Chapter 2- Matter Notes
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What is matter?
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NOTES WRITTEN
Matter- Anything that has mass and takes up space (it is all of the “stuff”
around you)
Matter can be divided into two categories: pure substances and mixtures
What are pure substances?
Substance- a single kind of matter
What are elements?
Elements- pure substance that CANNOT be broken down into any other
substance (the simplest substance; they are made of one type of atom)
Examples of elements: copper, oxygen, iron, hydrogen, aluminum, carbon
What forms when atoms
combine?
Molecules- two or more atoms joined together by a chemical bond (a force)
Examples of molecules: H2O, O2, CO2
What forms when different
elements combine?
Compounds- two or more elements joined together by a chemical bond
in a set ratio
Examples of compounds:CO2, H2O, C6H12O6 (represented by a
chemical formula)
Compounds have different properties (characteristics) than when the
elements are uncombined
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What forms when
substances combine?
Two types of mixtures:
Mixtures- two or more substances (elements, molecules or compounds)
that are mixed together (the are uncombined!)
Unlike compounds, mixtures retain their original properties
1) Heterogeneous mixtures- you can easily see the different parts
 Examples- soil, pepper and water, trail mix
2) Homogeneous mixtures- you cannot easily see the different parts
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What can be separated into
different parts, compounds
or mixtures?
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Examples- sugar water, air, brass (mixture of copper and zinc)
Also called solutions
Mixtures can be separated into its different parts via magnetic attraction,
filtration, distillation, and evaporation
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What are physical and
chemical properties?
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NOTES WRITTEN
All matter has two kinds of properties: physical and chemical
1) Physical property- characteristic of a substance that can be
observed without changing it into another substance
 Examples of physical property: color, texture, melting point,
boiling point, density, flexibility…
2) Chemical property- characteristic of a pure substance that
describes its ability to change into different substances
 Cannot be simply observed with the senses, you must try to
change it to another substance
 Examples of chemical property: flammability, ability to react or
produce gases
How can matter change?
Two ways that matter can change: physical and chemical
1) Physical change- any change that alters the form or appearance
of matter but does not change into a different substance
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Substance remains the same after the change
Examples of physical change: Ex: tearing paper, bending a nail,
changes of state (solid to liquid to gas), change in shape
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1) Chemical change- a substance is changed into one or more new
substances
 new substance formed has different properties from the original
 substance (known as a chemical reaction)
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Conservation of matter-
SUMMARY
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Example: CH4 +2O2 CO2 + 2H2O
Conservation of matter- matter is not created or destroyed and mass is not
gained or lost