Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion - Department of Sustainability and
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EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland Description: Restricted to near coastal localities on secondary or tertiary dunes behind Coastal Dune Scrub. Usually dominated by a woodland overstorey of Coast Banksia Banksia integrifolia to 15 m tall over a medium shrub layer. The understorey consists of a number of herbs and sedges, including scramblers. Large trees: Species Banksia spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 50 cm 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Banksia spp. 15% Life Forms: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH GF SC SC Coast Banksia #Spp %Cover 5% 40% 1% 1% 15% 10% 1% 5% 10% 10% 10% 20% 3 1 2 3 2 1 1 1 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leucopogon parviflorus Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Leptospermum laevigatum Senecio minimus Haloragis brownii Sambucus gaudichaudiana Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Lobelia anceps Sarcocornia quinqueflora Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Dichondra repens Pteridium esculentum Galium australe Clematis microphylla Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Invasive high high Impact high low Common Name Coast Beard-heath Seaberry Saltbush Coast Tea-tree Shrubby Fireweed Swamp Raspwort White Elderberry Ivy-leaf Violet Angled Lobelia Beaded Glasswort Shining Pennywort Kidney-weed Austral Bracken Tangled Bedstraw Small-leaved Clematis EVC 2: Coast Banksia Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Description: A low, grassy or bracken-dominated eucalypt forest or open woodland to 15 m tall with a large shrub layer and ground layer rich in herbs, grasses, and orchids. Occurs mainly on flat or undulating areas on moderately fertile, relatively well-drained, deep sandy or loamy topsoils over heavier subsoils (duplex soils). Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus baxteri s.s. Understorey: Life form #/ha Brown Stringybark #Spp 3 6 3 3 4 15 6 2 1 12 4 1 1 na %Cover 5% 15% 15% 5% 5% 5% 25% 5% 5% 5% 15% 10% 10% 1% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 3: Damp Sands Herb-rich Woodland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG TTG TTG GF SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Exocarpos cupressiformis Acacia mearnsii Banksia marginata Melaleuca squarrosa Leptospermum continentale Acacia verticillata Hibbertia riparia Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada r Boronia nana var. nana Xanthosia pusilla spp. agg. Acrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorus Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Veronica gracilis Euchiton collinus s.s. Goodenia geniculata Lagenophora stipitata Nertera granadensis Opercularia varia Hydrocotyle laxiflora Kennedia prostrata Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Deyeuxia quadriseta Gahnia radula Lomandra nana Austrodanthonia setacea var. setacea Dianella revoluta s.s. Poa sieberiana var. sieberiana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Isolepis marginata Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Pteridium esculentum Billardiera scandens var. scandens Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG Centaurium tenuiflorum Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Medicago polymorpha Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Anthoxanthum odoratum Aira caryophyllea Aira elegantissima Common Name Blackwood Cherry Ballart Black Wattle Silver Banksia Scented Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree Prickly Moses Erect Guinea-flower Bundled Guinea-flower Broom Spurge Dwarf Boronia Heath Xanthosia Honey-pots Slender Fireweed Sprawling Bluebell Slender Speedwell Creeping Cudweed Bent Goodenia Common Bottle-daisy Matted Nertera Variable Stinkweed Stinking Pennywort Running Postman Small Grass-tree Reed Bent-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Dwarf Mat-rush Bristly Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Grey Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Little Club-sedge Hairy Centrolepis Austral Bracken Common Apple-berry Common Name Invasive Impact Slender Centaury Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Burr Medic Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Sweet Vernal-grass Silvery Hair-grass Delicate Hair-grass low high high high high high high high high low low low low high low high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 6: Sand Heathland Description: Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species. + eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 50 cm Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species 10% Messmate Stringybark Life Forms: Life form #Spp Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust 6 8 3 3 2 2 1 6 1 1 3 na na LF Code r Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 20% 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 15% 1% 1% 5% 10% 10% Species typical of at least part of EVC range MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG TTG GF SC SC 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG #/ha Banksia marginata Epacris impressa Leptospermum myrsinoides Leptospermum continentale Platylobium obtusangulum Isopogon ceratophyllus Pimelea humilis Tetratheca ciliata Acrotriche serrulata Gompholobium ecostatum Astroloma humifusum Goodenia geniculata Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Viola cleistogamoides Xanthorrhoea australis Austrostipa mollis Gahnia radula Lomandra filiformis Schoenus apogon Lepidosperma canescens Austrodanthonia setacea Hypolaena fastigiata Schoenus breviculmis Lindsaea linearis Cassytha pubescens s.s. Cassytha glabella LF cod MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C Com Silver Comm Heath Prickl Comm Horny Comm Pink-b Honey Dwar Cranb Bent G Tall S Hidde Austra Suppl Thatc Wattl Comm Hoary Bristly Tasse Matte Screw Down Slend EVC 6: Sand Heathland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 6_61: Treed Sand Heathland Description: Treeless heathland (or with scattered emergent mallee-form eucalypts) occurring on deep infertile sands. Consists of a low, dense heathy shrub layer and a number of sedges and sedge-like species. Large Trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 50 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 10% Eucalyptus obliqua Messmate Stringybark Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark #Spp %Cover LF Code 6 8 3 3 2 2 1 6 1 1 3 30% 20% 5% 5% 5% 10% 5% 15% 1% 1% 5% MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC 10% 10% BL S/C EVC 6_61: Treed Sand Heathland LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC r Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Banksia marginata Epacris impressa Leptospermum continentale Leptospermum myrsinoides Isopogon ceratophyllus Pimelea humilis Platylobium obtusangulum Tetratheca ciliata Acrotriche serrulata Astroloma humifusum Gompholobium ecostatum Drosera peltata subsp. auriculata Goodenia geniculata Viola cleistogamoides Austrostipa mollis Xanthorrhoea australis Gahnia radula Austrodanthonia setacea Lepidosperma canescens Lomandra filiformis Schoenus apogon Hypolaena fastigiata Lindsaea linearis Cassytha glabella Cassytha pubescens s.s. Silver Banksia Common Heath Prickly Tea-tree Heath Tea-tree Horny Cone-bush Common Rice-flower Common Flat-pea Pink-bells Honey-pots Cranberry Heath Dwarf Wedge-pea Tall Sundew Bent Goodenia Hidden Violet Supple Spear-grass Austral Grass-tree Thatch Saw-sedge Bristly Wallaby-grass Hoary Rapier-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Common Bog-sedge Tassel Rope-rush Screw Fern Slender Dodder-laurel Downy Dodder-laurel Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 8: Wet Heathland Description: A low, generally treeless heathland to 5 m tall although sometimes emergent eucalypts may be present. Occurs on lower slopes, flats or depressions, which are infertile and subjected to prolonged water logging. Understorey is often dominated by a range of sedges, grasses and shrubs. Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code #Spp 7 6 1 3 2 2 2 3 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Melaleuca squarrosa Leptospermum continentale Banksia marginata Epacris impressa Leucopogon australis Tetratheca ciliata Dillwynia glaberrima Amperea xiphoclada var. xiphoclada Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Acrotriche serrulata Gonocarpus tetragynus Selaginella uliginosa Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Acianthus spp. Goodenia lanata Xanthorrhoea australis Gymnoschoenus sphaerocephalus Gahnia sieberiana Lomandra longifolia Lepidosperma filiforme Stylidium graminifolium s.s. Empodisma minus Schoenus lepidosperma Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hypolaena fastigiata Lindsaea linearis Pteridium esculentum Lycopodium deuterodensum Cassytha pubescens s.s. MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG GF GF GF SC Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 50% 15% 5% 5% 1% 15% 5% 10% 10% 20% LF code MS SS PS MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Scented Paperbark Prickly Tea-tree Silver Banksia Common Heath Spike Beard-heath Pink-bells Smooth Parrot-pea Broom Spurge Cut-leaf Xanthosia Honey-pots Common Raspwort Swamp Selaginella Tall Sundew Mosquito Orchid Trailing Goodenia Austral Grass-tree Button Grass Red-fruit Saw-sedge Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Rapier-sedge Grass Trigger-plant Spreading Rope-rush Slender Bog-sedge Hairy Rice-grass Tassel Rope-rush Screw Fern Austral Bracken Bushy Clubmoss Downy Dodder-laurel EVC 8: Wet Heathland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh Description: Occurs on and immediately above marine and estuarine tidal flats and contains distinct floristic communities as bands or zones in the same location, depending on the positioning of the various floristic communities in relation to the saline environment. Consists of a range of life forms including succulent herbs, low succulent shrubs, rushes and sedges. Life Forms: Life form #Spp Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Soil Crust 1 2 2 1 1 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS SS SS MH MH SH %Cover 20% 10% 30% 1% 5% 5% 10% LF code MS SS MH SH MTG MNG S/C 65% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Sclerostegia arbuscula Suaeda australis Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Samolus repens Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Common Name Shrubby Glasswort Austral Seablite Southern Sea-heath Beaded Glasswort Creeping Brookweed Rounded Noon-flower Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code LH MH MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Plantago coronopus Critesion marinum Lolium rigidum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Common Sow-thistle Buck's-horn Plantain Sea Barley-grass Wimmera Rye-grass high high high high low high high low EVC 9: Coastal Saltmarsh - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland Description: Grows on anaerobic peat-rich muds on the edges of estuarine waterbodies such as creeks, rivers and lagoons with intermediate salinity conditions. Vegetation is determined by fluctuating salinity, which varies in time from occasionally fresh to brackish or occasionally saline according to river flood and marine tide events. Dominated by graminoids and halophytic herbs and often fringed by a tall scrub layer of Swamp Paperbark Melaleuca ericifolia or Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermum lanigerum at the landward edge. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber #Spp %Cover LF code 1 3 4 4 1 1 2 1 1 1% 10% 10% 15% 10% 25% 5% 1% 5% MS LH MH SH LNG LNG MTG MNG SC Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS LH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LNG MNG SC 80% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum Persicaria decipiens Samolus repens Lobelia anceps Selliera radicans Crassula helmsii Mimulus repens Leptinella reptans s.l. Poa labillardierei Phragmites australis Triglochin striatum Calystegia sepium Woolly Tea-tree Slender Knotweed Creeping Brookweed Angled Lobelia Shiny Swamp-mat Swamp Crassula Creeping Monkey-flower Creeping Cotula Common Tussock-grass Common Reed Streaked Arrowgrass Large Bindweed Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MTG MNG Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Aster subulatus Plantago lanceolata Rumex crispus Ranunculus repens Lotus uliginosus Cotula coronopifolia Atriplex prostrata Agrostis stolonifera Polypogon viridis Aster-weed Ribwort Curled Dock Creeping Buttercup Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil Water Buttons Hastate Orache Creeping Bent Water Bent high high high high high high high high high low low low high high high high high high Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 10: Estuarine Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 16: Lowland Forest Description: Open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity of species and lifeforms in each stratum. Includes a variety of heathy understorey shrubs. It grows on a wide variety of geology and soils. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 20 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus willisii Eucalyptus baxteri s.s. Understorey: Life form #/ha Messmate Stringybark Shining Peppermint Brown Stringybark #Spp %Cover LF code 2 6 3 2 2 8 2 2 2 5 1 1 2 na 5% 10% 15% 5% 1% 5% 20% 5% 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 1% 10% IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 16: Lowland Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum continentale Correa reflexa Banksia marginata Acacia verticillata Tetratheca ciliata Hibbertia riparia Platylobium obtusangulum Pultenaea stricta Acrotriche serrulata Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Astroloma humifusum Senecio tenuiflorus Dipodium punctatum s.l. Senecio glomeratus Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Burchardia umbellata Helichrysum scorpioides Lagenophora stipitata Hydrocotyle laxiflora Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Deyeuxia quadriseta Lomandra longifolia Gahnia radula Austrostipa muelleri Dianella revoluta s.s. Lepidosperma filiforme Dichelachne rara Poa morrisii Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Cassytha pubescens s.s. Billardiera scandens Comesperma volubile Clematis aristata T T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF SC SC SC SC Common Name Cherry Ballart Blackwood Prickly Tea-tree Common Correa Silver Banksia Prickly Moses Pink-bells Erect Guinea-flower Common Flat-pea Rigid Bush-pea Honey-pots Cut-leaf Xanthosia Cranberry Heath Slender Fireweed Hyacinth Orchid Annual Fireweed Ivy-leaf Violet Milkmaids Button Everlasting Common Bottle-daisy Stinking Pennywort Small Grass-tree Reed Bent-grass Spiny-headed Mat-rush Thatch Saw-sedge Wiry Spear-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Common Rapier-sedge Common Plume-grass Soft Tussock-grass Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Downy Dodder-laurel Common Apple-berry Love Creeper Mountain Clematis Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH LNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Common Name Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Invasive high high Impact low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 18: Riparian Forest A tall forest to 30 m tall along river banks and associated alluvial terraces with occasional occurrences in the heads of gullies leading into creeks and rivers. Soils are fertile alluvium, regularly inundated and permanently moist. Dominated by tall eucalypts, but also has an open to sparse secondary tree layer of wattles and scattered dense patches of shrubs, ferns, grasses and herbs. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T T MS MS MS MS LH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Manna Gum #Spp 3 4 1 3 1 2 3 1 2 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pomaderris aspera Acacia melanoxylon Notelaea ligustrina Olearia lirata Leptospermum lanigerum Ozothamnus ferrugineus Melaleuca squarrosa Urtica incisa Austrocynoglossum latifolium Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Lobelia pratioides Gahnia clarkei Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Carex appressa Poa ensiformis Carex gaudichaudiana Isolepis inundata Poa tenera Pteridium esculentum Blechnum wattsii Blechnum nudum Clematis aristata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 20% 20% 5% 10% 1% 20% 15% 5% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Hazel Pomaderris Blackwood Privet Mock-olive Snowy Daisy-bush Woolly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Scented Paperbark Scrub Nettle Forest Hound's-tongue Matted Pratia Poison Lobelia Tall Saw-sedge Variable Sword-sedge Tall Sedge Sword Tussock-grass Fen Sedge Swamp Club-sedge Slender Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Hard Water-fern Fishbone Water-fern Mountain Clematis EVC 18: Riparian Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 50 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH Rorippa nasturtium-aquaticum Common Name Invasive Impact Watercress high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest Description: Grows on shallow, rocky skeletal soils on a variety of geologies and on a range of landforms from gently undulating hills to exposed aspects on ridge tops and steep slopes at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a low, open eucalypt forest, poor in form to 20 m tall with an open crown cover. The understorey is dominated by a low, sparse to dense layer of ericoid-leaved shrubs including heaths and peas. Graminoids are frequently present in the ground layer, but do not provide much cover. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 60 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Common Name Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Bundy Red Stringybark Broad-leaved Peppermint Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 2 3 1 2 2 1 4 1 na na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS LH MH MH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Monotoca scoparia Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Phyllanthus hirtellus Hovea heterophylla Leucopogon virgatus Tetratheca labillardierei Bossiaea prostrata Senecio tenuiflorus Gonocarpus tetragynus Wahlenbergia gracilis s.l. Opercularia varia Goodenia lanata Joycea pallida Lomandra filiformis Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Poa sieberiana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 15% 20% 1% 5% 5% 1% 20% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C 75% Common Name Prickly Broom-heath Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Thyme Spurge Common Hovea Common Beard-heath Glandular Pink-bells Creeping Bossiaea Slender Fireweed Common Raspwort Sprawling Bluebell Variable Stinkweed Trailing Goodenia Silvertop Wallaby-grass Wattle Mat-rush Grass Trigger-plant Grey Tussock-grass Weeping Grass EVC 20: Heathy Dry Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG TTG Hypochoeris radicata Cicendia quadrangularis Trifolium campestre var. campestre Trifolium dubium Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium glomeratum Avena fatua Briza minor Romulea rosea Aira elegantissima Juncus capitatus Aira caryophyllea Cyperus tenellus Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Square Cicendia Hop Clover Suckling Clover Subterranean Clover Cluster Clover Wild Oat Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Delicate Hair-grass Capitate Rush Silvery Hair-grass Tiny Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest Description: Occurs on a range of geologies on exposed aspects such as ridge-lines and medium to steep upper slopes, often in high rainfall areas and on shallow infertile soils. The overstorey is a low, open forest to 25 m tall characterised by the diversity and variability of the eucalypts. The understorey often lacks a secondary tree layer but contains a well-developed medium to low shrub layer. The ground layer is often very sparse with tussock-forming graminoids being the dominant life form. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. Tree Canopy Cover: %cover 30% #/ha 70 cm 20 / ha Character Species Common Name Eucalyptus tricarpa Eucalyptus baxteri Eucalyptus polyanthemos Life Forms: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Red Ironbark Brown Stringybark Red Box #Spp 1 4 3 1 1 2 1 2 na na %Cover 5% 5% 20% 10% 1% 1% 5% 15% 10% 10% 10% 75% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH LTG MTG BL S/C EVC 21: Shrubby Dry Forest – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Spyridium parvifolium Acacia myrtifolia Daviesia leptophylla Pultenaea daphnoides Hibbertia stricta s.l. Platylobium obtusangulum Isopogon ceratophyllus Pultenaea humilis Acrotriche serrulata Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Xanthorrhoea australis Joycea pallida Dianella revoluta Lepidosperma semiteres Poa australis spp. agg. T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS MH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG Common Name Golden Wattle Dusty Miller Myrtle Wattle Narrow-leaf Hop-bush Large-leaf Bush-pea Upright Guinea-flower Common Flat-pea Horny Cone-bush Dwarf Bush-pea Honey-pots Tall Sundew Austral Grass-tree Silvertop Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Wire Rapier-sedge Tussock Grass Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest Description: Occurs on a variety of gradients and altitudes and on a range of geologies. The overstorey is dominated by a low to medium height forest of eucalypts to 20 m tall, sometimes resembling an open woodland with a secondary, smaller tree layer including a number of Acacia species. The understorey usually consists of a sparse shrub layer of medium height. Grassy Dry Forest is characterised by a ground layer dominated by a high diversity of drought-tolerant grasses and herbs, often including a suite of fern species. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code T MS SS SS SS PS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus obliqua Red Stringybark Bundy Messmate Stringybark #Spp 1 3 3 1 3 7 2 1 7 1 1 1 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia dealbata Epacris impressa Hovea heterophylla Pimelea humilis Acacia aculeatissima Acrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorus Gonocarpus tetragynus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Hypericum gramineum Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Goodenia lanata Joycea pallida Poa sieberiana Lomandra filiformis Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Hardenbergia violacea Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 5% 20% 5% 5% 30% 1% 1% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C Common Name Silver Wattle Common Heath Common Hovea Common Rice-flower Thin-leaf Wattle Honey-pots Slender Fireweed Common Raspwort Ivy-leaf Violet Small St John's Wort Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Trailing Goodenia Silvertop Wallaby-grass Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Purple Coral-pea EVC 22: Grassy Dry Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MTG MNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Aira elegantissima Common Name Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Delicate Hair-grass Invasive high high high Impact low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest Description: Occurs on relatively fertile, moderately well-drained soils on an extremely wide range of geological types and in areas of moderate to high rainfall. Occupies easterly and southerly aspects mainly on lower slopes and in gullies. A medium to tall open forest or woodland to 25 m tall with a small tree layer over a sparse to dense shrub layer. A high cover and diversity of herbs and grasses in the ground layer characterise this EVC. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler/Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Swamp Gum Messmate Stringybark Manna Gum #Spp 2 3 1 2 6 3 3 1 5 2 1 2 na %Cover LF code 5% 10% 20% 1% 5% 15% 5% 20% 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 20% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL EVC 23: Herb-rich Foothill Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS PS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum continentale Acacia verticillata Ozothamnus ferrugineus Bursaria spinosa Pimelea humilis Hibbertia riparia Bossiaea prostrata Acrotriche serrulata Senecio tenuiflorus Pterostylis longifolia s.l. Euchiton collinus s.s. Hypericum gramineum Gonocarpus tetragynus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Hydrocotyle laxiflora Juncus procerus Lepidosperma laterale var. majus Deyeuxia quadriseta Lepidosperma longitudinale Lomandra filiformis Lomandra sororia Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Poa tenera Pteridium esculentum Clematis aristata Billardiera scandens Common Name Blackwood Prickly Tea-tree Prickly Moses Tree Everlasting Sweet Bursaria Common Rice-flower Erect Guinea-flower Creeping Bossiaea Honey-pots Slender Fireweed Tall Greenhood Creeping Cudweed Small St John's Wort Common Raspwort Ivy-leaf Violet Stinking Pennywort Tall Rush Variable Sword-sedge Reed Bent-grass Pithy Sword-sedge Wattle Mat-rush Small Mat-rush Variable Sword-sedge Weeping Grass Slender Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Mountain Clematis Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH MNG MTG Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Common Centaury Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass high high high high low low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest Description: Occurs on ridges and mainly on southern and eastern slopes in association with Damp Forest or Wet Forest on moderately fertile soils and at a range of elevations. The overstorey is a medium eucalypt forest to 25 m tall over an understorey characterised by a distinctive middle strata dominated by a diversity of narrow-leaved shrubs and a paucity of ferns, graminoids and herbs in the ground stratum. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 40% Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Eucalyptus dives Eucalyptus rubida Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Messmate Stringybark Narrow-leaf Peppermint Broad-leaved Peppermint Candlebark #Spp 1 5 3 2 1 7 2 1 5 1 2 1 na na %Cover 5% 5% 20% 10% 5% 1% 15% 5% 15% 20% 5% 10% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C EVC 45: Shrubby Foothill Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS MH MH MH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Epacris impressa Acacia mucronata ssp. longifolia Acacia verticillata Pultenaea gunnii Olearia erubescens k Pultenaea muelleri var. reflexifolia Acacia aculeatissima Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Acrotriche serrulata Acrotriche prostrata Gonocarpus tetragynus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Hydrocotyle hirta Lomandra longifolia Gahnia sieberiana Tetrarrhena juncea Poa sieberiana Joycea pallida Lomandra filiformis Dianella tasmanica Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Billardiera scandens Common Name Cherry Ballart Common Heath Narrow-leaf Wattle Prickly Moses Golden Bush-pea Moth Daisy-bush Mueller's Bush-pea Thin-leaf Wattle Grey Parrot-pea Honey-pots Trailing Ground-berry Common Raspwort Ivy-leaf Violet Hairy Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Red-fruit Saw-sedge Forest Wire-grass Grey Tussock-grass Silvertop Wallaby-grass Wattle Mat-rush Tasman Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Cat's Ear Invasive high Impact low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest Description: Valley Grassy Forest occurs under moderate rainfall regimes of 700-800 mm per annum on fertile well-drained colluvial or alluvial soils on gently undulating lower slopes and valley floors. The tall, open overstorey to 25 m tall may carry a variety of eucalypts, usually species which prefer more moist or more fertile conditions over a sparse shrub cover. In season, a rich array of herbs, lilies, grasses and sedges dominate the ground layer but at the drier end of the spectrum the ground layer may be sparse and slightly less diverse, but with the moisture-loving species still remaining. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS SS PS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus melliodora Narrow-leaf Peppermint Candlebark Yellow Box #Spp 2 2 1 2 11 3 2 1 16 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Myoporum sp. 1 Acacia pycnantha Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Pimelea humilis Bossiaea prostrata Veronica gracilis Poranthera microphylla Gonocarpus tetragynus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Solenogyne dominii Oxalis corniculata s.l. Oxalis exilis Opercularia varia Austrostipa rudis Austrostipa mollis Gahnia radula Themeda triandra Lomandra filiformis Poa sieberiana Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Billardiera scandens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 1% 5% 20% 5% 5% 5% 40% 5% 1% 20% LF code IT T MS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Black Wattle Sticky Boobialla Golden Wattle Sweet Bursaria Common Rice-flower Creeping Bossiaea Slender Speedwell Small Poranthera Common Raspwort Tall Sundew Smooth Solenogyne Yellow Wood-sorrel Shady Wood-sorrel Variable Stinkweed Veined Spear-grass Supple Spear-grass Thatch Saw-sedge Kangaroo Grass Wattle Mat-rush Grey Tussock-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Common Apple-berry EVC 47: Valley Grassy Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Watsonia meriana var. bulbillifera Holcus lanatus Briza maxima Romulea rosea Ehrharta longiflora Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Anthoxanthum odoratum Sporobolus africanus Paspalum dilatatum Agrostis capillaris s.l. Dactylis glomerata Galium aparine Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Cat's Ear Common Centaury Bulbil Watsonia Yorkshire Fog Large Quaking-grass Onion Grass Annual Veldt-grass Panic Veldt-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Rat-tail Grass Paspalum Brown-top Bent Cocksfoot Cleavers high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high high low low low high high high high high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 48: Heathy Woodland Description: Spans a variety of geologies but is generally associated with nutrient-poor soils including deep uniform sands (aeolian or outwash) and Tertiary sand/clay which has been altered to form quartzite gravel. Eucalypt-dominated low woodland to 10 m tall usually lacking a secondary tree layer and generally supporting a diverse array of narrow or ericoid-leaved shrubs except where frequent fire has reduced this to a dense cover of bracken. Geophytes and annuals can be quite common but the ground cover is normally fairly sparse. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus baxteri s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Brown Stringybark #Spp 1 7 9 3 8 1 2 1 3 3 1 1 na na %Cover 5% 5% 35% 20% 5% 10% 1% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 1% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C EVC 48: Heathy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Banksia marginata Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Acacia verticillata Tetratheca ciliata Platylobium obtusangulum Astroloma conostephioides Boronia pilosa Acrotriche serrulata Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Boronia nana Helichrysum scorpioides Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Gahnia radula Poa morrisii Lomandra filiformis Lepidosperma filiforme Tetrarrhena distichophylla Hypolaena fastigiata Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Empodisma minus Pteridium esculentum Amyema pendula Billardiera scandens T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS PS MH MH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG GF EP SC Common Name Cherry Ballart Silver Banksia Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Prickly Moses Pink-bells Common Flat-pea Flame Heath Hairy Boronia Honey-pots Cut-leaf Xanthosia Dwarf Boronia Button Everlasting Tall Sundew Ivy-leaf Violet Scented Sundew Small Grass-tree Thatch Saw-sedge Soft Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Common Rapier-sedge Hairy Rice-grass Tassel Rope-rush Weeping Grass Spreading Rope-rush Austral Bracken Drooping Mistletoe Common Apple-berry Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 20 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 53: Swamp Scrub Description: Closed scrub to 8 m tall at low elevations on alluvial deposits along streams or on poorly drained sites with high nutrient and water availability. Soils vary from organic loams to fine silts and peats which are inundated during the wetter months of the year and is dominated by Woolly Tea-tree Leptospermun lanigerum which often forms a dense impenetrable thicket, outcompeting other species. Emergent trees (eg. Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata) may some times be present. Where light penetrates to ground level, a moss/lichen/liverwort herbaceous ground cover is often present. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum Melaleuca squarrosa Acacia melanoxylon 60% Woolly Tea-tree Scented Paperbark Blackwood #Spp %Cover LF code 5 13 2 9 1 7 na 10% 30% 5% 15% 1% 15% 20% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Persicaria decipiens Villarsia reniformis Epilobium pallidiflorum Hydrocotyle pterocarpa Lilaeopsis polyantha Hydrocotyle muscosa Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Crassula helmsii Juncus procerus Gahnia clarkei Deyeuxia quadriseta Amphibromus recurvatus Schoenus maschalinus k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Juncus planifolius Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20% Cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG BL Common Name Slender Knotweed Running Marsh-flower Showy Willow-herb Wing Pennywort Australian Lilaeopsis Mossy Pennywort Matted Pratia Swamp Crassula Tall Rush Tall Saw-sedge Reed Bent-grass Dark Swamp Wallaby-grass Leafy Bog-sedge Wetland Blown-grass Broad-leaf Rush EVC 53: Swamp Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH MH LNG MTG Rumex crispus Lotus suaveolens Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Juncus bulbosus Common Name Invasive Impact Curled Dock Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Bulbous Rush high high high high high high low high low low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland Description: An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. This variant occupies areas receiving approximately 500 – 700 mm annual rainfall. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 8 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS SS PS PS MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10% River Red Gum #Spp 1 3 2 1 3 8 3 2 12 2 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Pimelea humilis Astroloma humifusum Bossiaea prostrata Oxalis perennans Gonocarpus tetragynus Acaena echinata Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Austrostipa mollis Austrostipa bigeniculata Themeda triandra Elymus scaber var. scaber Austrodanthonia setacea Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 10% 1% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 45% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Common Rice-flower Cranberry Heath Creeping Bossiaea Grassland Wood-sorrel Common Raspwort Sheep's Burr Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Supple Spear-grass Kneed Spear-grass Kangaroo Grass Common Wheat-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass EVC 55_61: Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH LH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Lycium ferocissimum Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Briza minor Briza maxima Common Name African Box-thorn Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high low low low high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. EVC 803 - Plains Description: Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophytic herbs adapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600 mm rainfall per annum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils, derived largely from former Quaternary swamp deposits. Large Trees: Species DBH(cm) #/ha Allocasuarina luehmannii 40 cm 15 / ha Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus microcarpa Allocasuarina luehmannii Eucalyptus leucoxylon Yellow Box Grey Box Buloke Yellow Gum Understorey: Lifeform Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark #Spp %Cover LF Code 2 2 1 1 20 4 1 16 3 5% 5% 5% 1% 1% 20% 10% 1% 45% 5% IT MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG 10% 10% BL S/C EVC 55_62: Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland (syn. EVC 803 - Plains Woodland) LF Code MS MS SS PS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia acinacea s.l. Acacia pycnantha Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Astroloma humifusum Senecio quadridentatus Acaena echinata Calocephalus citreus Maireana enchylaenoides Plantago gaudichaudii Daucus glochidiatus Goodenia pinnatifida Oxalis perennans Solenogyne dominii Austrostipa bigeniculata Austrodanthonia caespitosa Austrodanthonia setacea Austrostipa scabra Dianella revoluta var. revoluta s.l. Wurmbea dioica Gold-dust Wattle Golden Wattle Common Eutaxia Cranberry Heath Cotton Fireweed Sheep's Burr Lemon Beauty-heads Wingless Bluebush Narrow Plantain Australian Carrot Cut-leaf Goodenia Grassland Wood-sorrel Smooth Solenogyne Kneed Spear-grass Common Wallaby-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Rough Spear-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Common Early Nancy Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MH LH MH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MH Hypochoeris radicata Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris glabra Arctotheca calendula Petrorhagia dubia Trifolium dubium Anagallis arvensis Trifolium glomeratum Avena fatua Romulea rosea Briza minor Briza maxima Lolium rigidum Vulpia bromoides Vulpia myuros Juncus capitatus Bromus rubens Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Cat's Ear Common Sow-thistle Smooth Cat's-ear Cape Weed Velvety Pink Suckling Clover Pimpernel Cluster Clover Wild Oat Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Wimmera Rye-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Rat's-tail Fescue Capitate Rush Red Brome Narrow-leaf Clover high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 55_63: Higher Rainfall Plains Grassy Woodland Description: An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or acacia/sheoak woodland to 10 m tall. Occupies poorly drained, fertile soils on flat or gently undulating plains at low elevations. The understorey consists of a few sparse shrubs over a species-rich grassy and herbaceous ground layer. This variant occupies areas receiving greater than 700 mm annual rainfall. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Acacia melanoxylon Allocasuarina verticillata DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 40 cm 40 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS SS PS PS MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus viminalis Acacia melanoxylon Allocasuarina verticillata 20% Swamp Gum Manna Gum Blackwood Drooping Sheoak #Spp 1 3 2 1 3 8 3 2 12 2 na na %Cover LF code 5% 5% 10% 1% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 45% 5% 10% 10% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Pimelea humilis Astroloma humifusum Bossiaea prostrata Leptorhynchos squamatus Chysocephalum apiculatum Gonocarpus tetragynus Acaena echinata Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Austrostipa mollis Austrostipa bigeniculata Themeda triandra Poa morrisii Austrodanthonia setacea Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Recruitment: Continuous Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Common Rice-flower Cranberry Heath Creeping Bossiaea Scaly Buttons Common Everlasting Common Raspwort Sheep's Burr Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Supple Spear-grass Kneed Spear-grass Kangaroo Grass Soft Tussock-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass EVC 55_63: Higher Rainfall Plains Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG Lycium ferocissimum Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Briza minor Briza maxima Common Name Invasive Impact African Box-thorn Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland Description: An open eucalypt woodland to 20 m tall over a medium to tall shrub layer with a ground layer consisting of amphibious and aquatic herbs and sedges. Occurs along the banks and floodplains of the larger meandering rivers and major creeks, often in conjunction with one or more floodplain wetland communities. Elevation and rainfall are relatively low and soils are fertile alluviums subject to periodic flooding and inundation. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 80 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Life Forms: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS LH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG EP SC SC Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus ovata River Red-gum Swamp Gum #Spp 1 3 2 4 3 3 1 5 3 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Acacia pycnantha Myoporum sp. 1 Senecio glomeratus Rumex brownii Dichondra repens Crassula helmsii Selliera radicans Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lomandra longifolia Gahnia filum Poa labillardierei Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Phragmites australis Lachnagrostis filiformis Austrodanthonia penicillata Dianella revoluta s.l. Bulbine bulbosa Triglochin striatum Schoenus nitens Distichlis distichophylla Muellerina eucalyptoides Cassytha melantha Calystegia sepium Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 15% 5% 10% 10% 15% 10% 15% 10% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Blackwood Sweet Bursaria Golden Wattle Sticky Boobialla Annual Fireweed Slender Dock Kidney-weed Swamp Crassula Shiny Swamp-mat Shining Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Chaffy Saw-sedge Common Tussock-grass Sea Rush Common Reed Common Blown-grass Slender Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Bulbine Lily Streaked Arrowgrass Shiny Bog-sedge Australian Salt-grass Creeping Mistletoe Coarse Dodder-laurel Large Bindweed EVC 56: Floodplain Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 30 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MNG Rosa rubiginosa Rumex conglomeratus Sonchus oleraceus Rumex crispus Helminthotheca echioides Aster subulatus Cirsium vulgare Sonchus asper s.l. Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Plantago major Brassica fruticulosa Atriplex prostrata Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Cyperus eragrostis Bromus catharticus Lolium perenne Paspalum distichum Common Name Invasive Impact Sweet Briar Clustered Dock Common Sow-thistle Curled Dock Ox-tongue Aster-weed Spear Thistle Rough Sow-thistle Ribwort Cat's Ear Greater Plantain Twiggy Turnip Hastate Orache Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Drain Flat-sedge Prairie Grass Perennial Rye-grass Water Couch high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low high low low low low high high high high high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest Description: Occurs in low rainfall areas (<550 mm per annum) on gently undulating rises, low hills and peneplains on infertile, often stony soils derived from a range of geologies. The open overstorey consists of a variety of eucalypts to 20 m tall, often including one of the Ironbark species. The mid storey often forms a dense to open small tree or shrub layer over an open ground layer ranging from a sparse to well-developed suite of herbs and grasses. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Common Name Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Eucalyptus leucoxylon Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.s. Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber* Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust * Largely seasonal life form Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Red Stringybark Bundy Yellow Gum Bundy #Spp %Cover LF code 5 2 2 8 2 2 1 8 2 1 na na 5% 20% 5% 1% 20% 5% 5% 1% 15% 5% 1% 10% 10% IT MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL S/C 90% EVC 61: Box Ironbark Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Cassinia arcuata Brachyloma daphnoides Hovea heterophylla Dillwynia sericea s.l. Senecio quadridentatus Gonocarpus tetragynus Crassula decumbens var. decumbens Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Siloxerus multiflorus Hyalosperma demissum Drosera whittakeri ssp. aberrans Drosera glanduligera Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Gahnia radula Poa sieberiana Joycea pallida Lomandra filiformis Austrodanthonia setacea Amyema miquelii Thysanotus patersonii Drosera macrantha MS MS MS MS SS SS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG EP SC SC Common Name Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Drooping Cassinia Daphne Heath Common Hovea Showy Parrot-pea Cotton Fireweed Common Raspwort Spreading Crassula Tall Sundew Small Wrinklewort Moss Sunray Scented Sundew Scarlet Sundew Small Grass-tree Thatch Saw-sedge Grey Tussock-grass Silvertop Wallaby-grass Wattle Mat-rush Bristly Wallaby-grass Box Mistletoe Twining Fringe-lily Climbing Sundew Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Vulpia bromoides Briza maxima Aira elegantissima Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Squirrel-tail Fescue Large Quaking-grass Delicate Hair-grass high high high high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland Description: Low open (mallee) woodland to 8 m tall with an understorey dominated by chenopod (saltbush) species, occasional grasses and seasonal herbs. Occurs on laterised clays and duplex soils that tend to have a high salt content and are largely impervious to water. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 40 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Eucalyptus microcarpa Eucalyptus leucoxylon Eucalyptus behriana 10% Understorey: Life form Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Medium Herb Small Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Grey Box Yellow Gum Bull Mallee #Spp 3 6 2 3 1 3 1 na na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code T T T T MS MS MS SS MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia implexa Exocarpos cupressiformis Allocasuarina verticillata Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata r Rhagodia parabolica Dodonaea viscosa ssp. cuneata Acacia acinacea s.l. Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Einadia hastata Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Carpobrotus modestus Dichondra repens Austrodanthonia setacea Austrodanthonia caespitosa Austrostipa densiflora Cassytha melantha Clematis microphylla Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 25% 5% 10% 1% 5% 1% 10% 20% LF code T MS SS MH SH MTG SC BL S/C 75% Common Name Lightwood Cherry Ballart Drooping Sheoak Moonah Fragrant Saltbush Wedge-leaf Hop-bush Gold-dust Wattle Ruby Saltbush Saloop Nodding Saltbush Inland Pigface Kidneyweed Bristly Wallaby-grass Common Wallaby-grass Dense Spear-grass Coarse Dodder-laurel Small-leaved Clematis EVC 64: Rocky Chenopod Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS SS LH MTG Typical Weed Species Lycium ferocissimum Galenia pubescens var. pubescens Phytolacca octandra Ehrharta longiflora Common Name Invasive Impact African Box-thorn Galenia Red-ink Weed Annual Veldt-grass low high high high high high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland Description: Open woodland to 15 m tall on broad alluvial plains and along ephemeral drainage lines. Soils are generally poorly drained duplex soils with sandy loam overlying a heavier clay subsoil. Understorey consists of few, if any shrubs with the striking feature of this EVC being the high species-richness of the ground-layer and the low biomass of this cover, particularly in summer. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus melliodora Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb* Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust * Largely seasonal life form Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark River Red-gum Yellow Box #Spp 1 5 4 2 2 15 8 2 10 4 na na %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 5% 5% 15% 10% 5% 15% 10% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C EVC 67: Alluvial Terraces Herb-rich Woodland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS SS SS PS PS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG TTG TTG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Banksia marginata Leptospermum continentale Brachyloma daphnoides Leptospermum scoparium Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Hibbertia riparia Hibbertia stricta s.l. Astroloma humifusum Acrotriche serrulata Wahlenbergia stricta Hypericum gramineum Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Poranthera microphylla Viola cleistogamoides Siloxerus multiflorus Drosera pygmaea Solenogyne dominii Deyeuxia quadriseta Austrostipa mollis Luzula meridionalis Schoenus apogon Juncus subsecundus Austrodanthonia setacea Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Triglochin nanum Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Centrolepis aristata Aphelia pumilio Thysanotus patersonii Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG TTG Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Cicendia filiformis Anagallis arvensis Centaurium erythraea Moenchia erecta Parentucellia latifolia Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Briza minor Vulpia bromoides Juncus capitatus Aira elegantissima Cyperus tenellus Isolepis hystrix Common Name Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Smooth Cat's-ear Slender Cicendia Pimpernel Common Centaury Erect Chickweed Red Bartsia Hairy Hawkbit Lesser Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Capitate Rush Delicate Hair-grass Tiny Flat-sedge Awned Club-sedge Common Name Black Wattle Silver Banksia Prickly Tea-tree Daphne Heath Manuka Bundled Guinea-flower Erect Guinea-flower Upright Guinea-flower Cranberry Heath Honey-pots Tall Bluebell Small St John's Wort Pale Sundew Small Poranthera Hidden Violet Small Wrinklewort Tiny Sundew Smooth Solenogyne Reed Bent-grass Supple Spear-grass Common Woodrush Common Bog-sedge Finger Rush Bristly Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass Dwarf Arrowgrass Hairy Centrolepis Pointed Centrolepis Dwarf Aphelia Twining Fringe-lily Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland Description: Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with occasional scattered shrub layer over a mostly grassy/sedgy to herbaceous ground-layer. Occurs on low-gradient ephemeral to intermittent drainage lines, typically on fertile colluvial/alluvial soils, on a wide range of suitably fertile geological substrates. These minor drainage lines can include a range of graminoid and herbaceous species tolerant of waterlogged soils, and are presumed to have sometimes resembled a linear wetland or system of interconnected small ponds. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS SS SS MH SH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum #Spp 2 5 1 2 6 3 2 1 10 3 3 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia retinodes Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Rubus parvifolius Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Oxalis perennans Azolla filiculoides Lemna disperma Austrostipa bigeniculata Poa labillardierei Phragmites australis Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Austrodanthonia caespitosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Glycine clandestina Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 1% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 25% 10% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Blackwood Wirilda Tree Violet Small-leaf Bramble Ruby Saltbush Grassland Wood-sorrel Pacific Azolla Common Duckweed Kneed Spear-grass Common Tussock-garss Common Reed Stiped Wallaby-grass Common Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass Twining Glycine EVC 68: Creekline Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MS MS MS MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SC Salix fragilis Lycium ferocissimum Genista monspessulana Rosa rubiginosa Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Hirschfeldia incana Verbena bonariensis s.l. Rumex crispus Rumex conglomeratus Conium maculatum Helminthotheca echioides Aster subulatus Sonchus asper s.l. Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Brassica fruticulosa Hypochoeris radicata Foeniculum vulgare Modiola caroliniana Phalaris aquatica Piptatherum miliaceum Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Paspalum dilatatum Bromus catharticus Romulea rosea Bromus diandrus Briza maxima Agrostis capillaris s.l. Dactylis glomerata Paspalum distichum Tradescantia fluminensis Common Name Invasive Impact Crack Willow African Box-thorn Montpellier Broom Sweet Briar Blackberry Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Buchan Weed Purple-top Verbena Curled Dock Clustered Dock Hemlock Ox-tongue Aster-weed Rough Sow-thistle Black Nightshade Twiggy Turnip Cat's Ear Fennel Red-flower Mallow Toowoomba Canary-grass Rice Millet Panic Veldt-grass Paspalum Prairie Grass Onion Grass Great Brome Large Quaking-grass Brown-top Bent Cocksfoot Water Couch Wandering Jew high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low high high high high high low low low high high low high low high high high high low low low low high high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 71: Hills Herb-rich Woodland Description: A dry, open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall often with a sparse shrub layer. The understorey is dominated by a carpet of herbs and grasses. Soils are generally shallow but fertile, and outcropping rock is not uncommon. This seasonally dry environment is favourable for annual herbs, with the fertile nature of the various geologies also supporting perennial herbs. Landform can vary from relatively flat ground to ridge tops on sedimentary sandstones (along seams of mineral-rich sandstone) to undulating, rounded, granite hill landforms. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Common Name Eucalyptus microcarpa Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus camaldulensis Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Grey Box Yellow Box River Red-gum #Spp 1 4 2 1 1 4 1 8 3 na na %Cover 5% 5% 10% 1% 1% 5% 5% 1% 25% 5% 10% 10% 75% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C EVC 71: Hills Herb-rich Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code T MS MS MS PS MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Allocasuarina verticillata Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Ozothamnus obcordatus Bossiaea prostrata Hypericum gramineum Gonocarpus tetragynus Poa sieberiana Lomandra filiformis Themeda triandra Tricoryne elatior Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Common Name Drooping Sheoak Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Grey Everlasting Creeping Bossiaea Small St John's Wort Common Raspwort Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Yellow Rush-lily Weeping Grass Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland Description: Mainly restricted to granite rocky outcrops and structurally consists of a low woodland to 10 m high with the dominant trees often being stunted. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus macrorhyncha Eucalyptus goniocalyx s.l. Understorey: Life form #/ha Red Stringybark Bundy #Spp 2 5 4 9 2 11 2 2 2 na na %Cover 5% 10% 5% 10% 15% 5% 20% 1% 5% 1% 10% 10% 85% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C EVC 72: Granitic Hills Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Exocarpos cupressiformis Acacia mearnsii Brachyloma daphnoides Grevillea alpina Indigofera australis Acacia verniciflua Dillwynia sericea s.l. Acrotriche serrulata Stypandra glauca Wahlenbergia stricta Senecio quadridentatus Senecio hispidulus Gonocarpus elatus Senecio hispidulus var. dissectus Isotoma axillaris Geranium solanderi s.l. Hydrocotyle laxiflora Crassula sieberiana Cymbonotus preissianus Joycea pallida Poa sieberiana Lomandra filiformis Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Pteridium esculentum Cheilanthes sieberi ssp. sieberi Amyema pendula Hardenbergia violacea Comesperma volubile Thysanotus patersonii T T MS MS MS MS SS PS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG GF GF GF EP SC SC SC Common Name Cherry Ballart Black Wattle Daphne Heath Cat's Claw Grevillea Austral Indigo Varnish Wattle Showy Parrot-pea Honey-pots Nodding Blue-lily Tall Bluebell Cotton Fireweed Rough Fireweed Tall Raspwort Rough Fireweed Rock Isotome Austral Cranesbill Stinking Pennywort Sieber Crassula Austral Bear's-ear Silvertop Wallaby-grass Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Common Woodrush Weeping Grass Mat Grass Hairy Centrolepis Green Rock-fern Austral Bracken Narrow Rock-fern Drooping Mistletoe Purple Coral-pea Love Creeper Twining Fringe-lily Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Carduus pycnocephalus Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Anagallis arvensis Trifolium arvense var. arvense Briza maxima Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Bromus diandrus Aira spp. Aira elegantissima Common Name Slender Thistle Cat's Ear Common Centaury Pimpernel Hare's-foot Clover Large Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Great Brome Hair Grass Delicate Hair-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland Description: Woodland to 15 m tall generally occupying low energy streams of the foothills and plains. The lower strata are variously locally dominated by a range of large and medium shrub species on the stream levees in combination with large tussock grasses and sedges in the ground layer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T T MS MS MS MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF SC Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 10 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Understorey: Life form #/ha Swamp Gum #Spp %Cover 2 2 5 9 4 5 1 8 2 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia mearnsii Olearia glandulosa Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Leptospermum lanigerum Ozothamnus rosmarinifolius Senecio minimus Persicaria praetermissa Epilobium billardierianum Acaena novae-zelandiae Geranium potentilloides Oxalis exilis Euchiton involucratus s.l. Leptinella reptans s.l. Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Hydrocotyle hirta Dichondra repens Juncus procerus Cyperus lucidus Juncus pallidus Poa labillardierei Juncus planifolius Juncus pauciflorus Triglochin procerum s.l. Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Triglochin striatum Pteridium esculentum Calystegia sepium 5% 10% 5% 10% 15% 5% 20% 1% 20% 1% 1% 5% 20% Common Name Blackwood Black Wattle Swamp Daisy-bush Prickly Moses Woolly Tea-tree Rosemary Everlasting Shrubby Fireweed Spotted Knotweed Variable Willow-herb Bidgee-widgee Cinquefoil Cranesbill Shady Wood-sorrel Star Cudweed Creeping Cotula Shining Pennywort Hairy Pennywort Kidneyweed Tall Rush Leafy Flat-sedge Pale Rush Common Tussock-gra Broad-leaf Rush Loose-flower Rush Water Ribbons Mat Grass Streaked Arrowgrass Austral Bracken Large Bindweed EVC 83: Swampy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Sonchus asper s.l. Cirsium vulgare Plantago lanceolata Parentucellia viscosa Lotus corniculatus Hypochoeris radicata Acetosella vulgaris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Anagallis arvensis Trifolium repens var. repens Holcus lanatus Anthoxanthum odoratum Lolium perenne Juncus articulatus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Vulpia spp. Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry Rough Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Ribwort Yellow Bartsia Bird's-foot Trefoil Cat's Ear Sheep Sorrel Hairy Hawkbit Pimpernel White Clover Yorkshire Fog Sweet Vernal-grass Perennial Rye-grass Jointed Rush Soft Brome Fescue high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low low low low low low low high high high high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 104: Lignum Swamp Description: Shrubland to 3 m tall or open woodland to 15 m tall, with an understorey that can be rich in herbaceous species. Occurs on inundation-prone heavy grey soils in depressions or floodways in low rainfall areas. + woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 5 Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species Life forms: Life form Immatrure Canopy Tree+ Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis 10% River Red Gum #Spp 1 2 3 3 1 6 3 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Muehlenbeckia florulenta Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Rumex brownii Marsilea drummondii Alternanthera denticulata s.l. Myriophyllum muelleri Eryngium vesiculosum Lobelia pratioides Lobelia concolor Amphibromus nervosus Lachnagrostis filiformis Juncus subsecundus Austrodanthonia duttoniana Eleocharis acuta Eleocharis pusilla Recruitment: Episodic/Flood - Desirable period between disturbances is 10 years. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs+: 5 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 20% 5% 15% 10% 5% 20% 10% 10% 10% LF code IT MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Lignum Woodland Swamp-daisy Slender Dock Common Nardoo Lesser Joyweed Hooded Water-milfoil Prickfoot Poison Lobelia Poison Pratia Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Common Blown-grass Finger Rush Brown-back Wallaby-grass Common Spike-sedge Small Spike-sedge EVC 104: Lignum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG Lycium ferocissimum Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Helminthotheca echioides Cynara cardunculus Sonchus asper s.l. Aster subulatus Hypochoeris radicata Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Nassella trichotoma Lolium rigidum Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Vulpia bromoides Common Name African Box-thorn Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Ox-tongue Spanish Artichoke Rough Sow-thistle Aster-weed Cat's Ear Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Serrated Tussock Wimmera Rye-grass Soft Brome Squirrel-tail Fescue Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high low high high low low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland Description: This EVC is usually treeless, but in some instances can include sparse River Red Gum Eucalyptus camaldulensis or Swamp Gum Eucalyptus ovata. A sparse shrub component may also be present. The characteristic ground cover is dominated by grasses and small sedges and herbs. The vegetation is typically species-rich on the outer verges but is usually species-poor in the wetter central areas. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG #Spp 5 6 3 3 1 8 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epilobium billardierianum Villarsia reniformis Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Lilaeopsis polyantha Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Eryngium vesiculosum Neopaxia australasica Lobelia pratioides Juncus flavidus Deyeuxia quadriseta Amphibromus nervosus Poa labillardierei Triglochin procerum s.l. Glyceria australis Juncus holoschoenus Austrodanthonia duttoniana Eleocharis acuta Eleocharis pusilla Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland) Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 15% 5% 30% 10% 10% LF code LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Common Name Variable Willow-herb Running Marsh-flower Grey Willow-herb Floating Pondweed Australian Lilaeopsis Fairies' Aprons Prickfoot White Purslane Poison Lobelia Gold Rush Reed Bent-grass Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Common Tussock-grass Water Ribbons Australian Sweet-grass Joint-leaf Rush Brown-back Wallaby-grass Common Spike-sedge Small Spike-sedge EVC 125: Plains Grassy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG TTG Cirsium vulgare Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Briza minor Romulea rosea Cyperus tenellus Common Name Spear Thistle Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Tiny Flat-sedge Invasive high high high high high high high high Impact high low low high high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 128: Grassy Forest Description: Low growing forest to 20 m tall with an understorey of small and medium shrubs and a rich diversity of herbs. Large shrubs and understorey trees may also be conspicuous. Often grows in areas transitional between drier box stringybark forests and taller herb-rich forests typical of more favourable environments. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 20 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Messmate Stringybark Candlebark Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp 2 3 4 2 3 10 1 9 2 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS PS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG GF SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epacris impressa Daviesia leptophylla Pultenaea gunnii Hovea heterophylla Dillwynia cinerascens s.l. Leucopogon virgatus Tetratheca ciliata Acrotriche serrulata Platylobium formosum Senecio tenuiflorus Senecio glomeratus Wahlenbergia gymnoclada Helichrysum scorpioides Poranthera microphylla Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Opercularia varia Poa sieberiana Lomandra filiformis Dichelachne sciurea spp. agg. Stylidium graminifolium s.l. Pteridium esculentum Hardenbergia violacea Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 1% 5% 15% 5% 30% 1% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH LTG MTG SC BL 80% Common Name Common Heath Narrow-leaf Bitter-pea Golden Bush-pea Common Hovea Grey Parrot-pea Common Beard-heath Pink-bells Honey-pots Handsome Flat-pea Slender Fireweed Annual Fireweed Naked Bluebell Button Everlasting Small Poranthera Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Variable Stinkweed Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Short-hair Plume-grass Grass Trigger-plant Austral Bracken Purple Coral-pea EVC 128: Grassy Forest - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code T MH MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Pinus radiata Hypochoeris radicata Anthoxanthum odoratum Agrostis capillaris s.l. Common Name Invasive Impact Radiata Pine Cat's Ear Sweet Vernal-grass Brown-top Bent low high high high high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland Description: Treeless vegetation mostly less than 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies fertile cracking basalt soils prone to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving at least 500 mm annual rainfall. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust* * Note: treat as one life form in this EVC LF Code SS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG SC #Spp 2 12 4 1 13 4 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pimelea humilis Rumex dumosus Calocephalus citreus Acaena echinata Leptorhynchos squamatus Eryngium ovinum Solenogyne dominii Lobelia pratioides Austrostipa bigeniculata Dichelachne crinita Themeda triandra Austrodanthonia caespitosa Elymus scaber var. scaber Schoenus apogon Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Thelymitra pauciflora s.l. Microtis unifolia Convolvulus erubescens Recruitment: Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 20% 5% 5% 40% 5% 20% LF code LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Common Rice-flower Wiry Dock Lemon Beauty-heads Sheep's Burr Scaly Buttons Blue Devil Smooth Solenogyne Poison Lobelia Kneed Spear-grass Long-hair Plume-grass Kangaroo Grass Common Wallaby-grass Common Wheat-grass Common Bog-sedge Weeping Grass Slender Sun-orchid Common Onion-orchid Pink Bindweed EVC 132_61: Heavier-soils Plains Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Plantago lanceolata Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Trifolium subterraneum Plantago coronopus Trifolium striatum Trifolium dubium Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Briza maxima Lolium rigidum Lolium perenne Nassella neesiana Cynosurus echinatus Juncus capitatus Common Name Ribwort Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Subterranean Clover Buck's-horn Plantain Knotted Clover Suckling Clover Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Soft Brome Large Quaking-grass Wimmera Rye-grass Perennial Rye-grass Chilean Needle-grass Rough Dog's-tail Capitate Rush Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact low high low low low low low low low high high low low low low low low low high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland Description: Treeless vegetation mostly < 1 m tall dominated by largely graminoid and herb life forms. Occupies cracking basalt soils prone to seasonal waterlogging in areas receiving < 500 mm annual rainfall. Life forms: Life form Small Shrub* Prostrate Shrub Large Herb* Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb* Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid* Bryophytes/Lichens and Soil Crust** * Largely seasonal life form ** Note: treat as one life form in this EVC LF Code SS PS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG TTG TTG SC #Spp 1 1 2 8 3 1 10 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Pimelea curviflora s.s. Atriplex semibaccata Ptilotus macrocephalus Acaena echinata Plantago gaudichaudii Maireana enchylaenoides Calocephalus citreus Solenogyne dominii Oxalis perennans Chamaesyce drummondii Goodenia pinnatifida Austrostipa bigeniculata Austrostipa scabra Austrostipa nodosa Whalleya proluta Austrodanthonia duttoniana Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Centrolepis aristata Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Recruitment: Episodic/Fire or Grazing. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 5% 20% 10% 5% 30% 5% 20% LF code SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Curved Rice-flower Berry Saltbush Feather-heads Sheep's Burr Narrow Plantain Wingless Bluebush Lemon Beauty-heads Smooth Solenogyne Grassland Wood-sorrel Flat Spurge Cut-leaf Goodenia Kneed Spear-grass Rough Spear-grass Knotty Spear-grass Rigid Panic Brown-back Wallaby-grass Hairy Centrolepis Pointed Centrolepis Pink Bindweed EVC 132_63: Low-rainfall Plains Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Plantago lanceolata Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Trifolium subterraneum Plantago coronopus Trifolium striatum Trifolium dubium Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Briza maxima Lolium rigidum Lolium perenne Nassella neesiana Cynosurus echinatus Juncus capitatus Common Name Ribwort Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Subterranean Clover Buck's-horn Plantain Knotted Clover Suckling Clover Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Soft Brome Large Quaking-grass Wimmera Rye-grass Perennial Rye-grass Chilean Needle-grass Rough Dog's-tail Capitate Rush Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact low high low low low low low low low low low low low low low low high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 134: Sand Forest Description: Eucalypt forest to 20 m tall occurring on deep, low fertility sand deposits subject to high fire frequency. The understorey is visually dominated by Austral Bracken and the overall diversity is low. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS SS PS PS MH MH LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. cygnetensis 30% Rough-barked Manna-gum #Spp 1 3 1 2 2 1 7 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Leptospermum continentale Brachyloma daphnoides Acacia paradoxa Astroloma conostephioides Bossiaea prostrata Astroloma humifusum Goodenia geniculata Gonocarpus tetragynus Xanthorrhoea australis Lomandra filiformis Austrodanthonia geniculata Lomandra nana Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 5% 1% 15% 1% 50% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS MH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Black Wattle Prickly Tea-tree Daphne Heath Hedge Wattle Flame Heath Creeping Bossiaea Cranberry Heath Bent Goodenia Common Raspwort Austral Grass-tree Wattle Mat-rush Kneed Wallaby-grass Dwarf Mat-rush Weeping Grass Austral Bracken EVC 134: Sand Forest – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MH MH LNG MNG MNG MNG MNG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Briza maxima Aira elegantissima Holcus setosus Aira praecox Common Name Cat's Ear Smooth Cat's-ear Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Delicate Hair-grass Annual Fog Early Hair-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high Impact low low high low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 136: Sedge Wetland Description: Seasonal wetlands containing generally treeless vegetation dominated by sedges. May contain a fringe of shrubs and isolated shrubs may also be present throughout. Usually of low diversity in central areas but richer on verges and in some more ephemeral forms of the EVC. Frequently on soils of high organic content, in depressions with sandy terrain. Life forms: Life form Large Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp 1 1 2 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code %Cover 5% 1% 20% 20% 10% LH SH LTG LNG BL 55% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Villarsia reniformis Epilobium billardierianum Baloskian tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Triglochin procerum s.l. Baumea articulata Lepidosperma longitudinale Baumea rubiginosa s.l. MS LH LH LTG LTG LTG LNG LNG LF code Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Running Marsh-flower Variable Willow-herb Tassel Cord-rush Water Ribbons Jointed Twig-sedge Pithy Sword-sedge Soft Twig-rush Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG TTG Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Cotula coronopifolia Critesion hystrix Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Lolium perenne Briza minor Holcus setosus Aira elegantissima Isolepis hystrix Cyperus tenellus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Smooth Cat's-ear Water Buttons Mediterranean Barley-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Perennial Rye-grass Lesser Quaking-grass Annual Fog Delicate Hair-grass Awned Club-sedge Tiny Flat-sedge Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact low low low high low low low high low high low low low EVC 136: Sedge Wetland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment December 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland Description: Shrubland to 2 m tall. Confined to protected low energy coastal environments where there is sufficient shelter from strong wave action and currents to allow the accumulation of fine sediments, generally on mud flats within the tidal zone. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 1 1 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Avicennia marina ssp. australasica Zostera muelleri MS MNG Recruitment: Continuous Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 40% 5% LF code MS MNG 25% Common Name White Mangrove Dwarf Grass-wrack EVC 140: Mangrove Shrubland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub Description: Coastal Dune Scrub occupies the secondary dunes along ocean and bay beaches and lake shores. Closed scrub to 3 m tall with occasional emergent trees on siliceous and calcareous sands that are subject to high levels of saltspray and continuous disturbance from onshore winds. Life forms: Life form #Spp Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code 5 3 2 6 3 2 1 3 2 1 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia longifolia s.l. Leucopogon parviflorus Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Monotoca elliptica s.l. Gonocarpus teucrioides s.l. Dichondra repens Lomandra longifolia Lepidosperma concavum Ficinia nodosa Pteridium esculentum MS MS MS MS MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF %Cover 50% 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 5% 10% 5% 5% 1% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Coast Wattle Coast Beard-heath Seaberry Saltbush Tree Broom-heath Germander Raspwort Kidney-weed Spiny-headed Mat-rush Sandhill Sword-sedge Knobby Club-sedge Austral Bracken Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code LH MH Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Plantago coronopus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Common Sow-thistle Buck's-horn Plantain high high low high EVC 160: Coastal Dune Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub Description: Scrub or low shrubland to 2 m tall on steep, rocky coastal headlands often associated with cliffs exposed to the stresses of extreme salt-laden winds and salt spray from the south west. Occurs on shallow sands along rocky sections of the coast. Life forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp %Cover LF code 7 2 2 4 2 1 4 2 2 na 50% 5% 1% 5% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 10% MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC SC 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Leptospermum laevigatum Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Leucopogon parviflorus Leucophyta brownii Dichondra repens Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Dianella brevicaulis Lachnagrostis billardierei s.l. Poa poiformis Austrodanthonia caespitosa Ficinia nodosa Clematis microphylla Tetragonia implexicoma Coast Tea-tree Coast Wattle Seaberry Saltbush Coast Beard-heath Cushion Bush Kidney-weed Rounded Noon-flower Small-flower Flax-lily Coast Blown-grass Coast Tussock-grass Common Wallaby-grass Knobby Club-sedge Small-leaved Clematis Bower Spinach Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Weediness: LF Code MS MS LH MH MTG Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Chrysanthemoides monilifera Polygala myrtifolia var. myrtifolia Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Boneseed Myrtle-leaf Milkwort Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Panic Veldt-grass high high high high high high high low low high Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 161: Coastal Headland Scrub – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland Description: A tussock grassland that may contain emergent shrubs. Occurs on exposed coastal cliffs and bluffs. Soils are saline and the strong salt-laden winds preclude tree growth. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens #Spp 3 1 1 3 2 3 1 4 2 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leucopogon parviflorus Correa alba Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Samolus repens Asperula conferta Sarcocornia quinqueflora Selliera radicans Mimulus repens Leptinella reptans s.l. Austrostipa stipoides Dichelachne crinita Isolepis cernua Poa poiformis Lachnagrostis filiformis Dianella revoluta var. brevicaulis Distichlis distichophylla Triglochin striatum Ficinia nodosa Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20% Cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 10% 5% 10% 10% 5% 10% 5% 20% 10% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL 90% Common Name Coast Beard-heath White Correa Smooth Willow-herb Ivy-leaf Violet Creeping Brookweed Common Woodruff Beaded Glasswort Shiny Swamp-mat Creeping Monkey-flower Creeping Cotula Prickly Spear-grass Long-hair Plume-grass Nodding Club-sedge Coast Tussock-grass Common Blown-grass Coast Flax-lily Australian Salt-grass Streaked Arrowgrass Knobby Club-sedge EVC 163: Coastal Tussock Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG Rubus sp. aff. armeniacus Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Sonchus asper s.l. Centaurium tenuiflorum Lotus suaveolens Plantago coronopus Anagallis arvensis Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Ammophila arenaria Holcus lanatus Polypogon monspeliensis Common Name Blackberry Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Rough Sow-thistle Slender Centaury Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Buck's-horn Plantain Pimpernel Hairy Hawkbit Marram Grass Yorkshire Fog Annual Beard-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low low low high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland Description: Woodland or open forest to 15 m tall occurring on creek terraces and along shallow drainage lines with ephemeral flows. Soils are mostly alluvial deposits of seasonally wet sands and silts. Characterised by a sparse shrub layer above a grassy/sedgy understorey, often rich in herbs within the inter-tussock spaces. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS PS LH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus rubida Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus radiata ssp. radiata Candlebark Manna Gum Swamp Gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint #Spp %Cover LF code 2 2 1 2 9 1 3 1 5 1 1 2 na 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 15% 5% 20% 5% 15% 5% 5% 1% 20% IT T MS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum continentale Acrotriche serrulata Senecio minimus Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Gonocarpus tetragynus Hydrocotyle hirta Goodenia lanata Poa labillardierei Lomandra longifolia Juncus pallidus Gahnia radula Poa sieberiana Lomandra filiformis Luzula meridionalis var. flaccida Austrodanthonia penicillata Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Hardenbergia violacea Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Blackwood Prickly Tea-tree Honey-pots Shrubby Fireweed Ivy-leaf Violet Common Raspwort Hairy Pennywort Trailing Goodenia Common Tussock-grass Spiny-headed Mat-rush Pale Rush Thatch Saw-sedge Grey Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Common Woodrush Slender Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Purple Coral-pea EVC 164: Creekline Herb-rich Woodland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code T T T MS LH LH LH LH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Crataegus monogyna Malus pumila Salix spp. Rubus fruticosus spp. agg. Cirsium vulgare Sonchus asper s.l. Rumex crispus Conium maculatum Lotus uliginosus Acetosella vulgaris Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Juncus articulatus Cyperus congestus Common Name Invasive Impact Hawthorn Apple Willow Blackberry Spear Thistle Rough Sow-thistle Curled Dock Hemlock Greater Bird's-foot Trefoil Sheep Sorrel Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Jointed Rush Dense Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low high low low low high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 175: Grassy Woodland Description: A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak/Acacia woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies. + eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing non-eucalypt areas) Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Allocasuarina spp. Acacia spp. DBH(cm) 70 cm 40 cm 30 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree + Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS PS MH MH MH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus viminalis Allocasuarina verticillata Acacia implexa Acacia mearnsii 15% Swamp Gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint Manna Gum Drooping Sheoak Lightwood Black Wattle #Spp 2 2 2 2 2 8 3 1 8 1 1 na %Cover LF code 5% 10% 10% 1% 5% 5% 20% 5% 1% 45% 5% 1% 10% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Bursaria spinosa Cassinia arcuata Acacia pycnantha Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Pimelea humilis Atriplex semibaccata Acaena echinata Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Gonocarpus tetragynus Crassula sieberiana Dichondra repens Lomandra filiformis Austrostipa scabra Austrodanthonia caespitosa Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Clematis microphylla Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Sweet Bursaria Drooping Cassinia Golden Wattle Tree Violet Common Rice-flower Berry Saltbush Sheep's Burr Nodding Saltbush Common Raspwort Sieber Crassula Kidney-weed Wattle Mat-rush Rough Spear-grass Common Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Small-leaved Clematis EVC 175: Grassy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG Lycium ferocissimum Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Arctotheca calendula Briza maxima Romulea rosea Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Ehrharta longiflora Nassella neesiana Nassella trichotoma Common Name Invasive Impact African Box-thorn Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Cape Weed Large Quaking-grass Onion Grass Panic Veldt-grass Annual Veldt-grass Chilean Needle-grass Serrated Tussock high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low high low high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 175_61: Non-Eucalypt Grassy Woodland Description: A variable open eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or occasionally Sheoak woodland to 10 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. The shrub component is usually sparse. It occurs on sites with moderate fertility on gentle slopes or undulating hills on a range of geologies. Large Trees: Species DBH(cm) #/ha Acacia spp. 30 cm 15 / ha Allocasuarina spp. 40 cm Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% Acacia implexa Acacia mearnsii Allocasuarina verticillata Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus radiata s.l. Eucalyptus viminalis Lightwood Black Wattle Drooping Sheoak Swamp Gum Narrow-leaf Peppermint Manna Gum Understorey: Lifeform Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark #Spp %Cover LF Code 2 2 2 8 3 1 8 1 1 5% 10% 1% 5% 20% 5% 1% 45% 5% 1% 10% IT MS SS PS MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL EVC 175_61: Non-Eucalypt Grassy Woodland LF Code MS MS MS SS PS MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia pycnantha Bursaria spinosa Cassinia arcuata Pimelea humilis Atriplex semibaccata Acaena echinata Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Crassula sieberiana s.l. Dichondra repens Various spp. Various spp. Austrodanthonia caespitosa Austrostipa scabra Dianella revoluta s.l. Lomandra filiformis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Clematis microphylla Golden Wattle Sweet Bursaria Drooping Cassinia Common Rice-flower Berry Saltbush Sheep's Burr Nodding Saltbush Sieber Crassula Kidney-weed Common Wallaby-grass Rough Spear-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Wattle Mat-rush Weeping Grass Small-leaved Clematis Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact MS MTG MTG MTG MTG MH MTG MH MH Lycium ferocissimum Ehrharta erecta var. erecta Nassella neesiana Nassella trichotoma Ehrharta longiflora Hypochoeris radicata Romulea rosea Arctotheca calendula Leontodon taraxacoides subsp. taraxacoides Briza maxima African Box-thorn Panic Veldt-grass Chilean Needle-grass Serrated Tussock Annual Veldt-grass Cat's Ear Onion Grass Cape Weed Hairy Hawkbit high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low Large Quaking-grass high low MTG Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 191: Riparian Scrub Description: A dense shrubland to 6 m tall growing on waterlogged substrates often with a peaty surface horizon. Emergent eucalypts may be occasionally present. The understorey typically consists of sedges tolerant of seasonal waterlogging. Occurs along creeks and minor stream tributaries of the lowland plains. Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG LNG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Leptospermum lanigerum 60% Woolly Tea-tree #Spp 3 4 8 4 3 2 5 3 na %Cover LF code 20% 10% 10% 5% 20% 5% 10% 10% 20% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Coprosma quadrifida Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Oxalis perennans Oxalis exilis Crassula helmsii Poa labillardierei Carex tereticaulis Carex appressa Phragmites australis Triglochin procerum s.l. Triglochin striatum Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Common Name Prickly Currant-bush Sweet Bursaria Grassland Wood-sorrel Shady Wood-sorrel Swamp Crassula Common Tussock-grass Hollow Sedge Tall Sedge Common Reed Water Ribbons Streaked Arrowgrass Weeping Grass EVC 191: Riparian Scrub - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Rumex conglomeratus Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Trifolium dubium Trifolium subterraneum Hypochoeris radicata Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Holcus lanatus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Briza maxima Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Bromus diandrus Anthoxanthum odoratum Cynosurus echinatus Common Name Invasive Impact Clustered Dock Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Suckling Clover Subterranean Clover Cat's Ear Hairy Hawkbit Yorkshire Fog Soft Brome Large Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Great Brome Sweet Vernal-grass Rough Dog's-tail high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low low low low high low low low low low high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 195: Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Woodland Description: Shrub-dominated eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey visually dominated by medium shrubs and including a range of sedges and grasses and herbs including a number of annuals. Occurs on moderately fertile, poorly-drained, shallow sand or silty topsoils over heavier clay subsoils that naturally impede drainage. Often associated with recent Quaternary swamp deposits and broad, seasonal drainage lines and outwash flats. Soils are generally inundated or waterlogged in winter and baked hard in summer, which promotes sedges and annual species. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small Herb* Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust * Largely seasonal life form LF Code T MS MS MS MS SS PS MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus ovata River Red Gum Swamp Gum #Spp 1 8 2 1 5 4 2 4 2 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia verticillata Leptospermum continentale Melaleuca decussata Leptospermum scoparium Hibbertia riparia Astroloma humifusum Gonocarpus tetragynus Acaena echinata Villarsia reniformis Hypericum gramineum Dichondra repens Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Gahnia sieberiana Juncus pallidus Schoenus apogon Deyeuxia quadriseta Juncus amabilis Baumea juncea Juncus holoschoenus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 40% 10% 1% 10% 10% 5% 10% 10% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Blackwood Prickly Moses Prickly Tea-tree Totem-poles Manuka Upright Guinea-flower Cranberry Heath Common Raspwort Sheep’s Burr Running Marsh-flower Small St. John’s-wort Kidneyweed Matted Pratia Red-fruit Saw-sedge Pale Rush Common Bog-sedge Reed Bent-grass Hollow Rush Bare Twig-sedge Joint-leaf Rush EVC 195: Seasonally Inundated Shrubby Woodland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MH MTG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Juncus bulbosus Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Bulbous Rush high high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 198: Sedgy Riparian Woodland Description: Eucalypt forest or woodland to 15 m tall with sedge-dominated understorey. Occurs on flats along low gradient creeks and drainage lines subject to seasonal inundation and waterlogging in moderately fertile habitats. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Medium Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS MH MH MH LTG LTG LTG LTG MTG MNG MNG GF GF Common Name Eucalyptus obliqua Eucalyptus ovata Messmate Stringybark Swamp Gum #Spp 1 5 3 5 2 2 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Melaleuca squarrosa Leptospermum lanigerum Goodenia ovata Coprosma quadrifida Viola hederacea sensu Entwisle (1996) Gonocarpus humilis Acaena novae-zelandiae Gahnia clarkei Baloskion tetraphyllum ssp. tetraphyllum Lepidosperma elatius Juncus procerus Dianella longifolia Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Blechnum nudum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 20% 10% 30% 5% 5% 10% 20% LF code IT T MS MH LTG MTG MNG GF BL Common Name Blackwood Scented Paperbark Woolly Tea-tree Hop Goodenia Prickly Currant-bush Ivy-leaf Violet Shade Raspwort Bidgee-widgee Tall Saw-sedge Tassel Cord-rush Tall Sword-sedge Tall Rush Pale Flax-lily Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Fishbone Water-fern EVC 198: Sedgy Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code MS LH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG Typical Weed Species Rubus ulmifolius Rumex crispus Batrachium trichophyllum Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Callitriche stagnalis Holcus lanatus Juncus bulbosus Common Name Invasive Impact Blackberry Curled Dock Water Fennel Cat's Ear Common Centaury Common Starwort Yorkshire Fog Bulbous Rush high high high high high high high high high low low low low high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 203: Stony Rises Woodland Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall on stony rises (highly irregular terrain on recent basalt flows). Soils are fertile and well-drained but shallow or skeletal. Limited soil development outside of rock-cracks and dry summers promote annuals and deep-rooted perennials. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS SS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG GF GF GF SC Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis Manna Gum #Spp 1 1 1 3 8 4 1 4 1 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Cassinia longifolia Rubus parvifolius Epilobium billardierianum ssp. cinereum Senecio pinnatifolius Rumex brownii Acaena novae-zelandiae Geranium solanderi s.l. Ranunculus sessiliflorus Parietaria debilis s.l. Oxalis exilis Crassula sieberiana Dichondra repens Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Dichelachne rara Poa ensiformis Pteridium esculentum Asplenium flabellifolium Cheilanthes austrotenuifolia Clematis microphylla Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 15% 10% 5% 20% 5% 20% 1% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL Common Name Blackwood Shiny Cassinia Small-leaf Bramble Grey Willow-herb Variable Groundsel Slender Dock Bidgee-widgee Austral Cranesbill Annual Buttercup Shade Pellitory Shady Wood-sorrel Sieber Crassula Kidney-weed Stiped Wallaby-grass Common Plume-grass Sword Tussock-grass Austral Bracken Necklace Fern Green Rock Fern Small-leaved Clematis EVC 203: Stony Rises Woodland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG Sonchus oleraceus Carduus pycnocephalus Sonchus asper s.l. Cirsium vulgare Solanum nigrum sensu Willis (1972) Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Hypochoeris radicata Veronica persica Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium dubium Acetosella vulgaris Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Anthoxanthum odoratum Bromus diandrus Common Name Invasive Impact Common Sow-thistle Slender Thistle Rough Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Black Nightshade Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Cat's Ear Persian Speedwell Subterranean Clover Suckling Clover Sheep Sorrel Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Sweet Vernal-grass Great Brome high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low high low low low low low low high high low high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 283: Plains Sedgy Woodland Description: Occurs in shallow depressions associated with broad plains or floodplains. Soils are poorly drained, cracking clays which can seasonally form shallow freshwater marshes. The vegetation is an open woodland to 15 m tall, with shrubs and understorey trees generally absent, and sedges predominating in the ground layer. Herbs typical of inundated environments are present, but also grass, herb and geophyte species common to surrounding woodlands. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Allocasuarina luehmannii DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 40 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Common Name Eucalyptus leucoxylon Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus melliodora Allocasuarina luehmannii Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Yellow Gum River Red-gum Yellow Box Buloke #Spp 2 2 4 10 2 2 1 13 4 na %Cover 5% 5% 1% 15% 20% 5% 1% 1% 30% 20% 10% LF code IT MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL EVC 283: Plains Sedgy Woodland – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code MS SS PS PS LH LH LH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG TTG TTG TTG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range v Comesperma polygaloides Eutaxia microphylla Astroloma humifusum Acrotriche serrulata Eryngium ovinum Brachyscome cardiocarpa Villarsia reniformis Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Solenogyne dominii Myriocephalus rhizocephalus Hydrocotyle laxiflora Amphibromus nervosus Baumea rubiginosa s.l. Lepidosperma congestum Austrodanthonia setacea Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Schoenus apogon Chorizandra enodis Eleocharis acuta Centrolepis aristata Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Centrolepis glabra Aphelia gracilis Thysanotus patersonii Common Name Small Milkwort Common Eutaxia Cranberry Heath Honey-pots Blue Devil Swamp Daisy Running Marsh-flower Fairies' Aprons Pale Sundew Smooth Solenogyne Woolly-heads Stinking Pennywort Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Soft Twig-rush Clustered Sword-sedge Bristly Wallaby-grass Common Blown-grass Common Bog-sedge Black Bristle-sedge Common Spike-sedge Pointed Centrolepis Hairy Centrolepis Smooth Centrolepis Slender Aphelia Twining Fringe-lily Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH MH MH MTG MTG MTG MNG TTG TTG Typical Weed Species Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Hypochoeris glabra Cicendia filiformis Anagallis arvensis Romulea rosea Briza minor Vulpia bromoides Juncus capitatus Cyperus tenellus Isolepis hystrix Common Name Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Smooth Cat's-ear Slender Cicendia Pimpernel Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Capitate Rush Tiny Flat-sedge Awned Club-sedge Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high Impact low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 291: Cane Grass Wetland Description: Open-grassland, typically very species-poor except on outer verges, often with monospecific (or virtually so) cane-grass dominated centres. Occur on alluvial plains in shallow (~1 m deep) depressions, on very heavy grey clay soils, prone to turbidity when inundated (4-6 months) and extreme cracking when dry. Understorey: Lifeform Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid LF Code SH SH SH MNG MNG #Spp %Cover LF Code 2 2 10% 40% SH MNG Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Apium annuum Azolla filiculoides Lemna disperma Eleocharis acuta Eragrostis infecunda Annual Celery Pacific Azolla Common Duckweed Common Spike-sedge Southern Cane-grass Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2011 © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 292: Red Gum Swamp Description: Open woodland to 15 m tall. Occurs on alluvial plains in the seasonally wet depressions of shallow drainage lines or prior stream meanders, typically associated with heavy paludal soils, sometimes with gilgai development. The annual rainfall across its distribution is generally below 700 mm, and the period of inundation may range from 2 to 6 months. River Red Gum woodland with sedgy or grassy-herbaceous ground-layer, comprising various balances of true aquatics and species tolerant of intermittent to seasonal inundation. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid LF Code LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis 15% River Red-gum #Spp 2 7 2 2 6 2 %Cover 5% 10% 25% 1% 15% 20% 15% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Villarsia reniformis Eryngium ovinum Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Lythrum hyssopifolia Drosera peltata ssp. peltata Haloragis aspera Lobelia pratioides Solenogyne dominii Amphibromus nervosus Carex tereticaulis Juncus holoschoenus Lachnagrostis filiformis Schoenus tesquorum Isolepis fluitans Eleocharis acuta LF code IT LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG Common Name Running Marsh-flower Blue Devil Floating Pondweed Small Loosestrife Pale Sundew Rough Raspwort Poison Lobelia Smooth Solenogyne Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Hollow Sedge Joint-leaf Rush Common Blown-grass Soft Bog-sedge Floating Club-sedge Common Spike-sedge Recruitment: Episodic/Flood – desrirable period of disturbance is once every 5 years Organic Litter: 10% Cover Logs: 10m/0.1 ha Weediness: LF Code MH MNG Typical Weed Species Hypochoeris radicata Briza minor Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Cat's Ear Lesser Quaking-grass high high low low EVC 292: Red Gum Swamp - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment October 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland Description: Low shrubland to 1.5 m tall occurring in sheltered coastal areas where sand deposits have formed as a result of low energy wave action. Contains a number of halophytic species over a ground layer of grasses and herbs. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 3 1 2 2 2 1 2 2 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Atriplex cinerea Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Senecio pinnatifolius Senecio glomeratus Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Pseudognaphalium luteoalbum Actites megalocarpa Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Dichondra repens Dichelachne crinita Poa poiformis Austrofestuca littoralis Distichlis distichophylla Ficinia nodosa 20% 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 25% 10% LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range MS MS SS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MNG MNG %Cover Common Name Coast Saltbush Seaberry Saltbush Southern Sea-heath Variable Groundsel Annual Fireweed Beaded Glasswort Jersey Cudweed Coast Sow-thistle Rounded Noon-flower Kidneyweed Long-hair Plume Grass Coast Tussock-grass Coast Fescue Australian Salt-grass Knobby Club-sedge Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH MH MH MH MNG MNG Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Sonchus oleraceus Conyza albida Polycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Vulpia myuros Lagurus ovatus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Boneseed Common Sow-thistle Tall Fleabane Four-leaved Allseed Cat's Ear Pimpernel Rat's-tail Fescue Hare's-tail Grass Invasive high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low low EVC 311: Berm Grassy Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 641: Riparian Woodland Description: Occurs beside permanent streams, typically on narrow alluvial deposits. Woodland to 15 m tall generally dominated by Eucalyptus camaldulensis over a tussock grass-dominated understorey. Tall shrubs may be present and amphibious herbs may occur in occasional ponds and beside creeks. While flooding may be common, sites are rarely inundated for lengthy periods. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 20% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS SS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum #Spp 2 2 1 4 5 1 3 1 4 2 1 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Viminaria juncea Rubus parvifolius Wahlenbergia gracilis s.s. Senecio quadridentatus Myriophyllum crispatum Rumex brownii Oxalis perennans Mentha australis Acaena novae-zelandiae Dichondra repens Poa labillardierei Carex appressa Phragmites australis Lachnagrostis filiformis var. filiformis Triglochin procerum s.l. Eleocharis acuta Calystegia sepium Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 5% 15% 10% 5% 10% 5% 20% 5% 5% 10% LF code IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL Common Name Blackwood Sweet Bursaria Golden Spray Small-leaf Bramble Sprawling Bluebell Cottony Fireweed Upright Water-milfoil Slender Dock Grassland Wood-sorrel River Mint Bidgee-widgee Kidneyweed Common Tussock-grass Tall Sedge Common Reed Common Blown-grass Water-ribbons Common Spike-sedge Large Bindweed EVC 641: Riparian Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 30% cover Logs: 20m / 0.1 ha Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG SC Rosa rubiginosa Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Plantago lanceolata Helminthotheca echioides Rumex crispus Aster subulatus Rorippa palustris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Anthoxanthum odoratum Paspalum distichum Galium aparine Common Name Sweet Briar Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Ribwort Ox-tongue Curled Dock Aster-weed Marsh Yellow-cress Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Soft Brome Sweet Vernal-grass Water Couch Cleavers Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact high low high low low low low high low low high high low high high low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment April 2006 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2006 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 642: Basalt Shrubby Woodland Description: Eucalypt-dominated woodland to 15 m tall with an understorey of shrubs and grasses, presumed originally quite species-rich. Occurs on well-drained to seasonally damp fertile soils in higher rainfall areas of volcanic plain. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code T T MS MS PS PS LH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG GF Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus viminalis Swamp Gum Manna Gum #Spp 2 2 2 2 10 5 3 1 10 3 1 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia mearnsii Leptospermum continentale Acacia verticillata Bossiaea prostrata Astroloma humifusum Senecio glomeratus Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Lagenophora stipitata Oxalis exilis Kennedia prostrata Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Leptostigma reptans Austrostipa pubinodis Lepidosperma elatius Deyeuxia quadriseta Dichelachne rara Lomandra filiformis ssp. filiformis Dichelachne crinita Austrodanthonia pilosa Poa tenera Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 5% 1% 1% 15% 10% 5% 5% 25% 10% 15% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF BL S/C Common Name Blackwood Black Wattle Prickly Tea-tree Prickly Moses Creeping Bossiaea Cranberry Heath Annual Fireweed Tall Sundew Common Bottle-daisy Shady Wood-sorrel Running Postman Matted Pratia Dwarf Nertera Tall Spear-grass Tall Sword-sedge Reed Bent-grass Common Plume-grass Wattle Mat-rush Long-hair Plume-grass Velvet Wallaby-grass Slender Tussock-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken EVC 642: Basalt Shrubby Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG SNG Pinus radiata Centaurium tenuiflorum Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Gamochaeta purpurea s.s. Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Briza minor Briza maxima Anthoxanthum odoratum Aira elegantissima Cynosurus echinatus Sisyrinchium iridifolium Common Name Invasive Impact Radiata Pine Slender Centaury Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Common Centaury Spiked Cudweed Hairy Hawkbit Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Delicate Hair-grass Rough Dog's-tail Blue Pigroot high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low low low low high low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 644: Cinder Cone Woodland Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall over a diverse ground layer of grasses and herbs. Associated with tuff (volcanic ash) volcanoes. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovata 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Manna Gum Swamp Gum #Spp 1 2 2 5 1 1 2 1 2 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code T MS MS LH LH LH MH MH SH LTG MTG MTG MNG GF GF SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Leucopogon parviflorus Solanum laciniatum Senecio pinnatifolius Rumex brownii Epilobium billardierianum Acaena novae-zelandiae Geranium potentilloides Dichondra repens Poa labillardierei Lomandra filiformis Dianella revoluta s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Pellaea falcata s.l. Clematis aristata Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 10% 5% 10% 1% 20% 5% 1% 20% 1% 10% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF SC BL 85% Common Name Blackwood Coast Beard-heath Large Kangaroo Apple Variable Groundsel Wiry Dock Variable Willow-herb Bidgee-widgee Cinquefoil Cranesbill Kidney-weed Common Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Weeping Grass Austral Bracken Sickle Fern Mountain Clematis EVC 644: Cinder Cone Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MS MH MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Lycium ferocissimum Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Romulea rosea Holcus lanatus Common Name African Box-thorn Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Onion Grass Yorkshire Fog Invasive high high high high high Impact high low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland Description: Occurs in seasonally wet depressions on volcanic and sedimentary plains, typically associated with fertile, silty, peaty or heavy clay paludal soils. Primarily sedgy-herbaceous vegetation, sometimes with scattered or fringing eucalypts or tea-tree/paperbark shrubs in higher rainfall areas. A range of aquatic herbs can be present, and species-richness is mostly relatively low to moderate, but higher towards drier margins. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid LF Code LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG #Spp 2 5 5 2 1 4 2 %Cover 5% 40% 10% 5% 5% 25% 5% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Epilobium billardierianum Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Myriophyllum simulans Stellaria angustifolia Lilaeopsis polyantha Neopaxia australasica Lobelia pratioides v Helichrysum aff. rutidolepis (Lowland Swamps) Eryngium vesiculosum Carex tereticaulis k Lachnagrostis filiformis (perennial variety) Lachnagrostis filiformis Glyceria australis Eleocharis acuta v Amphibromus sinuatus LF code LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG Common Name Variable Willow-herb Floating Pondweed Amphibious Water-milfoil Swamp Starwort Australian Lilaeopsis White Purslane Poison Lobelia Pale Swamp Everlasting Prickfoot Hollow Sedge Wetland Blown-grass Common Blown-grass Australian Sweet-grass Common Spike-sedge Wavy Swamp Wallaby-grass Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha.(where trees are overhanging the wetland) Weediness: LF Code MTG Typical Weed Species Juncus bulbosus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Bulbous Rush Invasive high Impact high EVC 647: Plains Sedgy Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland Description: Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurs on low stony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severe summer dryness. + woodland only components (ignore when assessing treeless areas and standardise final score as appropriate) Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species 15% Common Name Allocasuarina verticillata Bursaria spinosa Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Tiny Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Drooping Sheoak Sweet Bursaria #Spp 3 1 2 11 4 10 2 2 2 na na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG TTG MNG GF GF SC Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 10% 1% 1% 10% 5% 25% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% 85% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Acacia paradoxa Kennedia prostrata Senecio quadridentatus Senecio glomeratus Oxalis perennans Rumex brownii Hypericum gramineum Acaena ovina Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Crassula sieberiana Themeda triandra Poa sieberiana Austrodanthonia caespitosa Austrodanthonia setacea Carex breviculmis Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Adiantum aethiopicum Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Common N Tree Violet Hedge Wattle Running Postm Cotton Firewe Annual Firewe Grassland Wo Slender Dock Small St John’ Australian She Kidneyweed Stinking Penny Sieber Crassul Kangaroo Gras Grey TussockCommon Wall Bristly Wallaby Short-stem Se Weeping Gras Austral Bracke Common Maid Pink Bindweed EVC 649: Stony Knoll Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Logs+: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MS MS SS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG SC Schinus molle Lycium ferocissimum Genista monspessulana Marrubium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Helminthotheca echioides Lactuca serriola Sisymbrium officinale Sonchus asper s.l. Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Echium plantagineum Centaurium tenuiflorum Foeniculum vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium arvense var. arvense Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium campestre var. campestre Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Lotus suaveolens Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Medicago polymorpha Trifolium glomeratum Modiola caroliniana Aptenia cordifolia Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Avena fatua Nassella trichotoma Ehrharta longiflora Briza maxima Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Sporobolus africanus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides Lolium perenne Dactylis glomerata Vulpia myuros Bromus rubens Avena barbata Aira caryophyllea Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Name Invasive Impact Pepper Tree African Box-thorn Montpellier Broom Horehound Common Sow-thistle Ox-tongue Prickly Lettuce Hedge Mustard Rough Sow-thistle Great Mullein Paterson's Curse Slender Centaury Fennel Cat's Ear Hare's-foot Clover Subterranean Clover Hop Clover Narrow-leaf Clover Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Burr Medic Cluster Clover Red-flower Mallow Heart-leaf Ice-plant Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Wild Oat Serrated Tussock Annual Veldt-grass Large Quaking-grass Soft Brome Rat-tail Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass False Hair-grass Perennial Rye-grass Cocksfoot Rat's-tail Fescue Red Brome Bearded Oat Silvery Hair-grass Common Vetch high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high high high high low low low low low high high low high low low low low low low low low low low high high high low high low low low high low low low low high low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 649_61: Treed Stony Knoll Shrubland Description: Stony Knoll Shrubland is a shrubland to 3 m tall or low non-eucalypt woodland to 8 m tall with a grassy understorey. It occurs on low stony rises on basalt flows. The soils are fertile and well drained but shallow with out cropping rock, causing severe summer dryness. Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% Allocasuarina verticillata Bursaria spinosa Drooping Sheoak Sweet Bursaria Understorey: Lifeform Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Tiny Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS PS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG TTG #Spp %Cover LF Code 3 1 2 11 4 10 2 2 2 10% 1% 1% 10% 5% 25% 5% 5% 5% MS PS LH MH SH MTG MNG TTG GF 10% 10% BL S/C Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia paradoxa Melicytus dentatus s.l. Kennedia prostrata Senecio glomeratus Senecio quadridentatus Acaena ovina Hypericum gramineum Oxalis perennans Rumex brownii Crassula sieberiana s.l. Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Austrodanthonia caespitosa Austrodanthonia setacea Poa sieberiana Themeda triandra Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Carex breviculmis Hedge Wattle Tree Violet Running Postman Annual Fireweed Cotton Fireweed Australian Sheep's Burr Small St John's Wort Grassland Wood-sorrel Slender Dock Sieber Crassula Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Common Wallaby-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Grey Tussock-grass Kangaroo Grass Weeping Grass Common Grass-sedge Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark EVC 649_61: Treed Stony Knoll Shrubland LF Code GF GF Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Adiantum aethiopicum Pteridium esculentum Common Maidenhair Austral Bracken Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1ha. (note: large log class does not apply). Weediness: LF Code LTG MTG MTG MTG MS LH LH LNG T MS SH LH SS MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MH MH MH MH LH LH MH LH MTG LH LH SH SH SH LNG MTG MH LH MH SC Typical Weed Species Phalaris aquatica Nassella trichotoma Dactylis glomerata Sporobolus africanus Genista monspessulana Foeniculum vulgare Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus Holcus lanatus Schinus molle Lycium ferocissimum Aptenia cordifolia Echium plantagineum Marrubium vulgare Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Pentaschistis airoides subsp. airoides Lolium perenne Vulpia myuros Bromus rubens Avena barbata Aira caryophyllea Lotus subbiflorus Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Trifolium campestre var. campestre Trifolium arvense var. arvense Sonchus asper s.l. Sisymbrium officinale Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium tenuiflorum Briza maxima Helminthotheca echioides Lactuca serriola Medicago polymorpha Trifolium glomeratum Modiola caroliniana Avena fatua Ehrharta longiflora Trifolium subterraneum Sonchus oleraceus Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark Common Name Invasive Impact Toowoomba Canary-grass Serrated Tussock Cocksfoot Rat-tail Grass Montpellier Broom Fennel Great Mullein Yorkshire Fog Pepper Tree African Box-thorn Heart-leaf Ice-plant Paterson's Curse Horehound Soft Brome Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass False Hair-grass Perennial Rye-grass Rat's-tail Fescue Red Brome Bearded Oat Silvery Hair-grass Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Narrow-leaf Clover high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low Hop Clover Hare's-foot Clover Rough Sow-thistle Hedge Mustard Cat's Ear Slender Centaury Large Quaking-grass Ox-tongue Prickly Lettuce Burr Medic Cluster Clover Red-flower Mallow Wild Oat Annual Veldt-grass Subterranean Clover Common Sow-thistle Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Common Vetch high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with ground layer dominated by tussock grasses, sedges and herbs. Shrubs are often scattered throughout. Occurs on poorly drained, seasonally waterlogged heavy soils. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus ovata 10% Swamp Gum #Spp 1 4 3 8 5 3 1 7 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Melaleuca gibbosa Leptospermum continentale Ozothamnus ferrugineus Allocasuarina paludosa Senecio tenuiflorus Villarsia reniformis Asperula conferta Centella cordifolia Lobelia anceps Acaena novae-zelandiae Eryngium vesiculosum Oxalis exilis R r Lobelia beaugleholei Hypericum japonicum Gahnia trifida Carex appressa Poa labillardierei var. labillardierei Poa clelandii Lomandra filiformis Themeda triandra Poa tenera Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 15% 5% 20% 5% 30% 1% 10% 5% 20% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Common Name Blackwood Slender Honey-myrtle Prickly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Scrub Sheoak Slender Fireweed Running Marsh-flower Common Woodruff Centella Angled Lobelia Bidgee-widgee Prickfoot Shady Wood-sorrel Showy Lobelia Matted St John's Wort Coast Saw-sedge Tall Sedge Common Tussock-grass Noah's Ark Wattle Mat-rush Kangaroo Grass Slender Tussock-grass Mat Grass EVC 651: Plains Swampy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus asper s.l. Cirsium vulgare Trifolium dubium Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Festuca arundinacea Holcus lanatus Briza minor Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Anthoxanthum odoratum Holcus setosus Juncus capitatus Cyperus tenellus Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Rough Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Suckling Clover Cat's Ear Self-heal Hairy Hawkbit Tall Fescue Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Sweet Vernal-grass Annual Fog Capitate Rush Tiny Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low low low low high high low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 652: Lunette Woodland Description: An open, eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall with a grassy and herb-rich understorey. Occupies on generally fertile, relatively welldrained, clay-loam soils on source-bordering lunettes. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 80 cm #/ha 8 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS SS PS PS MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis Eucalyptus melliodora 10% River Red Gum Yellow Box #Spp 1 3 2 1 3 8 3 2 12 2 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia paradoxa Pimelea humilis Astroloma humifusum Bossiaea prostrata Oxalis perennans Gonocarpus tetragynus Acaena echinata Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle laxiflora Austrostipa mollis Austrostipa bigeniculata Elymus scaber var. scaber Austrodanthonia setacea Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Tricoryne elatior Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 10% 1% 1% 5% 15% 5% 5% 45% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL S/C Common Name Golden Wattle Hedge Wattle Common Rice-flower Cranberry Heath Creeping Bossiaea Grassland Wood-sorrel Common Raspwort Sheep's Burr Kidney-weed Stinking Pennywort Supple Spear-grass Kneed Spear-grass Common Wheat-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Yellow Rush-lily Weeping Grass EVC 652: Lunette Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code MS LH LH LH MH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Lycium ferocissimum Cirsium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Plantago lanceolata Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Briza minor Briza maxima Common Name African Box-thorn Spear Thistle Common Sow-thistle Ribwort Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Invasive high high high high high high high high high high Impact high high low low low high low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland Description: Herbland of permanent to semi-permanent wetlands, dominated by sedges (especially on shallower verges) and/or aquatic herbs. Occurs on fertile paludal soils, typically heavy clays beneath organic accumulations. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp 2 5 2 1 4 2 Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG %Cover 10% 40% 10% 5% 10% 10% LF code LH MH SH LNG MTG MNG 85% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Villarsia reniformis Myriophyllum simulans Potamogeton tricarinatus s.l. Potamogeton pectinatus Marsilea drummondii Azolla filiculoides Lobelia pratioides Lemna disperma Eleocharis sphacelata Triglochin procerum s.l. Lachnagrostis filiformis Glyceria australis Austrodanthonia duttoniana Eleocharis pusilla Eleocharis acuta Common Name Running Marsh-flower Amphibious Water-milfoil Floating Pondweed Fennel Pondweed Common Nardoo Pacific Azolla Poison Lobelia Duckweed Tall Spike-sedge Water Ribbons Common Blown-grass Australian Sweet-grass Brown-back Wallaby-grass Small Spike-sedge Common Spike-sedge Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code LH LH MH MH MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Aster subulatus Rumex crispus Plantago coronopus Cotula coronopifolia Lolium rigidum Romulea rosea Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Aster-weed Curled Dock Buck's-horn Plantain Water Buttons Wimmera Rye-grass Onion Grass Invasive high high high high high high Impact low low high high low low EVC 653: Aquatic Herbland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland Description: Creekline Tussock Grassland occurs along low gradient ephemeral and intermittent drainage lines across the volcanic plains. Soils are generally fertile heavy dark clays. Exposed basalt rocks can be common. Dominated by a dense sward of Common Tussock-grass Poa labillardierei primarily with small herbs and typically mat-forming grasses in the inter-tussock spaces. This EVC often includes small areas of sedgeland and/or wetland. Life forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code LH LH LH MH LH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG #Spp 4 8 11 3 10 4 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Senecio quadridentatus Senecio tenuiflorus Craspedia glauca spp. agg. Calocephalus lacteus Brachyscome basaltica var. gracilis Microseris sp. 1 Haloragis heterophylla Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides Lobelia pratioides Crassula helmsii Poa labillardierei Carex tereticaulis Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Austrodanthonia duttoniana Austrodanthonia caespitosa Lachnagrostis filiformis Juncus planifolius Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Distichlis distichophylla Hemarthria uncinata var. uncinata Eleocharis acuta Recruitment: Episodic – fire/grazing – desirable period of disturbance is every 10 years Organic Litter: 10% Cover Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 10% 40% 10% 10% 20% LF code LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Cottony Fireweed Narrow-leaf Groundesl Common Billy-buttons Milky Beaty-heads Woodland Swamp-daisy Yam Daisy Varied Raspwort Kidneyweed Shining Pennywort Poison Lobelia Swamp Crassula Common Tussock-grass Rush Sedge Sea Rush Brown-back Wallaby-grass Common Wallaby-grass Common Blown-grass Broad-leaf Rush Weeping Grass Australian Salt Grass Mat Grass Common Spike-sedge EVC 654: Creekline Tussock Grassland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH MH LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG Rumex crispus Lotus suaveolens Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Hypochoeris radicata Holcus lanatus Phalaris aquatica Anthoxanthum odoratum Paspalum distichum Agrostis capillaris Common Name Curled Dock Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Hairy Hawkbit Cat's Ear Yorkshire Fog Toowoomba Canary-grass Sweet Vernal-grass Water Couch Brown-top Bent Invasive high high high high high high high high high Impact low high low low high high high high high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 655: Lignum Cane Grass Swamp Description: Shrubland to 2 m tall, typically very species-poor except on outer verges. May include species typical of more saline areas. Occurs in low rainfall areas (<500 mm per annum) in shallow (to 1 m deep) depressions, on very heavy grey clay soils, prone to turbidity when inundated (4-6 months) and extreme cracking when dry. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Soil Crust Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 1 2 3 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Muehlenbeckia florulenta Wilsonia rotundifolia Eragrostis infecunda Eleocharis acuta Triglochin striatum MS PS MNG MNG MNG Recruitment: Episodic/Flood. Desirable period between disturbances is 5 years. Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 25% 10% 40% 10% 75% LF code MS PS MNG S/C Common Name Tangled Lignum Round-leaf Wilsonia Southern Cane-grass Common Spike-sedge Streaked Arrow-grass EVC 655: Lignum Cane Grass Swamp Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 656: Brackish Wetland Description: Treeless EVC dominated by sedges and herbs that are generally indicative of saline conditions. True halophytic species such as samphires, if present, only occur with very low cover. Occurs in estuaries and along poorly defined drainage lines or associated with shorelines of brackish lakes. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Soil Crust #Spp 1 3 3 1 2 2 3 1 na Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code Species typical of at least part of EVC range Persicaria decipiens Epilobium billardierianum ssp. billardierianum Sarcocornia quinqueflora Samolus repens Suaeda australis Selliera radicans Crassula helmsii Mimulus repens Gahnia filum Juncus kraussii ssp. australiensis Phragmites australis Poa poiformis Lachnagrostis filiformis Bolboschoenus caldwellii Distichlis distichophylla Schoenoplectus pungens Triglochin striatum Calystegia sepium LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG SC Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 15% 10% 10% 10% 5% 15% 1% 10% LF code LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC S/C 80% Common Name Slender Knotweed Smooth Willow-herb Beaded Glasswort Creeping Brookweed Austral Seablite Shiny Swamp-mat Swamp Crassula Creeping Monkey-flower Chaffy Saw-sedge Sea Rush Common Reed Coast Tussock-grass Common Blown-grass Salt Club-sedge Australian Salt-grass Sharp Club-sedge Streaked Arrowgrass Large Bindweed EVC 656: Brackish Wetland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 705: Basalt Creekline Shrubby Woodland Description: Shrub-dominated low eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall, with a range of grasses, sedges and herbs in the understorey. Occurs on heavy soils along low-gradient boggy drainage lines on relatively high rainfall volcanic plains. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code T MS MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus ovata Swamp Gum #Spp 1 4 2 8 5 2 7 2 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Acacia verticillata Leptospermum continentale Ozothamnus ferrugineus Coprosma quadrifida Epilobium billardierianum Villarsia reniformis Centella cordifolia Lilaeopsis polyantha Utricularia dichotoma s.l. Eryngium vesiculosum Neopaxia australasica Lobelia pratioides Hypericum japonicum Juncus flavidus Amphibromus nervosus Poa labillardierei Glyceria australis Juncus holoschoenus Austrodanthonia duttoniana Eleocharis acuta Eleocharis pusilla Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 15% 5% 15% 10% 15% 20% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG BL Common Name Blackwood Prickly Moses Prickly Tea-tree Tree Everlasting Prickly Currant-bush Variable Willow-herb Running Marsh-flower Centella Australian Lilaeopsis Fairies' Aprons Prickfoot White Purslane Poison Lobelia Matted St John's Wort Gold Rush Common Swamp Wallaby-grass Common Tussock-grass Australian Sweet-grass Joint-leaf Rush Brown-back Wallaby-grass Common Spike-sedge Small Spike-sedge EVC 705: Basalt Creekline Shrubby Woodland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 20 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG TTG Plantago lanceolata Sonchus oleraceus Sonchus asper s.l. Cirsium vulgare Trifolium dubium Hypochoeris radicata Prunella vulgaris Leontodon taraxacoides ssp. taraxacoides Festuca arundinacea Holcus lanatus Briza minor Romulea rosea Vulpia bromoides Anthoxanthum odoratum Holcus setosus Juncus capitatus Cyperus tenellus Common Name Invasive Impact Ribwort Common Sow-thistle Rough Sow-thistle Spear Thistle Suckling Clover Cat's Ear Self-heal Hairy Hawkbit Tall Fescue Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Onion Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Sweet Vernal-grass Annual Fog Capitate Rush Tiny Flat-sedge high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low high low low high low high high low low low high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 710: Damp Heathland Description: Developed on sites of intermittent waterlogging, typically wet in winter and dry in summer, with low nutrient availability. Closed tall heathland, or scrub if long unburnt. There is a dense ground layer of rushes and sedges, and sometimes emergent eucalypts. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code #Spp 6 5 2 6 2 1 1 4 3 2 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Banksia marginata Leptospermum myrsinoides Pultenaea stricta Hibbertia fasciculata var. prostrata Dillwynia glaberrima Leucopogon glacialis Xanthosia dissecta s.l. Gonocarpus tetragynus Argentipallium obtusifolium Drosera peltata ssp. auriculata Drosera pygmaea Patersonia fragilis Schoenus apogon Hypolaena fastigiata Leptocarpus tenax Baumea juncea Cassytha pubescens s.s. Cassytha glabella MS MS MS MS SS SS SS SS PS MH MH MH SH MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG SC SC Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20% cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 30% 20% 5% 10% 1% 5% 1% 15% 20% 5% 10% 10% LF code MS SS PS MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC BL S/C Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Silver Banksia Heath Tea-tree Rigid Bush-pea Bundled Guinea-flower Smooth Parrot-pea Twisted Beard-heath Cut-leaf Xanthosia Common Raspwort Blunt Everlasting Tall Sundew Tiny Sundew Short Purple-flag Common Bog-sedge Tassel Rope-rush Slender Twine-rush Bare Twig-sedge Downy Dodder-laurel Slender Dodder-laurel EVC 710: Damp Heathland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland Description: Woodland to 10 m tall with tall dense heathy understorey which becomes tall scrub if long unburnt in high rainfall areas. The ground layer consists of grasses, herbs, small shrubs and tough-leaved monocots. Developed on sandy soils of moderate to low fertility, typically wet in winter due to impeding layer in soil and dry in summer. Large trees: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 60 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code MS MS MS MS SS SS PS PS MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Eucalyptus ovata Eucalyptus willisii Manna Gum Swamp Gum Jimmy’s Shining Peppermint #Spp 6 2 2 3 6 4 3 2 11 3 na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Leptospermum continentale Epacris impressa Acacia verticillata ssp. verticillata Allocasuarina paludosa Leucopogon virgatus Hibbertia riparia Astroloma humifusum Bossiaea prostrata Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Opercularia varia Lobelia pratioides Lobelia pedunculata s.l. Dichondra repens Deyeuxia quadriseta Xanthorrhoea minor ssp. lutea Lepidosperma longitudinale Gahnia radula Dianella tasmanica Schoenus apogon Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Lepidosperma laterale var. laterale Lepyrodia muelleri Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 40% 10% 1% 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 20% 15% 10% LF code IT MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL Common Name Prickly Tea-tree Common Heath Prickly Moses Scrub Sheoak Common Beard-heath Erect Guinea-flower Cranberry Heath Creeping Bossiaea Ivy-leaf Violet Variable Stinkweed Poison Lobelia Matted Pratia Kidney-weed Reed Bent-grass Small Grass-tree Pithy Sword-sedge Thatch Saw-sedge Tasman Flax-lily Common Bog-sedge Stiped Wallaby-grass Variable Sword-sedge Common Scale-rush Weeping Grass EVC 793: Damp Heathy Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Episodic/Fire. Desirable period between disturbances is 30 years. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code LH MH MH LNG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Cirsium vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Centaurium erythraea Holcus lanatus Briza minor Anthoxanthum odoratum Common Name Invasive Impact Spear Thistle Cat's Ear Common Centaury Yorkshire Fog Lesser Quaking-grass Sweet Vernal-grass high high high high high high high low low high low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. EVC 55 Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland) Description: Grassy or sedgy woodland to 15 m tall with large inter-tussock spaces potentially supporting a range of annual or geophytic herbs adapted to low summer rainfall, with low overall biomass. Mostly occurs on terrain of low relief in areas receiving <600 mm rainfall per annum. Fertile, sometimes seasonally waterlogged, mostly silty, loamy or clay topsoils, with heavy subsoils, derived largely from former Quaternary swamp deposits. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Allocasuarina luehmannii DBH(cm) 70 cm 40 cm Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Immature Canopy Tree Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark 15 / ha Common Name Eucalyptus microcarpa Allocasuarina luehmannii Eucalyptus melliodora Eucalyptus leucoxylon Understorey: Life form #/ha Grey Box Buloke Yellow Box Yellow Gum #Spp 2 2 1 1 20 4 1 1 16 3 na na %Cover 5% 5% 5% 1% 1% 20% 10% 1% 1% 45% 5% 10% 10% LF code IT MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG BL S/C EVC 803: Plains Woodland (syn. EVC 55 Riverina Plains Grassy Woodland) - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion LF Code MS MS SS PS LH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG TTG TTG EP SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia pycnantha Acacia acinacea s.l. Eutaxia microphylla var. microphylla Astroloma humifusum Senecio quadridentatus Acaena echinata Plantago gaudichaudii Maireana enchylaenoides Calocephalus citreus Solenogyne dominii Oxalis perennans Daucus glochidiatus Goodenia pinnatifida Austrostipa bigeniculata Austrostipa scabra Austrodanthonia setacea Dianella revoluta s.s. Austrodanthonia caespitosa Wurmbea dioica Centrolepis strigosa ssp. strigosa Centrolepis aristata Amyema miquelii Thysanotus patersonii Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG Sonchus oleraceus Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Hypochoeris glabra Arctotheca calendula Petrorhagia velutina Trifolium dubium Anagallis arvensis Trifolium glomeratum Avena fatua Romulea rosea Briza minor Briza maxima Lolium rigidum Vulpia bromoides Vulpia myuros Juncus capitatus Bromus rubens Common Name Common Sow-thistle Cat's Ear Narrow-leaf Clover Smooth Cat's-ear Cape Weed Velvety Pink Suckling Clover Pimpernel Cluster Clover Wild Oat Onion Grass Lesser Quaking-grass Large Quaking-grass Wimmera Rye-grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Rat's-tail Fescue Capitate Rush Red Brome Common Name Golden Wattle Gold-dust Wattle Common Eutaxia Cranberry Heath Cotton Fireweed Sheep's Burr Narrow Plantain Wingless Bluebush Lemon Beauty-heads Smooth Solenogyne Grassland Wood-sorrel Austral Carrot Cut-leaf Goodenia Kneed Spear-grass Rough Spear-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Black-anther Flax-lily Common Wallaby-grass Common Early Nancy Hairy Centrolepis Pointed Centrolepis Box Mistletoe Twining Fringe-lily Pink Bindweed Invasive high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high Impact low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 821: Tall Marsh Description: Closed to open grassland/sedgeland to 3 m tall, dominated by Common Reed and Cumbungi. Small aquatic and semi-aquatic species occur amongst the reeds. Occurs on Quaternary sedimentary geology of mainly estuarine sands, soils are peaty, silty clays, and average annual rainfall is approximately 600 mm. It requires shallow water (to 1 m deep) and low current-scour, and can only tolerate very low levels of salinity. Life Forms: Life form Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid #Spp %Cover LF code 3 2 6 1 2 1 10% 5% 10% 5% 40% 1% LH MH SH LTG LNG MNG Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code LH LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG LNG LNG MNG MNG 70% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Myriophyllum verrucosum Myriophyllum salsugineum Villarsia reniformis Rumex bidens Lilaeopsis polyantha Lepilaena bilocularis Lemna disperma Azolla filiculoides Wolffia australiana Mimulus repens Triglochin procerum s.l. Juncus ingens Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Phragmites australis Typha domingensis Typha orientalis Lepilaena cylindrocarpa Eleocharis acuta Red Water-milfoil Lake Water-milfoil Running Marsh-flower Mud Dock Australian Lilaeopsis Small-fruit Water-mat Common Duckweed Pacific Azolla Tiny Duckweed Creeping Monkey-flower Water Ribbons Giant Rush River Club-sedge Common Reed Cumbungi Broad-leaf Cumbungi Long-fruit Water-mat Common Spike-sedge Recruitment: Episodic/Flood: desirable period of disturbance is every five years Organic Litter: 10% cover Weediness: LF Code MH MNG Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Cotula coronopifolia Paspalum distichum Water Buttons Water Couch high high high high Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 821: Tall Marsh - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland Description: Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall may sometimes be present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters. + eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrublands and standardise site condition score as required) Large trees+: Species DBH(cm) Eucalyptus spp. 70 cm #/ha 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover+: %cover Character Species 10% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree+ Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber LF Code T T MS MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MNG MNG SC Common Name Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum #Spp 2 4 3 12 4 3 3 10 5 2 Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Leptospermum lanigerum Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Callistemon sieberi Persicaria decipiens Epilobium billardierianum Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle verticillata Oxalis perennans Crassula helmsii Dichondra repens Apium prostratum ssp. prostratum Hydrocotyle verticillata Poa labillardierei Lomandra longifolia Phragmites australis Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Triglochin procerum s.l. Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Ficinia nodosa Calystegia sepium Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 10% 20% 5% 20% 10% 10% 10% 15% 10% 5% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC Common Name Black Wattle Blackwood Woolly Tea-tree Tree Violet Sweet Bursaria River Bottlebrush Slender Knotweed Variable Willow-herb Bidgee-widgee Shield Pennywort Grassland Wood-sorrel Swamp Crassula Kidney-weed Sea Celery Shield Pennywort Common Tussock-grass Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Reed River Club-sedge Water Ribbons Weeping Grass Knobby Club-sedge Large Bindweed EVC 851: Stream Bank Shrubland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MS MS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG MNG SC SC Crataegus monogyna Rosa rubiginosa Ulex europaeus Plantago lanceolata Rumex crispus Sonchus oleraceus Rumex conglomeratus Sonchus asper s.l. Helminthotheca echioides Aster subulatus Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Trifolium dubium Plantago major Trifolium repens var. repens Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Vulpia bromoides Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Nassella neesiana Bromus diandrus Lolium perenne Romulea rosea Bromus catharticus Briza maxima Briza minor Cynosurus echinatus Dactylis glomerata Avena barbata Paspalum distichum Galium aparine Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Name Invasive Impact Hawthorn Sweet Briar Gorse Ribwort Curled Dock Common Sow-thistle Clustered Dock Rough Sow-thistle Ox-tongue Aster-weed Cat's Ear Narrow-leaf Clover Suckling Clover Greater Plantain White Clover Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Squirrel-tail Fescue Soft Brome Chilean Needle-grass Great Brome Perennial Rye-grass Onion Grass Prairie Grass Large Quaking-grass Lesser Quaking-grass Rough Dog's-tail Cocksfoot Bearded Oat Water Couch Cleavers Common Vetch high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low low high high low low high low low low low low low low high low high low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland Description: Tall shrubland to 8 m tall above a ground layer of sedges and herbs. A sparse eucalypt overstorey to 15 m tall is present. Occurs along rivers and major streams where the watercourse consists of either rocky banks, a flat rocky stream bed or broad gravel banks which are often dry but are also regularly flooded by fast flowing waters. Large Trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 10 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 10% Eucalyptus camaldulensis River Red-gum Understorey: Lifeform Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark #Spp %Cover LF Code 2 4 3 12 4 3 3 10 5 2 5% 10% 20% 5% 20% 10% 10% 10% 15% 10% 5% IT T MS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG SC EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland LF Code T T MS MS MS MS LH LH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LTG LNG LNG MTG MNG MNG SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia mearnsii Acacia melanoxylon Bursaria spinosa subsp. spinosa Callistemon sieberi Leptospermum lanigerum Melicytus dentatus s.l. Epilobium billardierianum Persicaria decipiens Acaena novae-zelandiae Hydrocotyle verticillata Oxalis perennans Apium prostratum subsp. prostratum Crassula helmsii Dichondra repens Hydrocotyle verticillata Lomandra longifolia Poa labillardierei Phragmites australis Schoenoplectus tabernaemontani Triglochin procera s.l. Ficinia nodosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Calystegia sepium subsp. roseata Black Wattle Blackwood Sweet Bursaria River Bottlebrush Woolly Tea-tree Tree Violet Variable Willow-herb Slender Knotweed Bidgee-widgee Shield Pennywort Grassland Wood-sorrel Sea Celery Swamp Crassula Kidney-weed Shield Pennywort Spiny-headed Mat-rush Common Tussock-grass Common Reed River Club-sedge Water Ribbons Knobby Club-sedge Weeping Grass Large Bindweed Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1ha. Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species LTG T MS MTG MNG MNG LNG MS MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG SH MH MH MH Phalaris aquatica Crataegus monogyna Ulex europaeus Nassella neesiana Paspalum distichum Dactylis glomerata Holcus lanatus Rosa rubiginosa Vulpia bromoides Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Bromus diandrus Lolium perenne Romulea rosea Briza maxima Trifolium repens var. repens Plantago major Trifolium dubium Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Hypochoeris radicata Aster subulatus Helminthotheca echioides MH LH LH Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark Common Name Toowoomba Canary-grass Hawthorn Gorse Chilean Needle-grass Water Couch Cocksfoot Yorkshire Fog Sweet Briar Squirrel-tail Fescue Soft Brome Great Brome Perennial Rye-grass Onion Grass Large Quaking-grass White Clover Greater Plantain Suckling Clover Narrow-leaf Clover Cat's Ear Aster-weed Ox-tongue Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low high high high low low low EVC 851_61: Treed Stream Bank Shrubland Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MNG MNG LH SC MTG LH LH LH MTG LH SC Cynosurus echinatus Avena barbata Rumex conglomeratus Galium aparine Bromus catharticus Plantago lanceolata Rumex crispus Sonchus oleraceus Briza minor Sonchus asper s.l. Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Common Name Rough Dog's-tail Bearded Oat Clustered Dock Cleavers Prairie Grass Ribwort Curled Dock Common Sow-thistle Lesser Quaking-grass Rough Sow-thistle Common Vetch Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub Description: Near-coastal, deep calcareous (alkaline) and largely stable sand dunes and swales commonly dominated by Moonah Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata. It occurs at low elevations of 20-60 m above sea level, average annual rainfall is approximately 550950 mm, and it occurs on a variety of geologies and soil types. Low woodland or tall shrubland to 8 m tall, typically with a medium shrub layer, small shrub layer and sedges, grasses and herbs in the ground layer. Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 30% Common Name Melaleuca lanceolata ssp. lanceolata Allocasuarina verticillata Leptospermum laevigatum Bursaria spinosa ssp. spinosa Understorey: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Prostrate Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Moonah Drooping Sheoak Coast Tea-tree Sweet Bursaria #Spp %Cover LF code 3 1 1 2 5 2 1 4 1 2 na 20% 1% 5% 1% 10% 5% 5% 10% 5% 1% 20% MS SS PS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG SC BL Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code MS MS MS SS PS MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG SC SC 85% Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Acacia longifolia ssp. sophorae Leucopogon parviflorus Acacia retinodes var. uncifolia Hibbertia sericea s.l. Acrotriche prostrata Lagenophora stipitata Geranium potentilloides Acaena novae-zelandiae Dichondra repens Oxalis exilis Lomandra longifolia Dianella revoluta s.l. Carex breviculmis Elymus scaber var. scaber Austrodanthonia setacea Ficinia nodosa Clematis microphylla Comesperma volubile Coast Wattle Coast Beard-heath Coast Wirilda Silky Guinea-flower Trailing Ground-berry Common Bottle-daisy Cinquefoil Cranesbill Bidgee-widgee Kidney-weed Shady Wood-sorrel Spiny-headed Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Common Grass-sedge Common Wheat-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Knobby Club-sedge Small-leaved Clematis Love Creeper Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark EVC 858: Coastal Alkaline Scrub – Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 40 % cover Logs: 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code MS MS LNG MTG MNG MNG Typical Weed Species Common Name Invasive Impact Rhamnus alaternus Chrysanthemoides monilifera Holcus lanatus Catapodium rigidum Lagurus ovatus Vulpia spp. Italian Buckthorn Boneseed Yorkshire Fog Fern Grass Hare's-tail Grass Fescue low high high high high high high high high low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment November 2007 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2007 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 894: Scoria Cone Woodland Description: Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt woodland to 10 m tall over a grassy to bracken-dominated understorey with a range of herbs. Occurs on the slopes of freely-draining scoria cones and spatter areas of more coarse boulder-forming flow sources. Soils are fertile but often skeletal. Large trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. Allocasuarina spp. DBH(cm) 70 cm 40 cm #/ha 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species 15% Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code T MS LH LH LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MNG GF Common Name Eucalyptus viminalis Allocasuarina verticillata Manna Gum Drooping Sheoak #Spp 1 2 3 6 3 1 4 1 2 na na Species typical of at least part of EVC range Acacia melanoxylon Bursaria spinosa Senecio pinnatifolius Rumex brownii Senecio quadridentatus Acaena novae-zelandiae Geranium potentilloides Acaena echinata Viola hederacea sensu Willis (1972) Dichondra repens Oxalis exilis Poa labillardierei Lomandra filiformis Dianella revoluta s.l. Carex breviculmis Austrodanthonia pilosa Microlaena stipoides var. stipoides Pteridium esculentum Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark %Cover 5% 5% 10% 5% 10% 5% 15% 15% 5% 20% 10% 10% LF code IT T MS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG GF BL S/C Common Name Blackwood Sweet Bursaria Variable Groundsel Wiry Dock Cotton Fireweed Bidgee-widgee Cinquefoil Cranesbill Sheep’s Burr Ivy-leaf Violet Kidney-weed Shady Wood-sorrel Common Tussock-grass Wattle Mat-rush Black-anther Flax-lily Short-stem Sedge Velvet Wallaby-grass Weeping Grass Austral Bracken EVC 894: Scoria Cone Woodland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 10 m/0.1 ha Weediness: LF Code MS MH MTG MTG MTG Typical Weed Species Lycium ferocissimum Hypochoeris radicata Briza maxima Romulea rosea Holcus lanatus Common Name Invasive Impact African Box-thorn Cat's Ear Large Quaking-grass Onion Grass Yorkshire Fog high high high high high high low low low high Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland Description: Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or noneucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common. + eucalypt woodland only components (ignore when assessing shrubland areas and standardise site condition score as required) Large trees+: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Understorey: Life form Immature Canopy Tree+ Understorey Tree or Large Shrub+ Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust LF Code MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Common Name Acacia implexa Allocasuarina verticillata Acacia mearnsii Bursaria spinosa Eucalyptus viminalis ssp. viminalis 15% Lightwood Drooping Sheoak Black Wattle Sweet Bursaria Manna Gum #Spp 3 3 2 3 4 5 1 1 9 3 1 1 na na %Cover LF code 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 25% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% Species typical of at least part of EVC range r Rhagodia parabolica Hymenanthera dentata s.l. Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Oxalis perennans Maireana enchylaenoides Einadia nutans ssp. nutans Chamaesyce drummondii Dichondra repens Austrostipa bigeniculata Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Austrodanthonia setacea Panicum effusum Cheilanthes distans Clematis microphylla Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C Common Name Fragrant Saltbush Tree Violet Ruby Saltbush Tufted Bluebell Grassland Wood-sorrel Wingless Bluebush Nodding Saltbush Flat Spurge Kidney-weed Kneed Spear-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Hairy Panic Bristly Cloak-fern Small-leaved Clematis Pink Bindweed EVC 895: Escarpment Shrubland Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1 ha+. 5 m/0.1 ha. (note: large log class does not apply) Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species T MS MS SS LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH LH MH MH MH MH MH MH MH SH SH SH SH LTG LNG LNG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG MTG SC Schinus molle Lycium ferocissimum Genista monspessulana Marrubium vulgare Sonchus oleraceus Helminthotheca echioides Lactuca serriola Sisymbrium officinale Sonchus asper s.l. Verbascum thapsus ssp. thapsus Echium plantagineum Centaurium tenuiflorum Foeniculum vulgare Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium arvense var. arvense Trifolium subterraneum Trifolium campestre var. campestre Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Lotus suaveolens Cerastium glomeratum s.l. Medicago polymorpha Trifolium glomeratum Modiola caroliniana Aptenia cordifolia Phalaris aquatica Holcus lanatus Avena fatua Nassella trichotoma Ehrharta longiflora Briza maxima Bromus hordeaceus ssp. hordeaceus Sporobolus africanus Vulpia bromoides Romulea rosea Pentaschistis airoides ssp. airoides Lolium perenne Dactylis glomerata Vulpia myuros Bromus rubens Avena barbata Aira caryophyllea Vicia sativa ssp. sativa Common Name Pepper Tree African Box-thorn Montpellier Broom Horehound Common Sow-thistle Ox-tongue Prickly Lettuce Hedge Mustard Rough Sow-thistle Great Mullein Paterson's Curse Slender Centaury Fennel Cat's Ear Hare's-foot Clover Subterranean Clover Hop Clover Narrow-leaf Clover Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Burr Medic Cluster Clover Red-flower Mallow Heart-leaf Ice-plant Toowoomba Canary-grass Yorkshire Fog Wild Oat Serrated Tussock Annual Veldt-grass Large Quaking-grass Soft Brome Rat-tail Grass Squirrel-tail Fescue Onion Grass False Hair-grass Perennial Rye-grass Cocksfoot Rat's-tail Fescue Red Brome Bearded Oat Silvery Hair-grass Common Vetch Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low high low high low high high low high low low low low low low low low low low high high high low high low low low high low low low high high low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment January 2005 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2005 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment Shrubland Description: Occurs on rocky escarpments in steep valleys or gorges, associated with limestone or basalt. Sites have moderate to high fertility, are well-drained but subject to regular summer drought due to shallow soils. Eucalypt woodland to 15 m tall or non-eucalypt shrubland to 8 m tall, with occasional eucalypts; lichen-covered rock outcrops are common. Large Trees: Species Eucalyptus spp. DBH(cm) #/ha 70 cm 15 / ha Tree Canopy Cover: %cover Character Species Common Name 15% Acacia implexa Acacia mearnsii Allocasuarina verticillata Bursaria spinosa Eucalyptus viminalis subsp. viminalis Lightwood Black Wattle Understorey: Lifeform Immature Canopy Tree Understorey Tree or Large Shrub Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Large Non-Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Ground Fern Scrambler or Climber Bryophytes/Lichens Soil Crust Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark Sweet Bursaria Manna Gum #Spp 3 3 2 3 4 5 1 1 9 3 1 1 %Cover LF Code 5% 10% 10% 5% 5% 10% 5% 5% 5% 25% 5% 5% 5% 10% 10% IT T MS SS LH MH SH LTG LNG MTG MNG GF SC BL S/C EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment Shrubland LF Code T MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LNG MTG MTG MNG GF SC SC Species typical of at least part of EVC range r Various spp. Melicytus dentatus s.l. Rhagodia parabolica Enchylaena tomentosa var. tomentosa Wahlenbergia communis s.l. Einadia nutans subsp. nutans Maireana enchylaenoides Oxalis perennans Chamaesyce drummondii Dichondra repens Austrostipa bigeniculata Various spp. Austrodanthonia racemosa var. racemosa Austrodanthonia setacea Panicum effusum Cheilanthes distans Clematis microphylla Convolvulus erubescens spp. agg. Common Name Tree Violet Fragrant Saltbush Ruby Saltbush Tufted Bluebell Nodding Saltbush Wingless Bluebush Grassland Wood-sorrel Flat Spurge Kidney-weed Kneed Spear-grass Stiped Wallaby-grass Bristly Wallaby-grass Hairy Panic Bristly Cloak-fern Small-leaved Clematis Pink Bindweed Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 20 % cover Logs: 15 m/0.1ha. Weediness: LF Code LH SS MTG SH LH MS MTG LH T MH MTG LTG LH LNG MS MNG MNG LH LNG MNG MH LH MNG SC SH MH MTG Typical Weed Species Sisymbrium officinale Marrubium vulgare Sporobolus africanus Aptenia cordifolia Verbascum thapsus subsp. thapsus Genista monspessulana Lolium perenne Helminthotheca echioides Schinus molle Foeniculum vulgare Nassella trichotoma Phalaris aquatica Echium plantagineum Holcus lanatus Lycium ferocissimum Dactylis glomerata Bromus rubens Centaurium tenuiflorum Avena fatua Avena barbata Trifolium arvense var. arvense Lactuca serriola Aira caryophyllea Vicia sativa subsp. sativa Modiola caroliniana Trifolium angustifolium var. angustifolium Vulpia bromoides Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark Common Name Hedge Mustard Horehound Rat-tail Grass Heart-leaf Ice-plant Great Mullein Montpellier Broom Perennial Rye-grass Ox-tongue Pepper Tree Fennel Serrated Tussock Toowoomba Canary-grass Paterson's Curse Yorkshire Fog African Box-thorn Cocksfoot Red Brome Slender Centaury Wild Oat Bearded Oat Hare's-foot Clover Prickly Lettuce Silvery Hair-grass Common Vetch Red-flower Mallow Narrow-leaf Clover Squirrel-tail Fescue Invasive Impact high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low low high low EVC 895_61: Treed Escarpment Shrubland Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MNG MTG MTG SH SH MH Vulpia myuros Romulea rosea Pentaschistis airoides subsp. airoides Trifolium glomeratum Medicago polymorpha Cerastium glomeratum s.l. LH MTG MH LH MTG MH MTG MH MH Sonchus oleraceus Ehrharta longiflora Trifolium subterraneum Sonchus asper s.l. Briza maxima Lotus subbiflorus Bromus hordeaceus subsp. hordeaceus Hypochoeris radicata Trifolium campestre var. campestre Common Name Rat's-tail Fescue Onion Grass False Hair-grass Cluster Clover Burr Medic Common Mouse-ear Chickweed Common Sow-thistle Annual Veldt-grass Subterranean Clover Rough Sow-thistle Large Quaking-grass Hairy Bird's-foot Trefoil Soft Brome Cat's Ear Hop Clover Invasive Impact high high high high high high low low low low low low high high high high high high high high high low low low low low low low low low Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland Description: Closed to open grassland to 1.5 m tall with occasional shrubs occurring on estuarine flats often associated with current or old beach berms or sand sheets that are occasionally inundated by high tides. Occupies areas on marginally higher ground inland from Coastal Saltmarsh. Life Forms: Life form Medium Shrub Small Shrub Large Herb Medium Herb Small Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-tufted Graminoid Total understorey projective foliage cover LF Code #Spp 2 1 1 3 4 2 2 3 Atriplex cinerea Rhagodia candolleana ssp. candolleana Frankenia pauciflora var. gunnii Senecio pinnatifolius Sarcocornia quinqueflora ssp. quinqueflora Suaeda australis Samolus repens Disphyma crassifolium ssp. clavellatum Selliera radicans Hemichroa pentandra Austrostipa stipoides Gahnia filum Poa poiformis Lachnagrostis billardierei ssp. billardierei Spinifex sericeus Distichlis distichophylla Ficinia nodosa 5% 5% 1% 15% 15% 15% 20% 15% 85% Species typical of at least part of EVC range MS MS SS LH MH MH MH SH SH SH LTG LTG MTG MTG MNG MNG MNG %Cover LF code MS SS LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG Common Name Coast Saltbush Seaberry Saltbush Southern Sea-heath Variable Groundsel Beaded Glasswort Austral Seablite Creeping Brookweed Rounded Noon-flower Shiny Swamp-mat Trailing Hemichroa Prickly Spear-grass Chaffy Saw-sedge Coast Tussock-grass Coast Blown-grass Hairy Spinifex Australian Salt-grass Knobby Club-sedge Recruitment: Continuous Organic Litter: 10% Cover Weediness: LF Code Typical Weed Species MS LH LH MH MH MH MNG MNG Chrysanthemoides monilifera ssp. monilifera Sonchus oleraceus Conyza albida Polycarpon tetraphyllum Hypochoeris radicata Anagallis arvensis Vulpia myuros Lagurus ovatus Ecological Vegetation Class bioregion benchmark Common Name Boneseed Common Sow-thistle Tall Fleabane Four-leaved Allseed Cat's Ear Pimpernel Rat's-tail Fescue Hare's-tail Grass Invasive high high high high high high high high Impact high low low low low low low low EVC 914: Estuarine Flats Grassland - Victorian Volcanic Plain bioregion Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment May 2004 © The State of Victoria Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-commercial purposes is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or at cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson Street, East Melbourne, Victoria, 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss or other consequence which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au EVC/Bioregion Benchmark for Vegetation Quality Assessment Victorian Volcanic Plain Bioregion EVC 934: Brackish Grassland Description: Grassland or sedgeland occurring on silts in low-lying areas within brackish floodplains. Often occurs in association with Brackish Wetland. Understorey: Lifeform Large Herb Medium Herb Small or Prostrate Herb Large Tufted Graminoid Medium to Small Tufted Graminoid Medium to Tiny Non-Tufted Graminoid Bryophytes/Lichens LF Code LH MH MH MH MH SH SH LTG LTG LTG MTG MTG MTG MNG #Spp %Cover LF Code 1 3 5 2 4 1 1% 5% 5% 20% 20% 10% LH MH SH LTG MTG MNG 10% BL Species typical of at least part of EVC range Common Name Senecio glomeratus Calocephalus lacteus Samolus repens Sarcocornia quinqueflora Sebaea albidiflora Selliera radicans Utricularia tenella Gahnia filum Gahnia trifida Poa labillardierei Austrodanthonia geniculata Poa poiformis Schoenus apogon Distichlis distichophylla Annual Fireweed Milky Beauty-heads Creeping Brookweed Beaded Glasswort White Sebaea Shiny Swamp-mat Pink Bladderwort Chaffy Saw-sedge Coast Saw-sedge Common Tussock-grass Kneed Wallaby-grass Coast Tussock-grass Common Bog-sedge Australian Salt-grass Recruitment: Continuous. Organic Litter: 10 % cover Weediness: There are no consistent weeds in this EVC Ecological Vegetation Class Bioregion Benchmark EVC 934: Brackish Grassland Published by the Victorian Government Department of Sustainability and Environment © The State of Victoria Government Department of Sustainability and Environment 2004 This publication is copyright. Reproduction and the making available of this material for personal, in-house or non-comercial is authorised, on condition that: • the copyright owner is acknowledged; • no official connection is claimed; • the material is made available without charge or cost; and • the material is not subject to inaccurate, misleading or derogatory treatment. Requests for permission to reproduce or communicate this material in any way not permitted by this licence (or by the fair dealing provisions of the Copyright Act 1968) should be directed to the Nominated Officer, Copyright, 8 Nicholson St, East Melbourne, Victoria 3002. For more information contact: Customer Service Centre, 136 186 This publication may be of assistance to you but the State of Victoria and its employees do not guarantee that the publication is without flaw of any kind or is wholly appropriate for your particular purposes and therefore disclaims all liability for any error, loss, of other consequences which may arise from you relying on any information in this publication. www.dse.vic.gov.au
