Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
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Bio.1.2.2 Analyze how cells grow and reproduce in terms of interphase, mitosis, and cytokinesis.
Bio.3.2.1 Explain the role of meiosis in sexual reproduction and genetic variation.
1. Complete the chart below.
Sexual Reproduction
Asexual Reproduction
Advantage
Disadvantage
Methods
2. Look at the pictures below. What forms of reproduction are demonstrated? Label them as sexual or asexual.
Picture A
Picture B
Picture C
3. Which form of reproduction gives the greatest genetic variation? Explain your answer.
4. Which form of reproduction gives the least genetic variation? Explain your answer.
5. Is mitosis a form of sexual or asexual reproduction? Explain your answer.
6. Is meiosis a form a sexual or asexual reproduction? Explain your answer
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 2 of 10
7. Complete the table below:
(Hint: look to see how many cells are involved & look to see if chromosomes are replicated or unreplicated –
that will help you decide if the diagram is of mitosis or meiosis!)
Diagram
Is this diagram
representing mitosis
or meiosis?
Provide at least one clue
that helps you determine if
the diagram is mitosis or
meiosis.
List the phase of mitosis or
meiosis the diagram
demonstrates.
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 3 of 10
8. Examine the picture to the right. Name part A and part B. What does this
diagram represent? Is this replicated or unreplicated?
Examine the picture below.
9. Is this a plant or animal cell? Provide two pieces of evidence to support
your answer.
10. What is letter A pointing to? What will this cell part eventually
become?
11. Has this cell just completed the process of mitosis or meiosis? Provide
evidence to support your answer.
12. Look at the picture below. What process is demonstrated? In which phase of meiosis would this process most
likely occur? What is the evolutionary value of this process?
13. Look at the picture below. What process is demonstrated? Would this process most likely occur in mitosis or
meiosis? What is the evolutionary value of this process?
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 4 of 10
14. The X and Y alleles are on different chromosomes. Assuming independent
assortment occurs, predict the possible genotypic combinations of the gametes
that would result. (Hint: Use the arrows to help you!)
X
x
Y
y
15. Complete the table below.
MITOSIS
Sexual Reproduction or
Asexual Reproduction
Number of parent cells
Number of daughter cells
that result
Are daughter cells
genetically identical or
genetically different from
parent cell?
Diploid or Haploid parent
cell?
Diploid or Haploid daughter
cells?
What types of cells are
involved in this process?
List steps of process in
order.
Does process involve
cytokinesis?
MEIOSIS
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
16. Explain the following terms, using descriptions we created in class. You
may write your answer or draw an example, if you choose.
a. crossing over
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Each of these processes
drives genetic
___________________
that leads to
ADAPTATION!
b. independent (random) assortment of chromosomes
c. gene mutation
d. gene shuffling
e. nondisjunction
f. fertilization
17. What type of biotechnology test determines if a fetus has a nondisjunction? Explain why a nondisjunction
cannot be treated with gene therapy.
18. List the two types of fertilization that are possible and give an example of an organism
Type of
Sample
No. of
Parental
Evolutionary
Fertilization
Organism
Offspring
Investment
Advantage
Produced
in Care of
(high or low)
Young
(high or low)
INTERNAL
EXTERNAL
Evolutionary
Disadvantage
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
19. Look at the picture to the right. Which process is it illustrating?
How might you explain your answer?
20. Which of the following chromosomes are homologous?
17. Complete the diagram by doing the following:
a) label the unreplicated chromosome
b) label the replicated chromosome
c) label the sister chromatids on the replicated chromosome
d) circle the homologous pair of chromosomes
e) draw a box around a tetrad
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Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 7 of 10
18. Complete the table with the correct number of chromosomes.
ORGANISM
body cell
gamete
A
B
haploid
number
5
diploid
number
egg cell
sperm
cell
2N
46
C
46
D
E
N
24
3
Use the following phrases & vocabulary terms to answer questions 19 & 20. Each term may or may not be used in
each explanation.
 mitosis
 involves one cell division & one cytokinesis
 meiosis
 involves two cell divisions & one cytokinesis
 occurs only in gametes
 the result is 2 identical daughter cells
 occurs in any cell other than gametes
 the result is 4 genetically different sex cells
 starts with 2N number of chromosomes
 so that at fertilization the zygote gets ½ its
DNA from the mother & the other ½ from the
 ends with the N number of chromosomes
father
 ends with the 2N number of chromosomes
19. Describe the rationale behind the chromosome numbers resulting from mitosis.
20. Describe the rationale behind the chromosome numbers resulting from meiosis.
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 8 of 10
Rewind Your Mind
1. Describe the shape of DNA. Who were the scientists responsible for the discovery of this shape?
Include information about bonding, strength, storage of information, and molecules involved.
2. Examine the diagram to the right. What might the letter X indicate?
3. What are the building blocks of DNA. What three components
make up this monomer? Draw a picture.
4. Complete the chart below.
DNA 1
DNA 2
(original strand)
(replication)
mRNA
(transcription from DNA 2)
ACT CGA TTA
GCA TTG CCA
5. What does the diagram to the right represent? Describe how DNA
replication ensures the preservation of the correct DNA sequence.
6. Where does transcription take place? What molecules are
involved?
7. Where does translation take place? What molecules are involved?
tRNA
(translation from mRNA)
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 9 of 10
8. Look at the diagram to the right.
Molecules C, D, and E are amino acids.
a. What molecules are represented by A and B?
b. When molecules C, D, and E are joined
together by peptide bonds, what
macromolecule will result?
9. Examine the picture below. Write the chemical equation for the process that is occurring. Just by looking at the
picture, how do you know that this is the correct process?
10. Complete the chart.
APPLICATION
Transgenic
Animals
Transgenic
Plants
Transgenic
Microorganisms
Medicine
Agriculture
Industry
Study Guide
1.2.2 & 3.2.1
Page 10 of 10
12. Complete the chart.
ORGANELLE
FUNCTION
Nucleus
Ribosome
Cell membrane
Cytoplasm
vacuole
mitochondria
chloroplast
cell wall
13. Please determine which molecules below are organic. Then, label molecules A, B, C, and D as protein, lipid,
carbohydrate, or water.
14. Describe the characteristics of enzymes. Please give at least four characteristics.