Matter Packet
Name: _____________________________ Date: _______________ Per: ______
Atomic Structure: Bohr Model Simulation
Go to the link: http://goo.gl/dB3J2y
And click on the second icon: Symbol.
1) Play around with the simulation
2) Build a Lithium atom with a mass
of 7. Sketch the bohr model of
your Lithium atom below (and
label your protons, neutrons and
electrons):
3) What does the tool called Symbol tell you about what parts are in your atom or ion?
(Label the parts of the symbol)
4) Build a nitrogen ion (what charge should nitrogen form? Hint: look at your periodic table!). And sketch the bohr
model and write the symbol below:
Salt & Sugar Simulation (when in class – this simulation cannot be done on chromebooks  - it needs java, and google
hates java even more than Mr. P hates the Lakers. So you will use the teacher’s computer: do this part in groups when
the computer is free!)
Simulation should be up, but go to: http://tinyurl.com/738yjo2
1) Play around with the simulation.
2) Hit reset and click the Micro tab. Add sodium chloride (NaCl) to the water. What happens when sodium chloride
goes into water?
3) Add sucrose (C12H22O11) to the water. Take a look at the concentration key on the right. Does the sucrose do the
same thing as the sodium chloride?
Information: Ionic compounds dissolve (break into its ions) in water while molecular compounds do not. Water
molecules which have one side positive (the hydrogens) and one side that is negative (oxygen) pulls on the ions in
the ionic compounds (positive ion and negative ion) and breaks them apart. Which is the ionic compound?
_____________________________.
4) Find out which of the two substance conducts electricity using the light bulb! Electrolytes conduct electricity and
non-electrolytes do not. Fill out the table:
Substance
What happens in water?
Ionic or
Electrolyte Click the water tab and sketch the molecular
Molecular or nonview when adding the substance
Compound electrolyte?
Sodium
Chloride
(NaCl)
Sucrose
(C12H22O11)
Information: A solute dissolves in the solvent. In salt water, sodium chloride is the solute
and the solvent is water. The universal solvent is water. There are two types of
substances that dissolve in water: ionic compounds and other polar substances (water is
a polar molecule). The substances that do not dissolve in water are non-polar
substances.
Water is polar because one side of a water molecule is positive (hydrogens) and one side
of the molecule is negative (oxygen). If a molecule is asymmetrical it may be polar; if a
molecule is symmetrical it may be nonpolar. Molecular compounds can only be polar or
nonpolar (not ionic).
1) After making a cup of lemonade from lemon mix. Label the solute and solvent.
2) Based on the symmetry of the molecules, label the following molecular molecules as polar or non-polar.
3) Circle the compounds when dissolved in water would make good electrolytes:
KF
C2H2
Li2S
F2
IF3
Atoms vs Compounds vs Mixtures
Information: Take a look at the picture to the right, the
molecular view of an element is shown in A and B.
Picture B is a diatomic element because there are 2
atoms stuck together.
(Diatomic – those 7 elements when by itself always
exist in pairs!)
Picture C is a molecular view of a compound. Different
atoms stuck together. (chemically combined).
Picture D is a mixture because it is a physical mixture of
more than one type of element and/or more than one
type of compound.
These mixtures can either be homogenous (evenly
distributed) or heterogeneous.
All materials can be classified as either pure substances (P) or
mixtures (M). On the first line for each substance, write P or M.
For all pure substances, write either E or C on the second line. For all mixtures, write heterogeneous (He) or
homogeneous (Ho).
____ ____ Beaker of distilled water (H2O)
____ ____ Glass of Kool-Aid
____ ____ Beaker of lake water
____ ____ Piece of copper wire ____ ____ Balloon filled with air
____ ____Tank of carbon dioxide (CO2)
____ ____ Slab of concrete
____ ____ Carbon
____ ____ Bowl of chicken noodle soup
____ ____ Salt water
____ ____ Fresh orange juice
Separation of Substances
Filtration works because of particle size.
____ ____ Piece of Copper Wire
Filtration is commonly the mechanical or
physical operation which is used for the
separation of solids from fluids (liquids or
gases) by interposing a medium through
which only the fluid can pass. The fluid that
passes through is called the filtrate.
Distillation is used to separate substances based on the strength of intermolecular
interactions. If a solution of two or more liquids are being distilled, then the difference in
their boiling points make the separation possible.
2) Condense the vapor as it
escapes and collect it
-Higher the intermolecular forces (attraction between different
elements/compounds), the more the molecules “stick” together 
boiling point is higher. Takes more energy for the substance to boil if
it has strong intermolecular forces.
1) Boil the solution
Chromatography is used to separate mixtures of substances into their
components. All forms of chromatography work on the same
principle. Chromatography means “colored writing.”
Chromatography is a way of separating out a
mixture of chemicals, which are in gas or liquid
form, by letting them creep slowly past another
substance, which is typically a liquid or solid. So,
with the ink and paper trick for example, we have
a liquid (the ink) dissolved in water or another
solvent creeping over the surface of a solid (the
paper).
A mixture of chemicals (unknown) are at the base
line (like a start of a race) and when the race
starts, they take off and each go a certain distance
based on their abilities (properties). In any type of chromatography, we have the chemicals at the front (gas or liquid)
moving over the surface of something else (liquid or solid that stays put). The moving substance is called the mobile
phase and the substance that stays put is called the stationary phase. As the mobile phase moves, it separates out into
its components on the stationary phase; we can then identify them one by
one.
The unequal solubilities cause the various color molecules to leave solution
at different places as the solvent
Why? Like dissolves like. Polar
continues to move up the paper.
substances dissolve in other polar
The more soluble a molecule is,
substances and non-polar substances
the higher it will migrate up the
dissolve in other non-polar substances.
paper. If a chemical is very
nonpolar it will not dissolve at all
So if we have a polar substance in water
in a very polar solvent and will
(polar solvent) it will travel far with it
drop off.
because it is dissolved in it.
1) Which method would you use if you want to separate by:
(a) particle size
(b) polarity
(c) boiling points
2) Oil is a nonpolar substance, what is more likely to dissolve in oil: water (polar) or gasoline (non-polar)?