Supporting Information
Contents
Fig. S1. Temporal variations of PON in CAS and MBR vessels.
Fig. S2. Temporal variations of nitrogen compounds in (a) CAS vessels and (b) MBR vessels
produced from sludge degradation without particles added.
Fig. S3. Temporal variations of DON changing rate. (a)At low temperature, (b) at high
temperature.
Fig. S4. Temporal variations of DOC concentration. (a)At low temperature, (b) at high
temperature.
Fig. S5. DON release in control vessels. (a)At low temperature, (b) at high temperature.
Fig. S6. MW distribution of humic acid along the batch test on biodegradation. (a) CAS at low
temperature, (b) MBR at low temperature, (c) CAS at high temperature, (d) MBR at high
temperature. Error bars represent standard deviations of quadruplicate measurements.
Table S1 Operating parameters of the WWTP and MBR
Table S2 Influent characteristics of the WWTP and MBR under different temperature
Table S3 Average removal efficiency of protein and humic acid in different treatment units in
MBR
S1
14
CAS
MBR
PON concentration (mg/L)
12
10
8
6
4
40
32
24
16
8
0
Time (d)
Fig. S1. Temporal variations of PON in CAS and MBR vessels. Note: The suspended solids in the
vessels were not evenly distributed although they were aerated. After periodical sampling during
40 days, the concentration of remaining solids in the batch reactor became higher than expected.
This resulted in a higher concentration of PON in the reactor and consequently a non-balance of
nitrogen.
(a)
2.5
DON and DIN concentration (mg/L)
DON
NH4-N
2.0
NO2-N
NO3-N
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0h
1h
3h
8h
1d
Time
S2
3d
8d
20d
40d
(b)
2.5
DON and DIN concentration (mg/L)
DON
NH4-N
2.0
NO2-N
NO3-N
1.5
1.0
0.5
0.0
0h
1h
3h
8h
1d
3d
8d
20d
40d
Time
Fig. S2. Temporal variations of nitrogen compounds produced from sludge degradation without
particles added in (a) CAS vessels and (b) MBR vessels.
S3
Table S1 Operating parameters of the WWTP and MBR
WWTP
MBR
Treatment capacity (m3/d)
46,000
Treatment capacity (m3/d)
0.38
Anaerobic zone HRT (h)
2.2
Anaerobic zone HRT (h)
1.2
Anoxic zone HRT (h)
2.2
Anoxic zone HRT (h)
5.3
Oxic zone HRT (h)
5.6
Oxic zone HRT (h)
5.3
SRT (d)
8-12
SRT (d)
26
MLSSa (g/L)
3-4
MLSS (g/L)
7-10
Rb
0.5-1.0
Rb
0.5
rc
2-3
rc
3
Membrane flux (L/(m2h))
20
Effluent suction cycle (min)d
10/2
a MLSS,
the concentration of mixed liquor suspended solids.
b
R, return rate of mixed liquor from oxic zone to anoxic zone.
c
r, reture rate of mixed liquor from oxic zone to anaerobic zone.
d
It means a suction cycle of 10 min suction and 2 min relaxation was performed.
Table S2 Influent characteristics of the WWTP and MBR under different temperature
Under low temperature
Under high temperature
TDN (mg/L)
46.0 ± 9.1
29.5 ± 5.7
NH4+-N (mg/L)
33.9 ± 3.4
26.0 ± 5.6
NO2--N (mg/L)
0.2 ± 0.1
0.1 ± 0.0
NO3--N (mg/L)
2.0 ± 1.0
1.3 ± 0.9
S4
Table S3 Average removal efficiency of protein and humic acid in different treatment units in
MBR
By
Protein
biological
Interception
by
Total
removal
treatment process
membrane
efficiency
Under low temperature
78%
6%
84%
Under high temperature
82%
5%
87%
Average
80%
6%
86%
Under low temperature
77%
2%
79%
Under high temperature
73%
1%
74%
Average
76%
1%
77%
Humic
acid
2
0
Reaction rate (mg/L· h)
Reaction rate (mg/L· h)
0
-2
-4
-6
-11
-2
-3
-4
CAS
MBR
-12
-1
CAS
MBR
-5
0
2
4
6
8
20
22
24
0
Time (h)
2
4
6
8
20
22
24
time
(a)
(b)
Fig. S3. Temporal variations of DON changing rate. (a) At low temperature, (b) at high
temperature.
S5
25
30
CAS
MBR
25
20
DOC concentration (mg/L)
DOC concentration (mg/L)
CAS
MBR
15
10
20
15
10
5
5
0
2
4
6
8
20
22
0
24
2
4
6
8
20
22
24
Time (h)
Time (h)
(a)
(b)
Fig. S4. Temporal variations of DOC concentration. (a) At low temperature, (b) at high
temperature.
8
8
CAS
MBR
6
DON concentration (mg/L)
DON concentration (mg/L)
CAS
MBR
4
2
6
4
2
0
0
0
2
4
6
8
20
22
0
24
2
4
6
8
Time (h)
Time (h)
(a)
(b)
20
22
Fig. S5. DON release in control vessels. (a) At low temperature, (b) at high temperature.
S6
24
> 300 kDa
300-100 kDa
100-10 kDa
30
< 10 kDa
Humic acid concentration (mg/L)
Humic acid concentration (mg/L)
30
24
18
12
6
0
0h
3h
8h
> 300 kDa
6
0
24 h
0h
100-10 kDa
24 h
30
< 10 kDa
Humic acid concentration (mg/L)
Humic acid concentration (mg/L)
8h
(b)
24
18
12
6
0
3h
3h
Time
30
0h
< 10 kDa
12
(a)
300-100 kDa
100-10 kDa
18
Time
> 300 kDa
300-100 kDa
24
8h
> 300 kDa
300-100 kDa
100-10 kDa
< 10 kDa
24
18
12
6
0
24 h
0h
Time
3h
8h
24 h
Time
(c)
(d)
Fig. S6. MW distribution of humic acid along the batch test on biodegradation. (a) CAS at low
temperature, (b) MBR at low temperature, (c) CAS at high temperature, (d) MBR at high
temperature. Error bars represent standard deviations of quadruplicate measurements.
S7