Chapter 3
Settling the Northern Colonies, 1619-1700
CHAPTER THEMES
Theme: Religious and political turmoil in England shaped settlement in New England and the middle colonies.
Religious persecution in England pushed the Separatists into Plymouth and Quakers into Pennsylvania.
England's Glorious Revolution also prompted changes in the colonies.
Theme: The Protestant Reformation, in its English Calvinist (Reformed) version, provided the major impetus
and leadership for the settlement of New England. The New England colonies developed a fairly homogeneous
social order based on religion and semi-communal family and town settlements.
Theme: Principles of American government developed in New England with the beginnings of written
constitutions (Mayflower Compact and Massachusetts's royal charter) and with glimpses of self-rule seen in
town hall meetings, the New England Confederation, and colonial opposition to the Dominion of New England.
Theme: The middle colonies of New Netherland (New York), Pennsylvania, New Jersey, and Delaware
developed with far greater political, ethnic, religious, and social diversity, and they represented a more
cosmopolitan middle ground between the tightly knit New England towns and the scattered, hierarchical
plantation South.
CHAPTER SUMMARY (READ AND UNDERLINE!)
The New England colonies were founded by English Puritans. While most Puritans sought to “purify” the
Church of England from within, and not to break away from it, a small group of Separatists—the Pilgrims—
founded the first small, pious Plymouth Colony in New England. More important was the larger group of
nonseparating Puritans, led by John Winthrop, who founded the Massachusetts Bay Colony as part of the
“great migration” of Puritans fleeing persecution in England in the 1630s.
A strong sense of common purpose among the first settlers shaped the Massachusetts Bay Colony. Because
of the close alignment of religion and politics in the colony, those who challenged religious orthodoxy, among
them Anne Hutchinson and Roger Williams, were considered guilty of sedition and driven out of
Massachusetts. The banished Williams founded Rhode Island, by far the most religiously and politically
tolerant of the colonies. Other New England settlements, all originating in Massachusetts Bay, were
established in Connecticut, Maine, and New Hampshire. Although they shared a common way of life, the New
England colonies developed with a substantial degree of independence.
The middle colonies took shape quite differently. New York, founded as New Netherland by the Dutch and later
conquered by England, was economically and ethnically diverse, socially hierarchical, and politically
quarrelsome. Pennsylvania, founded as a Quaker haven by William Penn, also attracted an economically
ambitious and politically troublesome population of diverse ethnic groups.
With their economic variety, ethnic diversity, and political factionalism, the middle colonies were the most
typically “American” of England’s thirteen Atlantic seaboard colonies.
Note Cards: Use note-card directions
1. Martin Luther
2. Protestant Reformation
3. John Calvin
4. King Henry VIII
5. Calvinism
6. Predestination
7. Conversion
8. Church of England
9. Puritans
10. Separatists
11. King James I
12. Mayflower
13. Separatists
14. Captain Myles Standish
15. Plymouth Bay
16. Mayflower Compact
17. William Bradford
18. John Winthrop
19. Anne Hutchison
20. Massachusetts Bay
Colony
21. antinomianism
22. MA Bay Company
23. Great Migration of the
1630s
24. John Winthrop
25. City Upon a Hill
26. Freeman
27. Congregational Church
28. Bible Commonwealth
29. John Cotton
30. Separation of Church
and State
31. Protestant Ethic
32. Blue Law State
33. Anne Hutchinson
34. Roger Williams
35. Rhode Island
36. That Sewer
37. CT River
38. King Philip’s War
39. English Civil War
40. Thomas Hooker
41. Fundamental Orders
42. Fundamental Orders
43. New Haven
44. Sir Fernando Gorges
45. New Hampshire
46. Wampanoag
47. Squanto
48. Massasoit
49. Indentures
50. Enclosure Movement
51. Freedom Dues
52. Pequot
53. Metacom
54. New England
Confederation
55. Benign Neglect
56. King Charles II
57. Royalists
58. Dominion of New
England
59. English Navigation
Laws
60. Sir Edmond Andros
61. Glorious/Bloodless
Revolution
62. MA Royal Colony
63. Salutary Neglect
64. Dutch Republic
65. Dutch India Company
66. Henry Hudson
67. Dutch West India
Company
68. New Netherland
69. New Amsterdam
70. Patroonships
71. Swedes
72. Peter Stuyvesant
73. New York
74. Lingston and the
Delanceys
75. Quakers
76. William Penn
77. Philadelphia
78. Penn’s Indian
Relations
79. Quaker Liberal Policies
80. Delaware
81. Middle Colonies
82. Bread Colonies
83. Benjamin Franklin
Chapter 3 Study Guide
Thought Questions/Observations: Answer the question for class discussion from each chapter section.
The Protestant Reformation Produces Puritanism
1. How did John Calvin's teachings result in some Englishmen wanting to leave England?
1a.
The Pilgrims End Their Pilgrimage at Plymouth
2. Explain the factors that contributed to the success of the Plymouth colony.
2a.
The Bay Colony Bible Commonwealth
3. Why did the Puritans come to America?
3a.
Building the Bay Colony
4. How democratic was the Massachusetts Bay Colony? Explain.
4a.
Trouble in the Bible Commonwealth
5. What happened to people whose religious beliefs differed from others in Massachusetts Bay Colony?
5a.
The Rhode Island "Sewer"
6. How was Rhode Island different than Massachusetts?
6a.
Makers of America: The English
7. In what ways did the British North American colonies reflect their mother country?
7a.
New England Spreads Out
8. Describe how Connecticut, Maine and New Hampshire were settled.
8a.
Puritans versus Indians
9. Why did hostilities arise between Puritans and Native Americans? What was the result?
9a.
Seeds of Colonial Unity and Independence
10. Assess the following statement, "The British colonies were beginning to grow closer to each other by 1700."
10a.
Andros Promotes the First American Revolution
11. How did events in England affect the New England colonies' development?
11a.
Old Netherlanders at New Netherlands
12. Explain how settlement by the Dutch led to the type of city that New York is today.
12a.
Friction with English and Swedish Neighbors
13. "Vexations beset the Dutch company-colony from the beginning." Explain.
13a.
Dutch Residues in New York
14. Do the Dutch have an important legacy in the United States? Explain.
14a.
Penn's Holy Experiment in Pennsylvania
15. What had William Penn and other Quakers experienced that would make them want a colony in America?
15a.
Quaker Pennsylvania and Its Neighbors
16. Why was Pennsylvania attractive to so many Europeans and Native Americans?
16a.
The Middle Way in the Middle Colonies
17. What do the authors mean when the say that the middle colonies were the most American?
17a.
Varying Viewpoints: Europeanizing America or Americanizing Europe?
18. “The picture of colonial America that is emerging from all this new scholarship is of a society unique—and
diverse—from its inception.” Explain?
18a.
HISTORIC NOTES
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The Reformation has an impact on Europe and European settlement of North America
The Dutch Separatists (Pilgrims) depart Holland in the Mayflower and establish the Plymouth Colony
(1620), where they lay the foundation for a government in the form of the Mayflower Compact. The
colony merges with the MA Bay Colony in 1691.
Religious discontent and divisions stimulate the creation of other colonies such as the one established
by “dissenters” in RI and William Penn’s Quaker colony in PA.
The motives and incentives for colonization were varied; however, many early English colonists were
inspired to resettle in North America for religious and economic reasons.
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Religious dissent and challenges to the religious and political status quo emerged in the MA Bay
Colony. For example, Anne Hutchinson challenged the rigidity of the Puritan leadership. Banished
from the Bay Colony, she helped to establish a new colony in RI.
The MA Bay Colony was in a very real sense the nucleolus for later colonies, especially the New
England.
By the mid-seventeenth century the middle colonies of DE, NJ, NY, & PA were established.
Advanced Placement United States History Topic Outline
1. Transatlantic Encounters and Colonial Beginnings, 1492-1690
A.
First European contacts with Native Americans
B.
Spain's empire in North America
C.
French colonization of Canada
D.
English settlement of New England, the Mid-Atlantic region, and the South
E.
From servitude to slavery in the Chesapeake region
F.
Religious diversity in the American colonies
G.
Resistance to colonial authority: Bacon's Rebellion, the Glorious Revolution, and t he Pueblo
Revolt
2. Colonial North America, 1690-1754
A.
Population growth and immigration
B.
Transatlantic trade and the growth of seaports
C.
The eighteenth-century back country
D.
Growth of plantation economies and slave societies
E.
The Enlightenment and the Great Awakening
F.
Colonial governments and imperial policy in British North America