Goal 3 EOC Test Review
1. A segment of DNA has this base sequence : ACG TAG TCA GTA. Which is the
base sequence of the complementary DNA strand?
a. ACG TAG TCA GTA
b. CAT GCT GAC TGC
c. GTA CGA CTG ACG
d. TGC ATC AGT CAT
2. A segment of a DNA strand has the base sequence of GTA CCT GCT ATG.
Which represents the complimentary DNA strand?
a. ACG TTC ATC GCA
b. CAU GGA CGA UAC
c. TGC AAG TAG CGT
d. CAT GGA CGA TAC
3. What is the significance of hydrogen bonds in DNA replication?
a. They are extremely strong and difficult to separate.
b. They are easily duplicated during DNA replication.
c. They are easy to separate during replication, but strong enough to
maintain the structure of the DNA.
d. They are difficult to duplicate, but provide needed stability to the
chromosomes during DNA replication.
4. Which sequence of nucleotides in mRNA identifies an amino acid?
a. a gene
b. a codon
c. a chromosome
d. an anticodon
5. During replication, a mutation occurs in a segment of DNA.
Original Base Sequence: ACT GAA TCA GTA
Replicated Base Sequence: TGA CTT AAG TCA T
Which mutation has most likely occurred?
a. Deletion
b. Insertion
c. Inversion
d. Translocation
6. Which nucleotide would most likely be involved in the replication of DNA?
a. ribose - phosphate – thymine
b. adenine - phosphate – ribose
c. uracil - deoxyribose – phosphate
d. phosphate - guanine – deoxyribose
7. A segment of the DNA from a chimpanzee has the following sequence: TAC
GAA GCA.Which mRNA would be transcribed from this segment of DNA?
a. GCA TCC TAC
b. AUG CUU CGU
c. ATG CTT CGT
d. GCA UCC UAC
8. Which best describes the process of genetic translation?
a. DNA gives instructions to form RNA.
b. RNA moves toward the nucleus to form DNA.
c. DNA codes are duplicated to make proteins.
d. Transcribed DNA codes are converted to make proteins.
9. Which most likely occurs when an amino acid bonds to a growing
peptide chain during translation?
a. The tRNA will become part of the ribosome.
b. The tRNA will create a break in the peptide chain.
c. The tRNA transcribes itself into the peptide chain.
d. The tRNA molecule will pick up another amino acid.
10. Which types of RNA are involved during protein synthesis?
a. messenger-RNA and transfer-RNA
b. transfer-RNA and ribosomal-RNA
c. ribosomal-RNA and messenger-RNA
d. messenger-RNA, transfer-RNA, and ribosomal-RNA
11.
During protein synthesis, the RNA sequence, UAC GAU CUA, is
produced from the DNA sequence, ATG CTA GAT. Which process is
occurring?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Transcription
Transformation
Translation
Transmutation
12. The chart below lists the codons for mRNA. This sequence of bases is from a
segment of DNA found in human hemoglobin:
ATA GAT CTG AGT CAC
Which amino acid sequence would be represented by this segment of DNA?
a.
b.
c.
d.
arginine - serine - serine - leucine – threonine
isoleucine - aspartic acid - valine - threonine – histidine
isoleucine - histidine - valine - threonine - glutamic acid
tyrosine - leucine - aspartic acid - serine – valine
13.
Converting DNA instructions into protein is a very step-specific
process. Which sequence correctly completes the amino acid forming
process for the codon GAT?
a. GAT, transcription, CTA, translation, GAT
b. GAT, translation, CTA, transcription, GAT
c. GAT, transcription, CUA, translation, GAU.
d. GAT, translation, CUA, transcription, GAU
14. How is a particular tRNA best related to mRNA?
a. mRNA is produced by tRNA during translation.
b. tRNA is a codon, while mRNA is an anticodon.
c. tRNA and mRNA are complements of each other.
d. mRNA brings amino acids to tRNA, where proteins are assembled.
15. Which best describes cloning as an example of asexual reproduction?
a. Each offspring is genetically identical to the parent.
b. Each offspring has a unique chromosomal assortment.
c. Each offspring is heterozygous for all genetic traits.
d. Each offspring shares no physical resemblance to the parent.
16.
How are meiosis and mitosis similar?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Both
Both
Both
Both
are types of cell division.
are a result of mutations.
form haploid cells as an end product.
are formed from homologous chromosomes.
17.
Which process occurring only in meiosis allows for an exchange
of genetic information between homologous chromosomes?
a.
b.
c.
d.
18.
Alignment
Assortment
crossing over
replication
What process utilizes the strategy of crossing over?
a.
b.
c.
d.
Sporulation
Fragmentation
binary fission
sexual reproduction
19.
Which best describes the advantage of organisms that
reproduce asexually?
Asexual organisms require a second partner.
Asexual organisms provide more genetic diversity.
Asexual organisms have weaker immune functions.
Asexual organisms can grow rapidly and use less energy.
is one adaptive advantage of sexual reproduction?
Only one parent is involved to make sure reproduction occurs.
Only one parent is involved to make sure “good” genes are passed
down to offspring.
c. With two parents involved, offspring will have more parental care.
d. With two parents involved, offspring is more likely to receive strong
genes from both parents.
a.
b.
c.
d.
20. What
a.
b.
21.
Which is not a function of mitosis?
a. organism growth
b. body tissue repair
c. gamete development
d. asexual reproduction
22. Which is more likely to occur during meiosis rather than during mitosis?
a. replication of DNA
b. division of cytoplasm
c. production of spindle fibers
d. pairing of homologous chromosomes
23. Some cells reproduce sexually, and others reproduce asexually. Which
method is associated with asexual reproduction?
a. Mitosis
b. Meiosis
c. Pollination
d. Fertilization
24. Why are organisms that reproduce asexually more vulnerable to disease?
a. They are less likely to contain identical DNA.
b. They reproduce less quickly, so there are fewer organisms to infect.
c. They are more likely to contain identical DNA.
d. They reproduce more quickly, so there are more organisms to infect.
25.
Which is an advantage of sexual reproduction over asexual
reproduction?
a.
b.
c.
d.
26. What
a.
b.
c.
d.
genetic stability
genetic variations
rapid increase in population
increased fertilization rate
is the advantage of asexual reproduction over sexual reproduction?
Asexual reproduction produces fewer offspring.
Asexual reproduction produces offspring with genetic variations.
Asexual reproduction allows animals living in isolation to reproduce.
Asexual reproduction requires energy to maintain the reproductive
system.
27.
Which process is most likely to occur during meiosis rather than
mitosis?
a. Cleavage
b. crossing over
c. disjunction
d. fertilization
28. How does the process of pollination increase the likelihood that a species of
plant will survive?
a. Pollen provides food for bees.
b. Pollination mixes genes from several plants.
c. Pollinators become stronger by eating the pollen.
d. Pollination provides insects with genetically diverse sperm.
29. Which statement best describes the selective advantage of sexual
reproductive strategies?
a. Sexual reproduction increases the ability of organisms to take
advantage of rich food supplies.
b. Sexual reproduction decreases the ability of organisms to take
advantage of rich food supplies.
c. Sexual reproduction increases the number of variations that may
survive unfavorable conditions.
d. Sexual reproduction decreases the number of variations that may
survive during unfavorable conditions.
30.
Which process does not occur during mitosis?
33.
Which process is a source of variations in cells?
a. division of cytoplasm
b. separation of sister chromatids
c. pairing of homologous chromosomes
d. coiling of chromatin to form chromosomes
31. If a sperm cell has 12 chromosomes, which number represents the diploid
number of the cell?
a. 12
b. 24
c. 36
d. 48
32. Which explains why crossing over occurs in meiosis but not in mitosis?
a. Crossing over occurs during the production of body cells
b. Crossing over creates a polyploidy condition that must be reduced
during meiosis.
c. Crossing over only occurs between homologous chromosomes during
gamete production.
d. Crossing over only occurs between two dissimilar chromosomes during
gamete production.
a. Meiosis
b. Mitosis
c. Cloning
d. Conjugation
34. How are meiosis and mitosis most similar?
a. Both produce diploid cells.
b. Both involve a replication of DNA.
c. Both occur in all cells of the body.
d. Both cause a reduction in chromosome number.
35. Which process occurs in both mitosis and meiosis?
a. Synapsis
b. crossing over
c. replication of DNA
d. pairing of homologous chromosomes
36. How does plant mitosis differ from animal mitosis?
a. Centrioles form asters in plant mitosis but not in animal mitosis.
b. Homologous chromosomes pair up in plant mitosis but not in animal
mitosis.
c. Plant mitosis produces four haploid cells, while animal mitosis
produces two diploid cells.
d. Plant cells divide by producing a cell plate, while the plasma
membrane pinches in during animal mitosis
37. Which is most likely occurring when animal cells undergo mitosis at an
abnormally high rate?
a. Gametes are being produced.
b. Cells are undergoing cytolysis.
c. Haploid cells are being created.
d. Cancerous tumors are developing.
38. Down Syndrome is also known as Trisomy-21. Which explains the
chromosome count for people affected with Down Syndrome?
a. The affected person has 47 chromosomes.
b. The affected person has 45 chromosomes.
c. The zygote has 45 chromosomes and an extra Y chromosome.
d. The zygote has 45 chromosomes and one extra X chromosome.
39. In humans, the normal sex chromosomes in a male are XY. Which statement
best explains how a male would have an XXY inheritance pattern?
a. Mitosis occurred two times in a single sperm cell.
b. An egg was fertilized by two different sperm cells.
c. Nondisjunction occurred, and the sex chromosomes failed to segregate
during meiosis.
d. Crossing over occurred in the development of the sperm, causing two
X chromosomes to enter the sperm cell.
40. Which is a heterozygous genotype?
a. B
b. b
c. BB
d. Bb
41. Which best explains how a blond-haired child can be born to two parents
with black hair?
a. Blond hair is always a dominant trait.
b. A mutation occurred in the child’s genes for hair color.
c. The child inherited a recessive trait for blond hair from both parents.
d. Both parents, who were blond as children, experienced a darkening of
hair color as they aged.
42. Which is a homozygous genotype?
a. T
b. t
c. TT
d. Tt
43. A red-flowering plant is crossed with a white-flowering plant. The resulting
offspring has red flowers. What is the phenotype of the offspring?
a. Red
b. White
c. Pink
d. Red and white
44. A black-furred wolf mates with a white-furred wolf. The resulting offspring
are black and white. Which best describes the appearance of both
phenotypes?
a. Recessive traits
b. Dominant traits
c. Incomplete traits
d. Co-dominant traits
45. How can two organisms have the same phenotype but different genotypes?
a. One organism is heterozygous, and the other organism is hybrid.
b. One organism is homozygous dominant, and the other organism is
heterozygous.
c. One organism is homozygous dominant, and the other organism is
homozygous recessive.
d. One organism is homozygous recessive, and the other organism is
heterozygous.