`Puhaceni`-Section-X-ESMP
BIDDING DOCUMENTS
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
CONSTRUCTION WORKS FOR THE
REHABILITATION OF CENTRALIZED IRRIGATION
SYSTEMS ALONG NISTRU RIVER
LOT #3 – CIS ‘PUHACENI’
Section X
SITE SPECIFIC ENVIRONMENT AND SOCIAL
MANAGEMENT PLAN
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Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River
Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
TABLE OF CONTENTS
The purpose of Environment and Social Management Plan ............................................ 5
3. REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION .................. 10
Environmental and social policies of Millennium Challenge Corporation ................... 11
4. EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON SITE .................................. 13
5. ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT ...................................................... 18
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8. INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES ............................................................... 39
10. CONTRACTOR’S COMPLIANCE WITH ESMP ................................................. 44
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LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS
ACM Asbestos-Containing Materials
AIDS Acquired Immune Deficiency System
HS
HVA
ToR
IMT
ISRA
MCA
MCC
ME
MSU
MTA
NCPH
OI
AM
CIS
CISRA
CC
CESMP
DD
DDRAP
EE&EIA
ESM& HSS
ESIA
ESMP
FS
FWC
GoM
HIV
PCB
PE
PPE
RAP
SEI
SMP
STD
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Apele Moldovei
Centralized Irrigation System
Centralized Irrigation System Rehabilitation Activity
Construction Contractor
CC ESMP
Detailed Design
Detailed Design and Resettlement Action Plan
Law on Environmental Expertise and Environmental Impact Assessment
Environmental & Social Health & Safety Manager
Environmental and Social Impact Assessment
Environmental and Social Management Plan
Feasibility Study
Field Water Capacity
Government of Moldova
Human Immunodeficiency Virus
Health and Safety
High Value Added Agriculture (Project)
Terms of Reference
Irrigation Management Transfer
Irrigation Sector Reform Activity
Millennium Challenge Account
Millennium Challenge Corporation
Ministry of Environment
Monitoring and Supervision Unit (within Apele Moldovei)
(Irrigation) Management Transfer Agreement
National Centre for Public Health
Opportunistic Infections
Polychlorinated Biphenyls
Polyethylene
Personal Protective Equipment
Resettlement Action Plan
State Ecological Inspectorate
Social Management Plan
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
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Tbi
THVA
ToR
VAT
WUA to be identified
Transfer to High Value Agriculture
Terms of Reference
Value Added Tax
Water User Association
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
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1.
INTRODUCTION
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
1.1.
Background
The Millennium Challenge Account (MCA-Moldova), a public institution established under the laws of the Republic of Moldova as the Accountable Entity for the MCA-Moldova Compact, implements the Transition to High-Value Agriculture (THVA) Project, funded by the Millennium
Challenge Corporation (MCC) of the United States under the Compact Agreement. As result of the THVA Project and the Irrigation Activities, up to 11 Centralized Irrigation Systems (CIS) will be rehabilitated and their management (operations and maintenance) will be legally transferred to Water User Associations (WUAs) operating in those 11 systems.
One of the components of the Project – the DDRAP (Detailed Design and Resettlement Action
Plan) elaboration – is implemented by A.E.S.A. Consulting to provide MCA-Moldova technical design support for implementation of the Centralized Irrigation System Rehabilitation Activity including all environmental studies and plans which are integrated into the DD Package to be submitted to the relevant Central Authorities for approval.
1.2.
The purpose of Environment and Social Management Plan
The purpose of the Environmental and Social Management Plan (ESMP) is to ensure a holistic management of environmental and social impacts which can arise during the planning, design, construction, operation and decommissioning phases of the project.
To achieve this, ESMP identifies feasible and cost-effective measures that may reduce potentially significant adverse environmental impacts to acceptable levels. Specifically, the ESMP: (a) identifies and summarizes all anticipated significant adverse environmental impacts; (b) describes each mitigation measure, including the type of impact to which it relates and the conditions under which it is required (e.g., continuously or in the event of contingencies), together with designs, equipment descriptions, and operating procedures, as appropriate; and (c) provides linkage with Resettlement Action Plan and other mitigation plans required for the project.
Monitoring section of the ESMP provides: (a) a specific description, and technical details, of monitoring measures, including the parameters to be measured, methods to be used, sampling locations, frequency of measurements, and (b) monitoring and reporting procedures to (i) ensure early detection of conditions that necessitate particular mitigation measures, and (ii) furnish information on the progress and results of mitigation.
The ESMP also provides a description of institutional arrangements: who is responsible for carrying out the mitigation and monitoring measures (e.g., for operation, supervision, enforcement, monitoring of implementation, reporting, and staff training).
For all three aspects (mitigation, monitoring, and capacity development), the ESMP provides (a) an implementation schedule for measures that must be carried out as part of the project, showing phasing and coordination with overall project implementation plans; and (b) cost estimates and sources of funds for implementing the ESMP.
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1.3.
ESMP
The ESMP which is to be an integral part of the Bidding Document in the Technical
Specifications was developed for rehabilitation of the Puhaceni Centralized Irrigation System
(CIS), as part of the DDRAP activity of the THVA Project of MCA-Moldova. An overall objective of the ESMP is to bring the project into compliance with the environmental and social requirements set by the legislation of the Republic of Moldova (law On ecological expertise and environmental impact assessment and its annexes) and environmental and social policies of the
Millennium Challenge Corporation.
This site-specific ESMP is built upon the mitigations and monitoring requirements provided in the basin-wide ESMPs developed during the feasibility stage of the THVA Project but supplements those with other mitigations to specifically address environmental and social issues and related negative impacts in the CIS Puhaceni area during construction/rehabilitation and operation. The EMSP links the mitigation measures into a comprehensive implementation scheme, designed to ensure action.
1.4.
How this Site-Specific ESMP is organized
As per law On ecological expertise and environmental impact assessment (EE&EIA), as well as per DDRAPC ToR requirements, the DDRAP activity should submit the Environmental
Protection Chapter to the Central Environmental Authority in charge with the approval of the CIS
Design Package. This ESMP is designed to fit the structure of the above said Environmental
Chapter. It provides a Project description, describes baseline environmental condition of the site, lists the main environmental/social impacts identified, which will most likely or positively occur during construction and operational phases, describes mitigation, monitoring measures to be taken and institutional responsibilities during project implementation as well as during the operational phase (after project ends) to eliminate adverse impacts, offset them, or reduce them to acceptable levels as well as provides other relevant information having direct relevance to project implementation like for instance brief overview of applicable legislation and MCC policies.
This document is also guidance for Construction Contractor (CC) to prepare its own
Environmental and Social Management Plan to be integrated in the Detailed Plan of Works on
Site, to calculate with adequate accuracy the costs of the environmental protection and social impact mitigation measures that CC has to undertake during the construction phase of the project.
Another targeted beneficiary of this ESMP is the Puhaceni Water Users Association (WUA), which is supposed to take active part in the process of monitoring of works conducted by CC as well as to implement during the operational phase the recommended environmental and social protection measures raised in this document.
In this respect, it was helpful to have recommendations set out by additional environmental studies (soil study, hydro-biological study, ground water survey and others) which are part of this
ESMP as well as part of the Environmental Chapter of the DD Package. This ESMP is a subject for annual updating, to be done by the WUA after receiving relevant training.
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2.
PROJECT DESCRIPTION
This chapter was developed by using the baseline environmental and social data collected and provided by the Feasibility Study (FS) Consultant in 2009. Additional information was collected from published sources, and from design engineers. CIS-specific environmental and social issues were clarified during the field visits, which included communications with local farmers and managers as well as during the Public Consultation meeting held in Puhaceni village.
2.1.
Location and main features of CIS Puhaceni
The two sectors (Figure 1) of the Puhaceni CIS proposed for rehabilitation have a command area of 856 ha. The northern (SP-17) sector is located between the villagers of Puhaceni and Delacau , and immediately adjacent to and south of the Nistru River. The southern sector (SP-18) is located immediately southeast of Puhaceni and immediately to the west of the Nistru River.
The SP-17 sector is located in the even wide valley of the Nistru River, which is an area of flat relief with a gentle slope towards the northeast. The difference in relief from the south-western edge of the sector to its north-eastern edge is approximately 7 m. The nearest villages are at a slightly higher elevation than the CIS sector. The southern area is located on an almost flat-lying area immediately west of the Nistru River. Both sectors of the CIS are separated from the Nistru by a flood-protection dike.
CIS Puhaceni includes two pumping stations located at the Nistru bank. Both stations (SP-17 and
SP-18) are protected against flooding by earthen dikes. SP-17 was designed for the irrigation of
438 ha, and SP-18 for the direct irrigation of 418 ha. Each pumping station is equipped with 3 pumps. The total length of pipe network is 46,211 m, including mains (1.5 km), secondary (about
9 km) and tertiary networks (about 22 km). There are 447 hydrants amounts, 54 manholes, 104 air release valves and about 98 washouts. After the renovation of the CIS Puhaceni the technical parameters of the system will be: command area – 920 ha; total length – 33,952 m, including mains – 6,189 m, secondary – 3,794 m and tertiary networks – 23,970 km; hydrants – 458, manholes – 27; air release valves – 106, washouts - 96.
The calculated maximal possible water abstraction from the Nistru River by CIS Puhaceni - assuming the 0,8 lps/ha extraction during 24 hour a day over a period of 6 months - is about 10.6 million m
3
of water ( i.e.
0.22 % of the Nistru River water flow).
2.2.
Description of the Construction Works
The system is operational
1
as it was built in 1964 and no capital reparation has been undertaken since then. During the past decades there has been a serious lack of maintenance, so the infrastructure is degraded (broken pipes, damaged hydrants and valves, obsolete electrical equipment, and so on). Farmers are either not irrigating or are using temporary private pumps on boats, or they rely on wells for groundwater extraction. Only an area of 55 ha was irrigated in
2008.
1 Feasibility Study – Annex 13 – Puhaceni – Final Report, 2009
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In general, the proposed rehabilitation interventions include:
replacement of intake pipes, including building of new fish protection structures on the river;
renovation of pumping station buildings;
pump replacement, and,
building of a new pipe network.
SP-17
Sector 1
SP-18
Sector 2
Fig.1 Location and borders of CIS Puhaceni command area. SP-17, SP-18 pumping stations
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The following construction scenario will be implemented at the CIS Puhaceni:
No pipes repairs will be undertaken: new pipes and hydrants will be laid few meters beside, and in parallel with the old network.
For pipe laying and hydrant installation work, a typical crew would entail a foreman, a machine operator, and laborers working together.
Major mechanical equipment will include large trucks, pick-up trucks, backhoes, excavators, bulldozers, cranes, and pipe-laying equipment.
The principal equipment installation areas will be within the pump station grounds; however, pipe sections may also be laid down along easements in advance of secondarytertiary network interventions.
Senior personnel will likely be housed in nearby towns, while other personnel will be housed in local villages. However, the CC is free to make a decision on staff accommodation.
Pipe installation will normally require a 20-m width easement along the pipeline routes, allowing for space for equipment, pipe section installation, and excavation of an approximately 2-m deep trench.
The removal of old hydrants (where required) will involve the simultaneous replacement of a 7-m length of pipe, and therefore an estimated 20-m width easement along the pipe section.
The removal of old hydrants and valve and manhole replacement (where required) will disturb an estimated area of 25 m 2 (5 m x 5 m).
2.3.
Description of work during operational phase
The CIS will be operated by WUA “ACVA-Group” established as a juridical entity in March
2012. At the time of developing of this ESMP, no operational plan was developed by WUA.
However, the operational planning activities – are foreseen to be conducted within ISRA component of the THVA Project during the year 2014.
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3.
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
REGULATORY FRAMEWORK FOR ESMP IMPLEMENTATION
3.1.
National regulatory framework
This chapter provides the list of laws and regulations which have a relevance to implementation of the ESMP, and for some of them provides a brief description. The purpose of this chapter is to guide the stakeholders through legal framework which applies to both construction and operation phase of the project
2
.
Environmental protection and management
Law On environmental protection No. 1515–XII of 16 June 1993
Law On ecological expertise and environment impact assessment No. 851- XIII of 29
May 1996, and
Ordinance On organizing and conducting of the state ecological expertise approved by
Decision of the Ministry of Environment No. 188 of 10 September 2002
Subsoil Code No. 3 of 2 February 2009.
Law On state supervision over the public health No. 10 of 3 February 2009 (Water used for irrigation of agricultural crops must meet existing hygiene standards. - Central and local authorities are required to ensure whether riparian buffers around all water sources were establish to prevent and remove pollution.
Law On animal kingdom No. 439-XIII of 27 April 1995 (protection of fauna)
Law On fish conservation, fishing and fish-farming No. 149-XVI, 2006 (set out the conditions to equip water intakes with fish protection structures. - During the design, siting, construction, commissioning and operation of projects in fishery water bodies and related areas, financial provision must be made in the design documentation and in the bill of expenditures for reparation of damages caused to aquatic biological resources and to implement measures for their protection so as to ensure reproduction, growth and migration conditions for fish and other aquatic organisms.
Law On fees for environmental pollution No.1540 of 25 February 1998
Labor Code No. 154-XV of 20 March, 2003
Law On protection of Archeological Heritage No. 218 of 17 September 2010
Water resources protection and management
Water Code No. 1532-XII of 22 June 1993.
Water Law No. 272 of 23 December 2011 (enters into force within 18 months after the date of approval).
Law On irrigation associations No. 171 of 9 July, 2010
2 The more detailed summary of relevant laws are described in Environmental and Social Impact Assessment of
Central Irrigation System Projects in the Nistru River Basin in Moldova Proposed for MCC Funding – Final
Report June 2010.
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Law On water protection zones and strips along rivers and lakes, No. 440-XIII of April
27, 1995
Land management
Land Code No. 828-XII of 25 December 1991 as amended
Law On plant protection and phyto-sanitary control No. 228 of September 23, 2012
Air protection
Law On air protection No. 1422 of December 17,1997
Applicable secondary legislation and technical norms
During the construction and operational phase the following main environmentally related
Regulations and norms are to be applied:
Regulation for water bodies’ management and rational use of water resources in the
Republic of Moldova, approved by Government Decision No. 619 of 16.08. 1994
Regulation on organization of occupational safety activities and prevention of risks at work places, approved by Government Decision No. 95 of 05.02.2009
Government Decision No. 353 of 05.05.2010 On minimal requirements regarding the occupational health and safety at working place.
GOST 17.5.3.06-85 Nature protection. Lands. Standard removal requirements for the topsoil layer (fertile layer) during earthworks.
ВСН 33-2.1.05-90 Hydro-melioration systems and installations. Hydro-geological and geological research.
ENiR, pc E 2 - 1 – 45 Mechanical and Manual Earthworks.
The Ordinance of the Minister of Environment No. 206 of 07.10.2003 regarding the
Instruction of calculation of damages to fish resources.
Hygienic Regulation on protection of water bodies against pollution No 06.6.3.23 of
03.07. 1997 approved by Chief Sanitary Doctor of the Republic of Moldova.
3.2.
Environmental and social policies of Millennium Challenge Corporation
3 4
The purpose of MCC’s Environmental Guidelines is “to establish a process for the review of environmental and social impacts (such as involuntary resettlement and impacts on cultural property, for example) to ensure that the projects undertaken in a Compact are environmentally sound, are designed to operate in compliance with applicable regulatory requirements, and, as required by the legislation establishing MCC, are not likely to cause a significant environmental, health, or safety hazard”.
3 www.mcc.gov/mcc/bm.doc/20-enviroandsocialassessment.pdf
4 MCA Moldova Social & Gender Integration Plan
( http://mca.gov.md/upload/documents/0607121339057901SGIP%202012.pdf
)
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The guidelines make provision for screening projects and categorizing them. Category A projects, such as this project are those which have the potential to have significant negative environmental and social impacts that are sensitive, diverse, or unprecedented. They also present
MCC’s expectations as to environmental monitoring, public consultation during the EIA process, and environmental reporting.
If projects involve involuntary physical or economic displacement of persons, MCC applies The
World Bank’s O.P. 4.12: Involuntary Resettlement. This policy and its procedures for involuntary resettlement apply in situations where land acquisition is required, or access to protected areas is restricted or populations need to be resettled involuntarily. The policy aims to avoid involuntary resettlement to the maximum extent possible, and to minimize and mitigate its adverse social and economic effects. It promotes participation of displaced persons in the planning and implementation of their resettlement; and has the primary economic goal of helping displaced persons to improve or at least re-establish their revenues and quality of life after their resettlement. The policy recommends compensation and other means of assistance and indemnification in order to achieve its objectives. Moreover, it provides for the borrower to prepare the necessary tools for planning resettlement prior to approval of the proposed project.
Since gender inequality can significantly constrain economic growth and poverty reduction,
MCC drew up its gender policy so as to ensure that gender is integrated into Compact development and implementation. As such, it is necessary to analyze gender issues in ESIAs using internationally recognized gender analysis frameworks such as the Harvard Analytical
Framework or the Moser Gender Planning Framework, and ensure that any social monitoring described in monitoring and evaluation plans include provisions to track impacts on gender specific impacts for both men and women of various age and socioeconomic background.
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4.
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
EXISTING ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS ON SITE
4.1.
Climate
According to agro-climatic zoning of Moldova
5
, the Puhaceni irrigation area belongs to agroclimate zone 2 characterized by moderately continental climate, short and relatively warm winters, and long and dry summers.
The stable warm period with an air temperature of more than 10 o
C starts on average on April 20 and lasts until October 15. The sum of active temperatures for the period with an average temperature of 10 o
C is 3250
o
C.
The average annual precipitation is 432-486 mm. At the same time, during the warm period of the year (April-November), the sum of precipitation is 332-388 mm, i.e. 76-80%. In summer, the precipitation falls as intensive heavy rains that cause the formation of surface runoffs and, as a result, this water reserves is lost. Another part of summer precipitation is lost through the evaporation. Thus, the efficiency and productivity of precipitation during the warm period of the year is unessential and insufficient for the field crops cultivation. Unlike the summer precipitation, the winter one have a long duration and low intensity. Based on these factors, certain humidity reserves are formed in the soil, with the penetration of water in deep layers of the soil profile. The stable snow cover is formed only during the coldest winters and on open spaces, reaching the depth of 15-20 cm. The duration of stable snow cover is 45-55 days.
The specified climate conditions determine seasonal dynamics of the elementary processes in soils, due to which the chernozems have a relatively good stability in relation to the environment.
Bearing this in mind, one can note that the respective aspects have to be considered when organizing the irrigation works.
4.2.
Seismology and Geology
6
According to map of seismic zoning of the Republic of Moldova, the CIS Puhaceni area is located in seismic zone with 0.16g acceleration and 7- degree seismic stability.
Pre-Quaternary sediments consist of the following Sarmatian stage deposits of Miocene series:
Lower Bessarabian substage clays, sands and limestone;
Upper Bessarabian clays, sands and limestone, and
Upper Khersonian substage sands, siltstones and clays.
The CIS area is dominantly underlain by modern floodplain deposits and alluvial deposits of terraces I-II. Slopes in the southern part of the SP-17 sector, adjacent to the valleys, are composed of deluvial deposits. Slopes alongside the western boundary of the SP-18 sector consist of deluvial and colluvial deposits.
5 Агроклиматический справочник по Молдавской ССР 1969
6 Атлас Молдавской ССР. Москва 1978
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Approximately 20% of the CIS area is located in zone of ancient landslides covered by weakly eroded soils. Active landslides have not been registered. Ravine erosion has occurred in the lower parts of slopes of small river valleys outside the areas designated for irrigation. The western part of the southern sector is bordered by limestone outcrops and crumbling slopes with active crumbling processes.
4.3.
Hydrology
According to data summarized in the ESIA Study
7
, in 1961-2007, average water flow of the
Nistru River was 9,915 million m
3
/year with a maximum of 19,250 million m
3
/year and a minimum of 4,863 million m
3
/year. Historically, there were sufficient water resources in the
Nistru to supply large irrigation areas.
The CIS Puhaceni is located within the middle river segment downstream the Dubasari
Hydropower Dam, and its water level regime totally depends on the regime of this dam.
In the area where pumping stations SP-17 and SP-18 are located, there is a flood protection dike separating the river from the irrigation area. The bank is high, concave, and loamy, while the riverbed at the place of intake pipes is sandy-gravel . The suction pipes are located at a depth of 1-
2 m (SP-17) and 0.5-1.5 m (SP-18).
4.4.
Soil Quality and Erosion
According to on site pedological tests conducted in summer 2012, soil cover of the area is mainly formed of ordinary chernozems and carbonate chernozems with medium and medium-fine grainsize composition. Thick and moderately thick soils formed on the interfluves and linear valley sides. On slopes higher than 3% erosion could be observed and intensifies as the grows. Alluvial soils are more common and represent formations at advanced steppization evolution phase, and alluvial soils’ hallmark is heterogeneous distribution of alluvial gravel in the soil profile.
As regards soil types, quality and possible impact of irrigation on soil, results of the Soil Study
(Appendix E) carried out in 2012 led to the following conclusions:
1. There are five dominating type of soils within the Puhaceni command area: carbonate chernozem, ordinary low humus chernozem, mollic alluvial soils, mollic deluvial soils and layered alluvial soils.
2. Geological, hydro-geological and geomorphologic conditions in the Puhaceni area favor the development of irrigation. All the parental sediments in the specified area lay on gravel layers.
As a result, the soils are well drained, so the risk of irrigational water stagnation, pseudogleyization and groundwater water level raise is practically negligible. Predomination of relatively smooth places, make possible the mechanization of agricultural production process using various irrigation methods. Considering specific traits of the natural environment, the preference should be given to strict irrigation regimes.
7 ESIA Final Report MWH, 2010
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3. The structure of the soil cover does not contain salinized soils (solonets, or solonchak soils), vertisols, or vertic soils that would create problems during the irrigation, such as water stagnation, salt diffusion, etc.
4. The soils in the area, regardless their taxonomic category, have moderate water capacity and permeability what implies use of moderate water norms during the irrigation (~ 300 m
3
/ ha) as they will be sufficient to ensure soil humidity level of 0.70- 0.75 FWC. Some sites need application of soil improvements measures (covering the soil by organic matter (mulch), soil loosening without turning the furrow, disk tillage, ameliorative crops rotation, etc.) prior to their inclusion into the irrigation circuit. At the same time, the soils have a good internal drainage, which under the condition that all irrigation norms, regimes and time periods are observed, excludes soaking that could incur other negative consequences. The water permeability tests showed that the soils allow applying irrigation module of 0.8 l / sec / ha / irrigation cycle taken as a design criteria for the Puhaceni irrigation system.
5. The soils have a moderately stable structure, involving the risk of soaking and decomposition of structural aggregates with pore slitting and a defectuous aerohydric regime that will favor anaerobic processes, in particularly, the gleyic process. To avoid this, the water content in the soil should be kept at the level of 0.70- 0.75 FWC). At the same time, soil surface has to be covered by organic mulch (10- 15 t/ha). The latter will significantly reduce physical evaporation, allowing minimizing of irrigation, and will also ensure a stable hydrothermal regime which will exclude exaggerated drying-freezing of the soil, and protect the soil structure against destructive impacts of water.
6. The soils and parental deposits do not have traits that would point to potential processes of salinization-solonetsization-bogging as a result of irrigation.
7. Twenty years long irrigation did not affect negatively soil quality within the Puhaceni irrigation massif.
6. Hydro-physical parameters of the soil allow practicing the hydraulic module of 0.8 l / sec / ha / one irrigation cycle of 10 hours.
4.5.
Surface Water Resources
According to the State Hydrometeorological Service monthly reports, Nistru River is moderately polluted mainly by nutrients, copper compounds, phenols, oil products. In 2011, the maximum registered concentrations exceeded the MACs (Maximum Allowable Concentration) as follows:
6 times for copper, 2,4 times for nitrites (downstream of Puhaceni, Olanesti monitoring station),
2 times for oil products (upstream of Puhaceni CIS, Soroca monitoring station), 3 times for phenols (up-stream of Puhaceni CIS, Soroca monitoring station)
8
.
Data on water quality provided by the ESIA study have shown that it fits the criteria for irrigation water and there is no risk of soil salinization under the condition that the recommended norm for irrigation as provided by the Soil Study (~300 m
3
/ha) is applied. Detailed study on suitability of the Nistru water for irrigation purpose is attached to this ESMP as Annex F.
8 http://meteo.md/mold/anulprecedent.htm
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4.6.
Underground Water Resources
The CIS Puhaceni irrigation massifs (sectors 1 and 2) is located on low terraces of the Nistru
River within the altitude interval of 13.0-25.0 m. The sector 1 is located on higher terrace where occurrence of groundwater is registered within the depth interval between 5.0 and 10.0 m. The sector 2 is located on the first terrace, and groundwater table is at a depth of 2.5 -3.0 m.
Groundwater of alluvial deposits (sector 2) has formed two interlinked aquifer horizons. The first horizon is attributed to alluvial floodplain facies (clay, sandy clay, sandy clay) second horizon is attributed to the riverbed facies sands. First horizon thickness varies from 2 to 3 and 10 - 11 m, the thickness of the second horizon is 5-10 m.
Chemical composition of the floodplain facies waters is carbonate-sulfate sodium-calcium type, and its mineralization is 1-2 grams per liter.
Underground water sources, its quality and depth of occurrence were the subjects of additional desk study the results of which are presented in Annex H.
4.7.
Biodiversity
Vegetation and fauna
Small private land plots (0.2-0.3 ha) dominate in the SP-17 sector. Some are abandoned and have been colonized by dispersed trees some of which are relatively tall. There is a small greenhouse complex on the northern edge of the Puhaceni village. Although there are three relatively large fields in the SP-18 sector, it is dominated by small private land plots.
The most common crops on larger fields are maize, sun-flower and autumn wheat, as well as potatoes to which a large area is allotted. Vegetables and alfalfa are the main crops on small land plots. There are some small apple and plum orchards in the both sectors. Weeds are almost absent. Currently farmers irrigate vegetables, and there is one orchard under the drip irrigation in the northern sector of the CIS.
The fauna of the CIS is not rich and there are no protected species. There are some bird species inhabited in fields, orchards, vineyards, residential settlements and small plantations (forest strips, alleys, and bushes) as well as rodents, foxes and lizards.
There are two forest buffer strips in the SP-18 sector that run from the southwest to the north-east through its center. Walnut trees are planted alongside the roads. These single row plantings cannot fulfill the agro-ecologic functions of forest buffer strips and are in poor condition.
Aquatic fauna
There are numerous fish species inhabited in the CIS Puhaceni river segment mainly along the riverbanks and close to sand bars: roach, bream, crucian carp, bleak, barbel, chub, sneep, asp, perch, pike perch, bullheads, etc. The average long term concentration of young fish is 0.0016 specimens/m 3 . Phytoplankton and zooplankton are characterized by high species biodiversity and significant amounts of biomass. Average seasonal biomass of phytoplankton is 4.11 g/m
3
.
Average seasonal biomass of zooplankton is 0.99 g/m
3
. Average seasonal biomass of zoobenthos is 8.49 g/m
2
. Average seasonal biomass of soft zoobenthos is 4.37 g/m2. The proportion of washed off zoobenthos in this section of the river and species composition of benthic organisms is less than 25% with an average seasonal biomass of 1.09 g/m 3 .
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4.8.
Natural Protected Areas
9
Nearby the Puhaceni command area there are no natural heritage sites or any other state-protected areas. There are no ecologically valuable areas in proximity of the Puhaceni command area.
Thus, the project will not affect ecological stability of the region.
9 Biological Diversity Conservation. National Strategy and Action Plan, 2002.
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5.
ENVIRONMENTAL AND SOCIAL IMPACT
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
5.1.
Environmental impact
5.1.1.
Impacts Identified by the ESIA Study
Reconstruction of the CIS Puhaceni will bring positive changes by delivery of irrigation water that the farmers are in need of. The access to water for irrigation is expected to improve the general working conditions of farmers and switch the traditional way of agriculture to a modern, more efficient, and environmentally friendly one, including better soil conservation. As a consequence of these an increase in the harvest of high-value crops – which are much easier to sell - should increase rural incomes and food security. The impact of the above factors should be a reduction in poverty and a decrease in poverty-caused out-migration in the area.
The likely adverse environmental impacts could occur during the construction phase and less during the operation phases of the CIS Puhaceni. These may include:
pollution of water resources (surface and groundwater) and soil due to spillage of oil/fuel/lubricants and waste disposal on temporary construction site (machinery sites, storage facilities, sanitary facilities, camps, etc.);
destruction of water-dependant habitats due to replacement of intake pipes and building of new fish protection structures
temporary air pollution (primarily due to dust) related to increased truck traffic during the construction;
degradation of landscape and soil erosion because of improper disposal of excavated materials and construction waste;
noise and vibration disturbances during trench excavation; and,
damage to fish populations, especially to larval fish and fries during water withdrawal.
The positive environmental and social impacts of using a rehabilitated CIS will be the following:
Better soil management due to use of modern soil protection agriculture practices;
Efficient energy use due to installation of more efficient pumps;
Increased general management skills, and soil and water management skills, in particular;
Positive changes toward more environmental friendly behavior are likely to occur among the farmers and their families.
Overall positive impacts from the rehabilitation effort are long term and cumulative in their nature, ultimately contributing to increased social benefits for the affected communities.
5.1.2.
Impacts Specified by the Current Study
The analysis of design documentation and the field assessment conducted within the period from
September 2012 to February 2012 have confirmed the main conclusion drawn by the year 2010
ESIA study: if the existing norms in construction and norms for irrigation and agricultural techniques recommended by the soil study are respected, the project intervention at the CIS
Puhaceni will generate insignificant, short-term, local in nature, and easy to mitigate and compensate adverse environmental and social impacts.
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The Puhaceni Site-Specific ESMP identified the following temporary main potential adverse impacts foreseen during the construction and operational phase of the project (Tables 1 and 2):
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Table 1. Puhaceni Site-Specific adverse impact: construction phase
Components of the irrigation
System
Project intervention Type of works
Replacement of fish protection structure (3 suction pipes for each of the pumping station SP-17 and
SP-18)
Replacement of pumps at
SP-17, SP-18 stations
Temporary lay down
(storage) of the outdated pumps within the pumping station yard
Renovation of the building of the SP-17, SP-18 pumping stations
Dismantling of the old fish protection installations.
Assembling of new fish protection installations.
Dismantling
Assembling
Carrying weights
Digging trenches; pipes, valves, etc. assembling
Renovation works,
Removing asbestos (roof),
Removing the old paint from walls and metal works
Heavy mechanical equipment movement on site: tracks, crane, bulldozers, etc.
Excavation
Pressure test Pressure testing in conformity with approved procedures
Nature and features of potential impact
Sediment detachment and death of benthos and plankton organisms
Oil spills inside the pumping station building
Spillage on the soil during the loading on the track
Noise
Dust
Rubble including asbestos and lead containing paintings
Noise
Soil compaction
Mixing deeper soil level with the top (productive) soil
Interrupted land use
Lost of harvest
Limitation of common agro-activities
Leakages
Rupture of pipeline
Soil washed away
Backfilling of trenches Heavy mechanical equipment movement on site: tracks, crane, bulldozers, etc.
Excavation
Noise
Soil compaction
Classification of impact
Local
Short-term
Self reversible
All works conducted inside the building
Local
Long term
Hardly reversible
Local
Short term
Easy to mitigate
Local
Short-term
Easy to mitigate
Local
Short term
Heavy reversible
Easy to mitigate
Local
Short-term
Easy to mitigate
Needs for environmental protection measures
YES
NO
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
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Components of the irrigation
System
Project intervention Type of works
Cutting-off up to 1 m fragments of asbestos pipes
Excavation, pipe fitting, asbestos pipe cutting, backfilling
Nature and features of potential impact
Soil erosion, asbestos health impact
Pipeline in vicinity of residential aria
Digging trenches, pipe, valves, hydrants, etc. assembling
Pressure test
Excavation
Heavy mechanical equipment movement on site: tracks, crane, bulldozers, etc.
Excavation
Heavy mechanical equipment movement on site: tracks, crane, bulldozers, etc.
Excavation
Pressure testing in conformity with approved procedures
Noise
Soil compaction
Disturbance of residents
Noise
Soil compaction
Mixing deeper soil level with the top (productive) one
Interrupted land use
Lost of harvest
Limitation of common agro-activities
Leakage of water
Rupture of pipeline
Soil washed away
Backfilling of trenches
Intersection with underground infrastructures: electrical cables, communication lines.
Heavy mechanical equipment movement on site: tracks, crane, bulldozers, etc.
Excavation
Excavation, pipe fitting, asbestos pipe cutting, backfilling
Noise
Soil compaction
Soil erosion, asbestos health impact
Local
Short-term
Easy to mitigate
Local
Short term
Hardly reversible
Easy to mitigate
Local
Short-term
Easy to mitigate
Local
Long term
Hardly reversible
Easy to mitigate
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Classification of impact
Local
Long term
Hardly reversible
Easy to mitigate
Local
Short-term
Easy to mitigate
Needs for environmental protection measures
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
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Table 2. Puhaceni Site-Specific main adverse impact: operational phase
Over moister the soil (over irrigated spots of land)
Heavy machinery use on arable land
Water leakages, pipeline breaks
Pipes repair
The nature of work
Functioning of the Pumps
Intensive and aggressive irrigation
Improper maintenance of equipment
Intensive use of pesticides (modern generation of pesticides: selective, non-persistent) and over use of fertilizers
Potential use of prohibited (obsolete) pesticides
(POPs)
The nature and type of potential impact
Characterization of impact
DIRECT IMPACT
Water withdrawal
Suction into the pipes of the spawn and fry
Local / Long-term /Heavily reversible
Local / Long-term / Irreversible Lost of soil structure
Water erosion
Water stagnation, soil erosion
Compaction of arable layer
Water loses
Soil washed away
Lost harvest
Local / Short term / Reversible
Local / Short term / Reversible
Local / Short term / Irreversible
Soil pollution
Energy lost
Soil compaction
Soil pollution
Local
Short term
Irreversible
Local / Short term /Reversible
Soil pollution
Water pollution
INDIRECT IMPACTS
Local / Mid-term / Reversible
Soil pollution
Crops pollution
Water pollution
Regional (Global) / Long-term /
Irreversible
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Necessity for environmental protection measure
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
YES
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The likely negative environmental impacts at the construction phase are predictable, expected to be localized and short-term. The negative impacts at the operational phase are predictable, local, but some of them are long-term by nature. The last statement is particularly relevant to impacts on soil and river ecosystems. As was shown in the Puhaceni Soil Study (refer to Annex E,
Chapter 8.2), three main risks common for all soil types of the irrigation massif are: 1) over moistening of soil structural aggregates, formation of fine particulates and their downfall within the profile migration; 2) formation of the irrigation crust; 3) warping pores.
As regards the impact on river ecosystems (withdrawal of water containing biological materials), it simply could not be avoided, and it will be a pressure on the river during the lifetime of the irrigation system. However, this impact could be compensated as it is described in the Hydrobiological Study annexed to this ESMP (refer to Annex G) and minimized by installation of fish protection devises (gravel filters or bell type fish and fries stopper) as well as by reducing the amount of used water through optimized the irrigation schedule.
As a result of timely and proper implementation of this Environmental and Social Management
Plan with appropriate mitigation measures, which are described in the next chapter and summarized in the Mitigation Measures table provided in Annex A, all these potential negative impacts can be prevented and/or minimized.
5.2.
Social impact
Short-term adverse social impacts may occur during construction phase of the project as a result of dislocation and demolishment of private holdings appearing within the easements (temporary and permanent structures, trees, etc.), some disturbance of public transport could occur for shorttime which will also change for short-term the habits of Puhacei and Delacau villages inhabitants.
At the same time, during the construction phase there is a number of social aspects which have been raised during the Public Consultation meeting (refer to Annex I) and which should be considered by CC as well as by WUA (to be noted that the latter is expected to play the leading role in monitoring the social impacts and taking corrective measures).
These possible social impacts associated with construction phase are:
The disturbance of existing for many years community habits and rules by newly arrived persons (team of workers which will stay in town or could spend their leisure / after working shifts time in above mentioned localities).
The use of child labor;
The health hazards on local people.
With regard to operational phase, the transition to irrigated agriculture provides many opportunities for all the members of WUA, who are direct beneficiaries of renovated CIS. At the same time, there should be considered some possible evolutions that new CIS could trigger:
Equity in access to water, especially during the “peak demand” – relation “big farms vs. small farms”, gender aspect of the access to water,
The interest of investors in developing intensive agriculture (intensive agriculture usually means large land areas which will raise the issue of consolidation of small terrains) vs. small farms and individual farmers and their interests and possibilities,
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In case of consolidation of land the way of distribution of benefits among farmers (either crops or incomes after the crops were sold on market) could become an issue of disputes since the fertility of soil is not evenly spread over the command area (equity in distribution),
Coping with possible low prices for crops on markets vs. high harvests, assuming that irrigation will secure increase of yield, could bring a lot of concerns to farmers in terms of storage of yield and preserving it (not enough storage facilities exists and processing facilities).
It is expected that newly constructed CIS will generate demand for additional labor force and as a consequences the phenomenon of child labor use is likely to occur.
Intensive irrigation will most likely generate the use of pesticide and fertilizers which must be seen as a threat for human health and treated with care.
The list of social impact is not exhaustive, some more social impact could occur during construction or operational phase of the project. In this respect, the role of WUA in timely identification and prevention is crucial.
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6.
MITIGATION MEASURES
The mitigation measures proposed for the CIS Puhaceni construction phase shall be executed by a CC. During the operational phase, the Puhaceni WUA “ACVA-Group” will monitor that the measures proposed in this ESMP (and subsequent updates thereof) are implemented.
6.1.
Construction Phase
The requirements outlined in this chapter aim to assist the CC in developing its own
Constructor’s Environmental and Social Management Plan (CESMP). The CC will appoint one
Environmental & Social and Health & Safety Manager (ESHSM), whose duties throughout the construction period will be primarily connected to environmental and social management and health and safety on site. This representative will coordinate with the MCA-Moldova, Engineer,
SEI and other concerned central and local institutions the implementation, supervision, reporting, and follow-up action with regard to the ESMP.
6.1.1.
Mitigation of Environmental impacts
6.1.1.1 Soil Protection
The objective of the ESMP with regard to soil protection is to preserve the soil quality by:
minimizing soil erosion by reducing the influence of the water erosion (water runoff) and wind erosion,
minimizing the compaction of the soil within the irrigation fields;
exclusion to the maximum extent possible of the oil and fuel spills on the ground;
avoiding to the maximum extent possible creation of new borrow pits for soil, sand and gravel supply.
Recommended measure to reach the proposed objectives are:
During the trench excavation the existing roads (some of them covered with gravel) should be used to a maximum extent possible by tracks, bulldozers and other heavy machinery. This will reduce the presence of heavy machinery on the fertile soil and accordingly the compaction of it. The CC in its CESMP will make exact drawings supported by written instruction on exact point of entry on site for the heavy machinery with the only purpose to safeguard as much as possible not paved local roads and soil from compaction.
During the excavation of 2-m-depth trenches the excavated soil should be segregated.
The guideline for this operation will be the norm GOST 17.5.3.06-85 on preserving the fertile top soil during excavations. There will be 50-60 cm of fertile top soil and 130 cm of mother rock to deal with during excavation. Both types of soils will be stored in piles on the edges of the trench. The general rule of piling will be segregation by fertility: the fertile soil layer (excavated up to maximum of 50-60 cm depth (one excavator’s bucket of
650 cm 3 capacity) will be piled on the right edge of the trench. The deeper soil (the nonarable layer) on the left edge accordingly. The piles of fertile top soil piles will be marked as “top soil” on site plan (sketch). This should be done in order not to mix the type of soil during the back filling operations. Handling of too wet or too dry soil should be avoided.
Handling wet soils can result in the creation of a hard, dense layer with low permeability.
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Handling extremely dry soils can result in degradation of soil structure and loss of organic matter.
The backfilling of the trenches will be done in opposite order the mother rock is filled in back into the trench first and then the fertile soil piles will level the trench. It is foreseen that the filled in soil will be compacted with special equipment, but only to reach the initial state of the soil.
The oil and fuel spill control should be secured by daily checks of the state of the heavy machinery. It will be done before and after each work shift.
Exclude the use of arable land for earth borrowing.
Avoid to the maximum extent possible establishing of new quarries, use the already in operation borrows pits for soil, sand or gravel supply. In case establishing a new borrow pit could not be avoided the requirements mentioned in Technical Specification should apply.
6.1.1.2 Surface water protection
The objective of the ESMP with regard to surface water resources is to minimize direct and indirect surface water pollution and disturbance of communities of aquatic organisms by:
reducing /controlling to the maximum extent the primary source of pollution (lubricants and fuel spillage from heavy machinery)
minimize the disturbance of the bottom sediments during the construction of the fish protection structures as well as
during the suction pies replacement (excavations into the flood protection dike at SP-17 and SP-18 in order to replace the suction pipes).
The direct impact on the surface water resources (Nistru River) is foreseen during excavation of the dikes around the pumping stations SP-17 and SP- 18, construction of fish protection structure as well as replacement of suction pipes. During these interventions, the following disturbances to environment are possible:
surface water pollution with lubricants and fuel spills (since the operations will be conducted from a pontoon the possible spillage will directly reach the water)
decrease of number of aquatic organisms and loss of their habitats due to sediment detachment from the bottom of the river (this operation could kill a number of fries, fish spawn, zoo-plankton and benthos organisms down stream the operational point because of increased amount of suspended particles in the water (suspended particles obstruct the birthing organs of hydro-organisms);
crumbling of river banks (the same effect as above)
These disturbances will be mitigated by:
regular check of the machinery to exclude the spillage of lubricants and fuel / oil into water, and
using geo-grid during dike excavation works (replacement of suction pipes)
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NB!
Sand and gravel extraction from the Nistru River is prohibited! CC should secure that any sand / gravel are borrowed from authorized quarries. In case of purchase of sand and gravel procurement documentation mandatory will enclose Certificate of Provenience, proving that the mentioned materials have been extracted from a certified / authorized borrow pit or quarry.
6.1.1.3 Underground water protection
The objective of the ESMP with regard to underground water protection is avoiding any pollution of underground waters.
In this respect only spillage of fuel and lubricants is seen as a threat for quality of underground water. No other direct impact on underground water is foreseen during the construction phase of the Project.
The existing norm “ ВСН 33-2.1.05-90 Hydro-melioration systems and installations. Hydrogeological and geological research”
requires that monitoring wells are installed with a density of
1 well per 2 km 2 , evenly distributed over the command area.
Five monitoring wells will be established by Constructor during the construction phase along the closest to Nistru River command area’s border line and water level and quality sampled are measured before the construction starts (as a baseline) and right before site delivery to the Client in order to measure changes, if any, during the construction phase, as well as to register the existing quality of underground water before the CIS management is transferred to the Puhaceni
WUA“ACVA-Group”. These wells will be further used by WUA to monitor the groundwater level and quality.
The mitigation measure is:
Permanent spill control during both construction and operational phase with immediate measure to stop them.
6.1.1.4 Air Pollution
The objective of the ESMP with regard the air quality is to minimize air borne particulate matter released into the atmosphere.
Recommended mitigation measures include:
Fitting all heavy equipment and machinery in full compliance with the national regulations;
Wetting piled soil and sand before loading, particularly in dry, windy conditions;
Employing fuel-efficient and well-maintained haulage trucks with proper exhaust baffles to minimize exhaust emissions;
Turning off the engines for all vehicles while parked on the site;
Using efficient equipment, machinery and vehicles with regular checks to affect necessary corrections or repairs and ensure compliance with safety and air pollution requirements;
Covering soil, sand, and other construction material in storage and in transit;
Using effective water sprays during the delivery and handling of all sand and aggregate and other similar material when dust is likely to be created; and,
Washing of tires and the lower body of vehicles when moving out from the construction site, as needed or reasonable, or as requested by the ES officer.
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6.1.1.5 Biodiversity and habitats protection
The objective of the ESMP related to the biodiversity conservation is to minimize and/ or exclude direct and reduce indirect impact on fauna and flora , especially those species that are listed in the
Red Book (a list of rare and endangered plant and animal species).
Terrestrial biodiversity
The Project does not envisage special impact requiring measures to particularly protecting terrestrial biodiversity at the construction phase as a very low probability of adverse effects on flora and fauna is foreseen. In general, all other measures listed in this chapter are directed to secure a natural or artificial regeneration of flora and fauna in the area of works if affected.
At the same time, it is recommended that CC, in order to reduce the indirect impact over the fauna will consider the noise factor (especially if the work is conducted during the period of mass nesting, migration), diminishing to the maximum extent the work of heavy and noisy machinery and equipment.
It is also recommended to warn workers of the need to protect the most species of flora and fauna, especially when dealing with species introduced in the Red Book (turtles, reptiles, birds, bats, etc.). For this purpose, in such a place as on-site parking of vehicles (or other suitable place) a board can be arranged, and pictures of rare and endangered species of flora and fauna (which potentially can be found in this region) will be exhibited on it. It is recommended to raise the issue during the briefing before every work shift. Besides, the workers should be warned about the consequences of infringement of the rules of hunting in general, and especially the infringements of hunting prohibition regime.
Fresh water biodiversity and water dependant habitats
It is recommended that the work on construction of fish protection structures were carried out during low river water period of the year. This will reduce the effect of water turbidity generation
(disturbance of the bottom sediments) and will reduce the spread of the stain of muddy water downstream from the place of work. If possible, the work should be performed after the passage of spawning and juvenile fish in the area of water withdrawal (October, November).
It is also recommended to carry out works from a pontoon (due safety measures for staff conducting the works on water will mandatory be developed by CC and strictly applied), since the shoreline conditions do not allow for removal / installation with shore cranes. It is recommended raising the issue during the briefing before every work shift. Besides, the workers should be warned about the consequences of infringement of the rules of fishing in general, and especially the infringements of fishing prohibition regime.
Trees
The area where cutting trees is needed are the areas next to SP-17 and SP-18 pumping stations protection dikes.
Besides, it might be necessary cutting trees in order to provide access to the site during the installation of the pipes within the command area as well as trimming trees (remove some branches) to allow the work of excavator. The exact number of trees to be removed will be identified during the implementation phase of the construction. It is anticipated that very few trees from surrounding the pumping station area will have to be removed. The trees cutting and trimming will be, in any case, coordinated with the local environmental authorities.
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6.1.1.6 Land use, infrastructure, properties
The objective of the ESMP with respect to land use, infrastructure is to minimize the disturbance of the infrastructure in use by inhabitants of the nearest villages – Puhaceni and Delacau.
The recommended measures to mitigate negative impact on local population are:
To agree on terms of handing over the road to the local / road authorities.
Mains by pass will be designed and all environmental protection measures describing the mitigation of impact over the soil, roads, air pollution/dust applies here.
All lines where infrastructure like electrical, communication cables is buried will be marked and excavators work will be prohibited in this areas. Digging the trench in this area will be done manually.
The site manager will be in possession of all emergency phone numbers, stop the work immediately if a break of cable happens and inform the project manager and relevant emergency response services.
6.1.1.7 Noise and vibration disturbances during trench excavation
The objectives of the ESMP in relation to noise and ground vibration management are to minimize noise level increases during construction operations as well as to minimize/avoid ground vibration due to construction operations.
Recommended mitigation measures include:
Fitting all powered mechanical equipment and machinery with noise abating gear, such as mufflers for effective sound reducing, in full compliance with the applicable regulations;
As possible, operating heavy equipment during daylight hours;
Terminating works at the established time (e.g., work during daylight hours), and avoiding increase of noise during peak hours;
Isolating construction equipment that generates excessive noise/vibration;
Using well-maintained haulage trucks with speed controls;
Taking reasonable measures, such as installing acoustic screens to minimize noise near noise-sensitive areas (residential area);
Ensuring the CC takes responsibility for rectifying damages caused by vibration generated from or by the use of any equipment, machinery, and haulage vehicles
6.1.1.8 Protective measures during the pressure tests
When pressure tests are conducted, CC must ensure a direct communication line with the personnel in switch area of the pumping station who will switch off the pumping immediately if the pipe breaks occur and open the drain valve to empty the system.
6.1.1.9 Handling and Storage of Hazardous Materials and Wastes
The objective of the ESMP in relation to handling and storage of hazardous materials is to minimize contamination of the immediate surroundings as well as to reduce or eliminate the potential risk of exposure to hazardous materials for workers and the public.
Recommended mitigation measures include:
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Storing hydrocarbons and hazardous materials on impervious ground under cover and constructing the storage area as a spill tray to avoid spread of accidental spills;
Providing safe ventilation for storage of volatile chemicals;
Restricting and controlling access to areas containing hazardous substances;
Asbestos wastes and lead containing wastes (old paintings) to be handled - follow procedures as described in Annex D.
6.1.1.10 Rubble and Construction Waste Disposal
The objectives of the ESMP in relation to rubble and construction waste disposal management are to minimize the generation of rubble and construction waste, to optimize the reuse of spoil and construction waste as well as to ensure safe and proper disposal of rubble and construction waste.
Recommended mitigation measures include:
Estimating the amounts and types of spoil and construction waste to be generated by the project (e.g. removed hydrants, old paint, roofs, lead from electrical equipment).
Providing for zones of preliminary accumulation of wastes that will cause no damage to the vegetation cover and other components of the environment.
Identifying potential safe disposal sites close to the project sites, and in consultation with
SEI investigating the environmental conditions of the disposal sites and preparing recommendations on the most suitable and safe sites.
Transferring and disposing unsuitable excavated material in designated locations agreed to by relevant organizations. The disposal site shall be far from water streams (> 1 km) and away from low-lying areas.
Systematically carrying away unsuitable excavated materials from areas prone to erosion;
Reusing waste materials wherever possible;
Recovering and reusing or removing used oil and lubricants from the site in full compliance with the national and local regulations (only within designated area)
Burning of oil wasted, debris, or other waste material is prohibited.
6.1.1. 11 Historic and Cultural Monuments
The objective of the ESMP in identifying and preserving historic, cultural, and religious monuments is to protect the monuments from accidental damage by construction activities.
Recommended mitigation measures include:
Ceasing work as soon as historical and cultural monuments are encountered during earthworks or other construction activities
Providing relevant information to the National Archeological Agency under the Ministry of Culture. It will determine the value of the historic/archaeological monuments and provide guidance on whether and how to proceed with the construction. This may include excavating or otherwise documenting the monuments before further proceeding, or in cases of very valuable features, developing a design to avoid disturbance to monument.
6.1.1.12 Camping Site for the project team
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Camping Site, if needed, will be organized within the pumping station yard and will be provided all welfare units needed to secure safety of equipment and conditions for good rest for the team: dinning area, adequate sanitation, and rooms for night sleep. However, the final decision about the accommodation of workers will be made by the CC management.
6.1.2.
Mitigation of Social Impacts
The objectives of the ESMP in relation to social impact management are:
To schedule the construction activities for the purpose of avoiding or minimizing impacts of construction activities on farmers and their businesses;
To ensure that relationship between the CC and the affected by project population remains positive throughout project works and there is good communication and exchange of information;
To avoid impact on public health, including prevention of spread of HIV/AIDS and STIs
To insure there is no incidence of Trafficking In Persons, forced and child labor as part of
CC’s works;
To ensure that the project contributes to achieving social and gender equality objectives provided by local legislation and MCC Policy.
For the purpose of achieving these objectives, the CC, as part of its CESMP, will develop a
Social Management Plan (SMP). This SMP will aim at achieving sustainable socially acceptable development interventions under the THVA Project. CC’s SMP will contain four constituent plans with actions specified in the MCA Moldova Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP) for
THVA Project (MAFP, Social and Gender Plan, TIP Risk Management Plan, and HIV/AIDS
Risk Management Plan).
The mitigation measures included in the SMP will be designed and implemented under the four key components described below.
6.1.2.1 Mobility and Access Facilitation Plan (MAFP)
The Mobility and Access Facilitation Plan is aimed at ensuring that the mitigation of negative impacts of construction related works on the project population is planned in advance and where and to extent possible CC undertakes social responsibilities for the purpose of maximizing the positive effects of the project, through friendly communication with local people, keeping the local people posted about the company plan for next days, weeks, announcing in advance about intervention which might temporary disturb the customs of local people, etc.
The MAFP will include the following:
Providing measures in accordance with the construction schedule to avoid or minimize impacts of construction-related road closures and blocking of access to properties – closure local roads (unlikely, but if it would be required), access to Nistru bank via roads crossing the command area, access to private land, etc.
Minimizing impact of laying-off of utilities such as electricity, gas, water supply during construction;
Informing the project population about the schedule of construction activities and road closures, electricity/gas cut-off (if any);
6.1.2.2 Gender Plan
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The social and gender objectives of CC’s Social and Gender Plan (SGP) originates in the MCA
Moldova Social and Gender Integration Plan and will aim at addressing specific social and gender issues which were identified during previous discussions in the framework of the THVA
Project.
Under the SGP the CC is required to:
Ensure exchange of information between CC and the local population. This includes installing by CC of information boards in village along command area.
CC is encouraged to contribute to job-creation for the local population, with target on women and youth, but also other groups. This may include small-scale supply contracts or services, while announcement of jobs required may be published on the information boards.
Be aware of and contribute to successful implementation of the RAP.
6.1.2.3 Trafficking in Persons Management Plan (TIP)
Trafficking in Persons is defined as the recruitment, transportation, transfer, harbouring or receipt of persons, by means of the threat or use of force or other forms of coercion, of abduction, of fraud, of deception, of the abuse of power or of a position of vulnerability or of the giving or receiving of payments or benefits to achieve the consent of a person having control over another person, for the purpose of exploitation. Exploitation shall include, at a minimum, the exploitation of the prostitution of others or other forms of sexual exploitation, forced labor and child labor or services, slavery or practices similar to slavery, servitude or the removal of organs.
The CC’s TIP Mitigation Plan must include, but not limited to:
A signed statement that the CC certifies that it is not engaged in, facilitating or allowing
TIP, forced labor or child labor for the duration of the contract.
The CC will ensure that TIP will not be tolerated on the part of employees or contract workers and that engaging in TIP is cause for suspension or termination of employment or of the contract; accordingly CC should include this provision in the employment contracts.
Raising the level of awareness of employees, and sub-contractors and workers on the issue including providing information on the risk areas and the penalties for involvement in TIP. The raising of awareness will be ensured through conducting of a number of training for the CC’s staff and sub-contractors. Conducting of TIP, forced and child labor awareness can be done separately or as part of the Operational Safety and Health training.
A requirement and system to report suspicions or know incidents of TIP to MCA
Moldova and responsible Government authorities; and to refer potential victims to appropriate agencies. The contact information of these authorities should be made known to all workers and other participants of the awareness campaign, inclusively through the distribution of leaflets.
6.1.2.4 HIV/AIDS and STD Management Plan
CC’s HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD) Plan should be aimed at:
Avoiding conflicts with local communities by providing resources for worker requirements at camp stores and regulating outside visits.
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Avoiding the potential spread of vector borne diseases and communicable diseases, such as STDs and HIV/AIDS, through awareness and prevention activities among construction workers.
Conducting awareness programs on HIV/AIDS and STD prevention for the population close to the construction campsites.
HIV/AIDS and STD Prevention Measures under the Plan shall include, but will not be limited to the following actions:
Conduct awareness on HIV/AIDS and STI prevention for the project population.
Provide HIV and STI prevention materials for construction workers, such as booklets, pamphlets, posters, in local language(s).
Conduct awareness on HIV/AIDS and STI prevention for construction workers.
Include HIV and STI prevention intervention clauses in construction contracts
Discourage abuse of drugs (alcohol and narcotics).
Tailor messages to the general workforce, and separately to men and women.
Use professional organizations such as NGOs and Community Based Organizations
(CBOs) working on HIV prevention.
Subsidize male and female condom distribution for construction workers.
Provide Information on Access to Comprehensive HIV and STI Services.
Educate communities and workers on how to avoid STIs, to recognize common STI symptoms, and to seek treatment via confidential referral systems.
Provide Information on Voluntary Counseling and Testing (VCT) Services in the Project area or elsewhere in proximity to the Project area
Publicize the existence of anonymous VCT service (testing, pre-test, and post-test counseling)
Educate people on how to avoid OIs, to recognize common OI symptoms, and to seek treatment and Provide Information on Access to Treatment of Opportunistic Infections
(OIs):
6.2.
Operation Phase
It must be noted that the activities and mitigation measures applied during the operational phase will not be the responsibility of the CC, the Engineer, MCA-Moldova, or MCC. The Puhaceni
WUA as the managing entity of the rehabilitated CIS has the responsibility to consider these measures, and to bring these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate.
6.2.1.
Mitigation of Environmental Impact
During the operational phase, in Puhaceni command area the following environmental components will be affected the most:
1) groundwater - due to potential increase of water table and water pollution
2) aquatic ecosystems - due to potential decrease of biodiversity, and
3) soil - due to potential deterioration of soil structure.
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6.2.1.1 Groundwater
Mitigation: to develop irrigation management to avoid deep percolation; irrigation systems should be managed for zero or minimum deep percolation during the growing seasons to keep fertilizer and pesticides in the root zone as long as possible. Irrigation schedule should be based on soil moisture content and plant appearance (since the key issue is to maintain plants growth, with minimal risk of deep percolation; thus, irrigation scheduling should be designed to reflect local soil and plant characteristics, etc).
6.2.1.2. Aquatic Ecosystems (Damage to Fish)
Mitigation: to avoid over abstraction of water during the spawning period (April – June) and during the ramp fry (September – October), to establish fish protection structures and maintain them appropriately, compensation for damage to fish.
6.2.1.3. Soil degradation:
Despite the fact that the normative of irrigation (300 m
3
/ha/10 hours irrigation cycle) is actually equal with the maximum capacity of CIS (hydraulic module 0,8 liter / second / ha /10 hours irrigation cycle) when applied per one irrigation unit of 2 ha (345 m
3
/ha/10 hours irrigation cycle) meaning that irrigation is treated with precaution. This is first to protect the grain-size composition of top soil, which if damaged by big water drops could trigger the process of pore clogging and eventual installation of a defect aero-hydro regime in the irrigated soils that will favor anaerobic processes, especially the gleyic process that has a strong negative impact on soils.
Mitigation: (i) to avoid the negative processes, the moisture regime has to be permanently preserved at the level of the moisture content at capillary bounds interruption (0.70- 0.75 Field
Water Capacity); (ii) it is necessary to cover the soil surface with organic mulch (10-15 t/ha). The latter will lead to a significant reduction of physical evaporation, and by reducing the necessary number of irrigations it will ensure a stable hydrothermal regime that will exclude the exaggerated soil drying/freezing and protect the soil structure against the destructive action of water drops; (iii) use of non aggressive irrigation (small drop size) methods; (iv) even though the relief in Puhaceni command area do not favor huge run-off formation applying anti-erosion method of crop cultivation could be considered by local water for irrigation users (see Chapter
8.1 of the Soil Study in Annex E).
As regards salinization, solonetsization, secondary salinization the risk to induce these processes by using the Nistru River waters is negligible under the condition that the irrigation normative is respected.
Hence, the environmental objective of water users should be: judicious use of soil and water resources. The economic incentives to achieve this goal will be applied.
It is to be also mentioned that:
Over-irrigating is quite unlikely since Puhaceni WUA “ACVA-Group” will pay for water use and the water consumption will be metered.
Compensation will be paid by Puhaceni WUA in accordance with the law On fish conservation, fishery and fish farming to recover losses of fish population. The payable amount is linked to amount of water used (the amount is indicated in Annex G, Chapter
4).
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Fish protection structures will be installed at the suction pipes and the whole installation will be operational under supervision and O&M costs of the Puhaceni WUA.
At the same time:
The new pumps to be installed are energy efficient;
The irrigation equipment is modern one, designed to reach the highest irrigation efficiency standards,
It is recommended that WUA will use the moisture measurement units (e.g. tensiometers) which will help to determine exactly when and how much irrigation should be done.
Plan with appropriate mitigation measures for the operational phase is summarized in Annex A to this ESMP.
6.2.2.
Mitigation of Social Impact
It must be noted that these mitigation measures will not be the responsibility of the CC, the
Engineer, MCA-Moldova, or MCC. The WUAs as the managing entity of the rehabilitated CIS has the responsibility to consider these measures, and to bring these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate.
The mitigation measures listed for construction phase of the project could be applied during the operational phase as well since the issues of Gender approach in operational activities, combating child labor, TIP, HIV/AIDS and Sexually Transmitted Diseases (STD), are the ones which can affect the community any time and unexpectedly and the community have to be informed about this threats and be prepared to prevent or counteract. Thus, the list of suggested mitigation measures that WUA should apply would be as indicated in Table 3.
Table 3 Suggested mitigation measures
Social impact identified
Inequity in access to water:
big farms vs. small farms;
gender dimension of the issue
Mitigation measure
Use of mechanisms of decision making offered by
WUA Charter in combating inequity in access to water
Reflect gender dimension in decision making process documentation (Charter of WUA)
Involving interested the third parties (representatives of relevant national / local NGOs) into decision making process, secure the maximum transparency of decision making and involve media
Opposite interest of small farms and big farms in terms of land-use, consolidation of plots issues, etc.
As above
Limited access to markets
Limited leadership of women in CIS management
Use the possibilities of WUA as juridical entity to overcome the existing barriers in access to markets, combat unfair competition, and corruption
Providing women with opportunities to play leadership roles in WUA
Insufficient knowledge and skills and accordingly the low willingness of women to play leading , proactive role in CIS management
Providing women with the opportunities to take the lead, promote and encourage them to take leading roles
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Social impact identified
Increased demand for labor force
Mitigation measure
Send them to general management / irrigation / modern agro-techniques trainings as much as possible
Use of labor-saving technologies, mechanization of the work
Use of child labor as a consequences of scarcity of additional labor force in the area
Implement labor-saving technologies; consider low labor force demanding crops cultivation (or crops suitable for mechanical cultivation), involve relevant social and labor authorities to solve the issue when needed
Health threat during the works, especially handling chemicals, pesticides first of all
Training on safety measures on pesticides use
Threat of HIV/Aids and STD Awareness, information campaigns
One believes that the principle to be applied in mitigation social impacts should be prevention and anticipation. In this respect WUA should establish a permanent group with the function of problems identification. Informal discussions with target audience as well as information campaign, dissemination of written materials and case studies – these activities should be conducted on regular basis. In this respect WUAs should base upon and work together with community most active persons/organizations, relevant NGOs, education institutions, church and of cause local authorities.
Implementation of mitigation measures would require a lot of capacity building activities. In this respect support to WUA via trainings is foreseen within the Compact. ISRA component of
THVA project will implement the training program covering environmental and social topics reflected in ESMP.
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7.
MONITORING PLAN
Environmental and social monitoring is necessary to track the performance of various project components and mitigation measures. It aims to ensure that the project is functioning within the limits of the environmental and social assessment and is compliant with legislative and regulatory requirements.
The monitoring plan covers the environmental, social and occupational health and safety conditions of the project. It should provide sufficient information to identify conditions which require corrective action or for which additional impact analysis and mitigation measures may be required. The monitoring plan is based on the environmental and social impacts that were predicted and the mitigation measures that were identified. Annex B provides table listing the environmental and social monitoring plan and parameters to be measured, the proposed monitoring schedule and the institutions responsible for measure the monitored parameters.
The costs estimates presented in Annex C include the cost breakdowns tables for mitigation measure and monitoring implementation as well as the purchase of monitoring equipment or services.
The overall cost for mitigation and monitor the environmental / social impacts for the CIS
Puhaceni is summarized in Table 4.
Table 4. Mitigation and Monitoring Costs for the CIS Puhaceni, lei *
Project Phase CC WUA MCA Total
Mitigation activities
Construction Phase
Operational Phase
Subtotal Mitigation
Monitoring activities: Construction Phase
Monitoring well installation, lei
Ground water (sampling 6 wells)
Subtotal Monitoring-Construction
Monitoring activities: Operational Phase
Soil monitoring, lei/year
Groundwater, lei/year
Sub-total Monitoring- Operational
Subtotal Monitoring
GRAND TOTALENVIRONMENT
& SOIAL
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
* Does not include costs for monitoring by AgeoM, State Ecological Inspectorate, State
Inspectorate for Plant Protection and National Centre for Public Health as part of their normal duties. Technical agency costs are accounted for in the line ministries annual budgets.
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The ESMP is a living document that is periodically modified to reflect the current understanding of site conditions, with the continued growth of the knowledge base throughout the life of the project. Monitoring programs must also be modified and updated to generate the most relevant data and information to characterize evolving environmental and social performance.
Implementation of these programs at the CIS will provide the data and information needed to identify, anticipate, and further mitigate the changing environmental and social conditions in the river basin over time. The monitoring program plays an important role in achieving sustainability and transparency.
Each monitoring program shall be the responsibility of key management personnel defined in the
Monitoring Plan table. They will have a power to adjust and modify operating conditions should the monitoring outcomes identify that such corrective actions are warranted.
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8.
INSTITUTIONAL RESPONSIBILITIES
Well-defined roles and responsibilities and adequate institutional arrangements are central to the effective implementation of the environmental and social safeguard measures outlined in the current ESMP. Accordingly, details of institutional arrangements and the roles and responsibilities of the various institutions in the implementation of the current ESMP and
CESMP are discussed below.
8.1.
Construction Phase
8.1.1.
Key Agencies
The Key Agencies with major roles in the implementation of the ESMP and CESMP during the construction works are:
The Contractor
The Engineer
State Ecological Inspectorate and Raional Ecological Inspections
State Fish Inspection
National Centre for Public Health (NCPH)
Raional Labour Inspection
Civil Protection and Emergency Situation Service
National Archeological Agency
In addition to the key agencies the WUA Administrative Council will also have a role in general oversight of ESMP and CESMP implementation.
8.1.2.
Role of Involved Agencies
The main responsibility for monitoring and reporting on the implementation of the ESMP and
CESMP lies with the Engineer; therefore, the Engineer through its Environmental and Social
Specialist (ESS) will be responsible for regular supervision and reporting on ESMP and CESMP implementation by the CC. The Engineer’s ESS will have access to a team of experts in different fields (water, soil, social consultant etc) in order to ensure sufficient capacity to oversee implementation of CESMP.
The implementation of the CESMP will be managed by the CC Environmental & Social and
Health & Safety Manager (ESHSM) that will be primarily responsible for daily inspection and monitoring of CESMP implementation.
The State Ecological Inspectorate and Raional Ecological Inspections, State Fish Inspection,
National Centre for Public Health (NCPH), Civil Protection and Emergency Situations Service,
National Archeological Agency and Raional Labour Inspection will monitor ESMP and CESMP implementation on basis of their internal plans as established in their regulations.
8.1.3.
Reporting and Follow-Up
The ESM and HSS will prepare monthly and incident reports (Annex J) that will be submitted to the Engineer, who will submit the reports to MCA-Moldova with their comments, observations, and recommendations. MCA-Moldova will send feedback to the Engineer through the
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 consultant(s) or directly when urgent action is required. Monitoring and reporting on the implementation of follow-up action will also be part of the duties of the ESM and HSS.
The Engineer will prepare and submit monthly project environmental and social management reports to MCA-Moldova, who will convene project environmental management meetings when necessary to discuss and instruct on the environmental and social management aspects of the
Project. The Engineer, and the Contractor will participate at the meetings. Wherever possible, representatives of WUA will also be invited to the meetings.
8.2.
Operational Phase
It must be repeatedly noted that the mitigation and monitoring activities will not be the responsibility of the CC, the Engineer, MCA-Moldova, or MCC during the operational phase.
The WUA as the economic managing entity of the rehabilitated CIS will has the responsibility to consider these measures, and to bring these to the attention of other government agencies for their action as appropriate.
8.2.1.
Key Agencies
During the operational phase, the key institutions to which the WUA will enter into juridical relation are:
AM (Monitoring and Supervising Unit)
State Ecological Inspection
State Fish Inspection
National Centre for Public Health
State Phito-Sanitary Inspection
Labor Inspection
National Bureau of Statistics
Civil Protection and Emergency Situation Service
Likewise the construction phase the WUA Administrative Council during the operational phase will has a role in general oversight of ESMP implementation and in ESMP up-dating.
8.2.2.
Role of Involved Agencies
The responsibilities of the institutions having a role in the process of CIS operation are:
The Monitoring and Supervision Unit of AM as the owner of the CIS will conduct visits / inspections to verify how the system is operated and maintained in accordance with the list of pre-established performance indicators.
The State Ecological Inspection will conduct regular inspections to check the compliance with the existing norms in terms of soil protection and waste management.
The State Fish Inspection will check whether the fish protection structure installed on suction pipes are in good condition as well as whether the compensation of damage to fish in accordance with the calculation done during the Hydro-biological Study (Annex
G) are timely covered by WUA.
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National Centre for Public Heath will monitor the bacteriological parameters of the surface water used for irrigation and will issue to WUAs recommendations for actions in case of parameters monitored excides the critical values.
The State Phyto-Sanitary Inspection is in charge for controlling overuse of pesticide and fertilizers. All used pesticides and fertilizers should be homologated in the Republic of
Moldova. The technical state of warehouses where pesticide and fertilizer are stored as well as the mode of storage will also be the subject of inspection.
The Raional Civil Protection and Emergency Situation Service will conduct regular check of the fire-fighting equipment inside pesticide warehouses and pumping stations.
National Bureau of Statistic should receive regular report from WUAs on amount of water used as well as the amount of waste produced and managed.
It should also be reminded that in case some historical and cultural monuments are encountered during earthworks or other activities of the WUA the National Archeological Agency should be contacted for further instructions.
WUA reporting activity will consist in providing the reports to public enforcement institutions in line with existing legal requirements.
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9.
CAPACITY BUILDING
It should be stated that there will be two kind of trainings to be provided during the implementation of the project: a) training conducted by CC environmental and social staff for workers and local villagers during the conduction of the works (construction phase) and b) training for WUA members in order to build their capacity to manage the irrigation system after the THVA Project is completed.
Training for CC staff derives from their contractual obligations and covers only the training foreseen for the construction phase of the project aiming at implementation by CC of both environmental and social impacts mitigation measures. Some of training activities the CC will be responsible for during the works will have villagers of adjacent localities as target group
(including also the WUA members). These activities derive from Construction Contractor
CESPM, SMP, MAFP, TIP and HIV/AIDS Plans). The activities consist from seminars, meetings, information and raising awareness campaigns to be organized and conducted by CC environmental and social specialist. Costs for these activities are included into CC contract.
Training for WUA Memebers is conceived to build the capacity of the WUA to manage the
Association during the operational phase of the project, i.e. when the THVA Project is completed. In other words this training is oriented to secure the sustainability of the project results. Development and conduction of Training Program for WUA is assigned to ISRA component of THVA Project and a budget to develop and implement it is allocated.
9.1.
Training needs: Construction Phase
Implementation of Mitigation and Monitoring Plans of current ESMP implies development of program for capacity building for both construction and operational phases of the project.
For the construction phase the trainings as part of the CC duties will be conducted for workers and will need efforts and resources included in the construction costs. Besides, the CC will be responsible to conduct a number of trainings and awareness raising campaigns / seminars / meetings with the WUA addressing the topic of adverse social impacts prevention and mitigation. Gained knowledge and skills WUA will /would use during the operational phase of the project for the same purpose – prevent or/and mitigate adverse social impacts.
It is also a matter of WUA interest to work closely with the Engineer in supervision of CC activities and learn as much as possible from Engineer about the specific of this kind of work - supervision. This will help a lot in the future when WUA will have to hire services to maintain the irrigation system, conduct all kind of monitoring.
9.2.
Training needs: Operational Phase
Operational phase will require knowledge and skills of the WUA members. List of some topics that WUA will have to manage is presented below:
1. Protect the soil from degradation,
2. Protect the underground waters (if strictly confine to the territories where their farmers’ activity will be conducted) from chemical pollution (pesticides and fertilizers) and control the level of underground water.
3. Protect the crops from pests.
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4. Protect the surface waters from pollution (despite minimal direct impact the farmer activity will have upon the Nistru River). The WUA member should all the way remember that continuous supply of water to their fields depend on pollution level of the river, which in case of non-compliance could be interrupted by health authority). In this respect actions to heal the riparian catchments area will become their day by day concern and duty. They will have to monitor in order to change to better the environmental conditions of the areas which are not confined to their argi-field only.
5. Optimize the water use to not over-irrigate, to not harm excessively the river ecosystems
6. Development of performance indicators (environmental, financial, social, etc.) and crossindicators favoring reflecting environmental concerns in economic and financial planning and vice versa.
7. WUA will have to up-date this ESMP and further implement the provisions of their own
ESMP which means that problem identification, project development and planning skills, etc. related to development of an ESMP document will have to be passed on to the relevant members of WUA.
8. Relations with enforcement institutions and other juridical entities (dealing with issuing permits, authorizations for functioning, reporting, etc.).
9.3.
Training Program implementation
The list is not exhaustive but even 8 items mentioned above will require a lot of training.
It should be mentioned that the capacity building program will be developed (based among other on current ESMP) and implemented (seminars, trainings workshops, etc. conducted) during the life-time of Compact. Costs for this component of Compact will cover all of (if not more) the topics listed above and that the cost for capacity building component were foreseen from the very beginning of Compact commencement in Moldova. The ISRA component of the THVA Project is in charge with development and conduction of the training for WUA.
Nowadays the Training Program for WUA is under development by ISRA and accordingly the needed budget could not be clearly indicated yet.
The assumed amount to be spent for training activities by CC is reflected in Annex C Mitigation and Monitoring Costs, table 1.
As a concluding remark to present chapter it’s worthwhile to remind that: a) the WUA should always keep in mind the fact that they will get support until 2015 only and then they will perform all alone and b) the developer of the capacity building program (Training Programe) should design it in such a way to make sure that the tuition took place (a list of verification indicators have to be established as a part of Training Programe).
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10.
CONTRACTOR’S COMPLIANCE WITH ESMP
The current ESMP is designed to cover the overall policy of environmental and social safeguards for the project, plus all the detailed procedures and mitigations that are consistent with the design.
However, construction may uncover additional environmental and social issues that are not wholly foreseen at the time of the preparation of the ESMP.
It is important to highlight that the mitigation measures proposed in the current ESMP are generic and the Contractor is encouraged to propose alternative measures in its CESMP in order to address the impact.
10.1 Contractor’s ESMP (CESMP)
The Contractor shall develop its CESMP focusing on three key components:
Site specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP);
Social Management Plan, and
Occupational Safety and Health
The CESMP must be site-specific and should include details of control measures that will be utilized on site to minimize any potential environmental and social impacts from the proposed works/activities. It is important to note that if the proposed works/activities contained within the
CESMP are altered during the Contract, the Contractor will be required to update the CESMP to reflect any changes or modifications made.
Contractor shall use Technical Specification as a guide to develop its CESMP.
10.1.1.
Site specific Environmental Management Plan (SEMP)
The Contractor shall take all necessary measures and precautions and otherwise ensure that the execution of the Works and all associated operations on the Sites or off-site are carried out in conformity with statutory and regulatory environmental requirements of the Government of
Moldova and the Standard Specifications, where the more stringent shall apply. The Contractor shall take all measures and precautions to avoid any nuisance or disturbance arising from the execution of project activities. This shall, wherever possible, be achieved by suppression of the nuisance at source rather than abatement of the nuisance once generated.
For each area (both on and off the Site) of direct or indirect environmental impact resulting from
Contractor’s operations, a Site Environmental Management Plan (SEMP) shall be developed to be approved by the Engineer.
The SEMP details how the environmental management requirements, as outlined in the current
ESMP, will be implemented and managed on site. The SEMP shall describe in details how the
Contractor intends to mitigate construction impacts and document the response to inspecting, monitoring, verifying, internal auditing and correcting or improving environmental performance.
Detail information on SEMP shall be found in the Specifications. The Engineer may require periodic reviews, including updating of the SEMP during the Works.
10.1.2.
Social Management Plan (SMP)
As described in chapter 6, the Contractor shall develop a Social Management Plan (SMP) as part of the CESMP. The SMP is composed of four key plans with actions specified in the MCA
Moldova Social and Gender Integration Plan (SGIP) for the CISRA Project.
These plans are:
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Mobility and Access Facilitation Plan;
Social and Gender Plan;
Trafficking in Persons Plan, and
HIV/AIDS and STD Plan.
Detail information on SMP shall be found in the Specifications. The Engineer may require periodic reviews, including updating of the plans mentioned above during the Works.
10.1.3.
CESMP Implementation and required resources
As specified in chapter 8, the implementation of the CESMP will be managed by the Contractor and the Contractor’s ESM and HSS who will be primarily responsible for daily inspection and monitoring of CESMP implementation.
The CESMP and accompanied plans shall be developed prior to civil works start as specified in the Specifications. The CESMP and subsequent changes or modifications will be approved by the
Engineer.
In addition to the key specialists required, the Contractor should ensure sufficient resources and staff to meet the requirements of the ESMP and CESMP.
10.1.4.
Project Finalization
To the satisfaction of the Engineer, the CESMP shall describe specific tasks to be completed at the end of the construction activities. This will include, but not be limited to, aspects such as restoration and re-vegetation of disturbed areas, tree planting, slope treatment, implementation of specific mitigation measures as laid out in the ESMP and CESMP, reporting on final monitoring results, and resolution of complaints from communities or other stakeholders.
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11.
ESMP PUBLIC CONSULTATION
According to FS/FD Consultant’s report the affected area works cover 1 communities: Puhaceni.
The nearest to Puhaceni village and the CIS Puhaceni command area is the village of Delacau.
According to alignment of the network, the Delacau village residents are not adversely affected.
According to the MCC Public Consultation Policy and provisions of the EE & EIA law, the findings of ESMP should be presented to and discussed with the public from affected communities.
Aforesaid public consultation meeting was conducted in October 2012 followed by compulsory preliminary announcement of the public via letters sent to the mayoralty and by posting the announcements on the Information Boards next to mayoralties of Puhaceni and Delacau villages.
The Minutes of Public Consultation Meeting is attached to ESMP (Annex I). It is also to be mentioned that the people were provided two weeks for feedback. No feedback from local people, local NGOs and other interested parties from Puhaceni and Delacau villages was received.
Further, during the project implementation, in the case of new insignificant reconstruction, change of machinery and equipment on a new, more ecological one or some others activities which will not significantly affect the environment, and there is no need for special public consultation, the project owner will provide information to all interested parties about these activities by installing a notice plate placed in the project site as well as on the information board located at the mayoralty.
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Annexes
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
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Annex A. Mitigation Measures
Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Mitigation measures
Construction Phase - Environment
Fertile soil compacting, Use as much as possible pollution, erosion existing earth (gravel covered) roads for machinery movement.
Segregate temporal stockpile of trench’s earth with different quality.
Accidental soil wash-out during pressure testing of pipes section
Oil leakages during pump replacement
Lubricants and fuel leakage
(machinery camp, traffic)
Careful trench back filling with non-productive soils on the bottom.
Dispatcher
(communication) network with pumping station – stop test immediately
Prepare plan in case of accident pipe damage
Use spill pans / spill tray.
Use absorbent in case of spills on top soil.
Preventive and after work shifts inspections
Location
Construction site
Construction site
Construction site
Construction site
CIS Puhaceni pumping stations
SP-17, SP-18.
Camping site and on construction site
Timing
During construction
As above
As above
After pipe / hydrants assembling
Before trench backfilling
Engineer, WUA
As above
During works and temporal storage
Supervising agency
Engineer, WUA,
Local Ecological
Inspection
As above
As above
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection
Cost 10
CC cost
As above
As above
CC costs
As above
CC cost
Executing agency
CC
CC
CC
Daily, During construction
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection, WUA
CC cost CC
10 For costs breakdown please refer to Annex C
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Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Noise, dust
Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost 10 Executing agency
Disturbance of riparian ecosystems / destruction of water-related habitats/ damage to benthic and plankton organisms during fish protection structure installation
(filtration cartridge) as well as during the suction pipe installation
Crumbling of river banks / damage to benthic and plankton organisms during the dike excavation work
(excavation the dike in order to remove old and install new suction pipes)
Disturbance of terrestrial wildlife by noise produced by machinery
Optimization of machinery traffic and maneuvering.
During operations the engine covers of generators, air compressors and other powered mechanical equipment shall be closed.
Cover the haul of tracks.
Calm the dust with water spray.
Works to start after spawn period.
To carry out construction works from a pantoon
To minimize area under suction pipes installation works
Use of geo-grid, seeding grass to stabilize the slope after works.
Construction site,
Pumping stations site - during renovations.
CIS Puhaceni pumping stations
SP-17, SP-18.
CIS Puhaceni pumping stations
SP-17, SP-18.
Daily, During construction
Late October –
November or March
(recommended)
Late October –
November or March
(recommended)
Engineer, WUA,
Local Ecological
Agency, Local
Centre of Public health (occupational safety)
Engineer, State Fish inspection
CC costs
State Fish inspection CC cost
CC cost
(Compensation cost was identified within
Hydro-biological
Study added to this
ESMP)
CC
CC
CC
Noise reduction by stopping the engines when parked.
Inform workers about species likely to be met within the working site
CIS command area especially near the forests, forests strips, river banks.
During trenching, dike excavation
Briefings before work shifts.
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection
No cost CC
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Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Environmental pollution with solid and hazardous wastes
Asbestos wastes: environment pollution with asbestos fibers
Mitigation measures
Appropriate planning of works to minimize area under construction works.
To minimize area under debris
To arrange the place and capacities for temporary storage of hazardous wastes
(lead containing oil and painting, lubricants). To install warning signs
“Toxic waste!!! Access denied”.
Mark the storage site with warning signs “Toxic waste!!! Access denied”
To secure regular removal of wastes from construction site to designated landfill.
Separate collection, dusting prevention, wet swipe, appropriate temporal disposal, labor safety measure (PPE) – as described in details in
Annex D
Location
Construction site.
Outside the river protection zone of 1 km.
Within the dumpsite
/ landfill designated.
From construction sites to designated landfill.
SP-17, SP-18 - during roof repair
(removing asbestos plates)
29 locations within the construction sites where in each locations a 80 cm long asbestos pipe should be removed
(cut-off)
Timing
During entire works period
As above
As above
As above
During Pumping
Station renovation works,
During the works on site (installment of pipes)
Supervising agency
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection
As above
As above
As above
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection
Cost 10
CC costs
CC costs
Executing agency
CC
CC
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Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Construction Phase - Social
Health hazard for workers and local people (construction sites near residential area or other social infrastructure): dust, noise, hazardous materials
(asbestos, lead containing paintings)
Accessibility to properties by construction: reduced mobility of persons by closing the roads, if any
Disturbance of the community traditional way of life (“new men in town” effect)
Mitigation measures
Optimization of machinery traffic and maneuvering.
Cover the haul of tracks.
Calm the dust with water spray.
Use PPE equipment.
Work only during light period of day.
Zoning the site while working with hazardous materials: Dirty Zone and
Clean Zone and establish a
Decontamination Unit in between them.
Install Warning Sign.
Inform people in advance on temporary road closure
Secure by-passes.
Preventing measures: awareness about local community rules of life/behavior, information on STI, HIV/SIDA among locals and workers.
Contract clauses.
Threat of HIV/Aids and STD Preventing measures: awareness, information on
STI, HIV/SIDA among locals and workers.
Contract clauses.
Trafficking in Persons/Drugs Information
Awareness,
Contract clauses
Location
Construction site,
Pumping stations site during renovations.
Puhaceni, Delacau
Puhaceni, Delacau
Puhaceni, Delacau
Timing
Daily during the construction phase
During the construction phase
Puhaceni, eventually
Delacau
During the construction phase
During the construction phase
During the construction phase
Supervising agency
Engineer, WUA,
Local Ecological
Inspection, Local
Centre of Public
Health (occupational safety)
CC costs
Engineer, WUA,
Road Police
Engineer, WUA,
Local Authorities
Engineer, WUA,
Local Authorities
Engineer, WUA,
Local Authorities
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Cost 10
CC costs
CC costs
CC costs
CC costs
Executing agency
CC
CC
CC
CC, WUA
CC, WUA
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Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Child labor
Mitigation measures
Operational Phase – Environment
Depletion of surface water Installation of water meters. resources (water abstraction)
Information
Awareness,
Contract clauses
To develop proper irrigation schedule.
To develop irrigation application based on soil moisture parameter and growing crops.
Energy consumption Optimizing the energy efficiency of the pumping system through its operation and management, including regular monitoring and maintenance. Establish energy efficiency indicators.
Proper maintenance of pumps.
Use of aggressive (large drop size) irrigation - soil grain-size structure deterioration
Soil washed as consequence of leakages from pipes, hydrants
Use of non-aggressive methods of irrigation (refer to recommendations provided in the Soil Study –
Annex E)
Technical inspection of system.
Location
Puhaceni, Delacau
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
Timing
During the construction phase
Supervising agency
Engineer, WUA,
Local Authorities,
Labor Inspection
Cost 10
CC costs
Before signing the
Management
Transfer Agreement
AM
As above
As above
THVA Project costs
No costs
No coasts
Executing agency
CC, WUA
WUA or service outsourced
Before signing the
Management
Transfer Agreement
Self-control
During the irrigation period
Self-control (no enforcement institution exists)
Recurrent task AM
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
WUA costs WUA or service outsourced
(recommendations of a management / agro / environmental consultant)
No additional costs WUA
WUA maintenance costs
WUA
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Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Over irrigation of fields leading to short-term water stagnation and deviation from optimal aero-hydrological soil regime
Formation of the irrigation crust on the top-soil
Mitigation measures
Adjust the irrigation schedule with the results of soil moister measurements
Location
CIS Puhaceni
Covering the soil with organic mulch or vegetation
CIS Puhaceni
Unsuitable for certain type of soil agro-technique used
Suction of fish and aquatic organisms during the water intake – damage to fish and plankton population
Potential bacteriological pollution of surface water
Potential chemical pollution of surface water
Apply soil conservation methods based on technological fiche elaborated by specialized agri-consultants
Proper maintenance of fish protection structures
Yearly compensation paid correlated with the abstracted amount of water
Establish a sanitary zone in line with the Hygienic
Regulation O n protection of water bodies against pollution no 06.6.3.23 dated 03.07. 1997
Control surface water quality
CIS Puhaceni
SP-17, SP-18
CIS Puhaceni
SP-17, SP-18 pumping stations
SP-17, SP-18 pumping ptations
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Timing
During the irrigation period
Supervising agency
Self-control. (no enforcement institution exists)
Cost 10
WUA costs
During the irrigation period
During the lifetime of the irrigation system
Self-control. (no enforcement institution exists)
Self-control. (no enforcement institution exists)
Yearly or as required
Yearly
WUA costs
WUA costs
State Fish Inspection
As above
WUA costs
WUA costs
As prescribed by
Sanitary permit issued by Local
Public health authority
According to WUA
Monitoring Plan
Local Centre of
Public Health
SEI, NCPH
WUA costs
WUA costs
Executing agency
WUA
WUA
WUA
Authorized specialists: divers.
WUA
Local Centre for
Public Health
Authorized institutions:
“Geolab”, RCAP.
Local Centre for
Public health
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Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 53
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Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Potential deterioration
(pollution) of underground and surface water quality by pesticide use
Potential raising of groundwater level
Surface water pollution
Mitigation measures
Fuel and lubricants spillage control
Development and implement the Integrated
Pest Management
Adjusting the irrigation schedule
Establish a sanitary zone in line with the Hygienic
Regulation O n protection of water bodies against pollution no 06.6.3.23 dated 03.07. 1997
Location
CIS Puhaceni
As above
CIS Puhaceni
Pumping stations’ adjacent areas
Timing
Re-current task
Before signing the
Management
Transfer Agreement
According to data of water level measurements
As prescribed by
Sanitary permit issued by Local
Public health authority
Supervising agency
SEI, AGeoM
State Phyto-Sanitary
Inspection of the
Ministry of
Agriculture and
Food Industry
Self-control
Local Centre of
Public Health
Cost 10
WUAs operational costs
WUA costs
WUA cost
Executing agency
Operational Phase - Social
Equity in access to water: big farms vs. small farms
Possible plots consolidation
(merge) as a precondition of transfer to intensive and more efficient agriculture could generate conflicts between big farms and small ones, groups of farmers and individuals, etc.
Raise and discuss the issue with the Administrative
Council of WUA
Follow the provision of
WUA Charter.
Transparency in decision making
Raise and discuss the issue with the Administrative
Council of WUA
Follow the provision of
WUA Charter.
Transparency in decision making
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
During regular
Administrative
Council meeting and
WUA member meetings
During regular
Administrative
Council meeting and
WUA member meetings
General Meeting of
WUA
WUA costs
WUA costs
WUA
WUA
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Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 54
WUA
Outsourcing: Agro- /
Eco Consultant
WUA
Local Centre for
Public Health
Rehabilitation Works on CISs along Nistru River
Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Gender imbalance
Mitigation measures Location Timing Supervising agency Cost 10 Executing agency
Gender inequity in access to water, decision-making, management of WUA, plots consolidation issues, etc.
Inform both men and women about what the gender balance is and the benefit of applying it.
Empowering women and girls.
Improving access to education for women and girls.
Raise and discuss the issue with the Administrative
Council of WUA
Follow the provision of
WUA Charter.
Transparency in decision making
Providing women with opportunities to take the lead in managing WUA,
CIS
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
Periodically (during the working / management meetings)
Re-current task with special topic during the meetings of
WUA
Administrative
Council
WUA Admin
Council
General Assembly of WUA
WUA costs
WUA Costs
WUA
WUA
Administrative
Council
Limited leadership of women in CIS / WUA management
Threat of TiP, HIV/Aids and
STD
Child labor as a result of increased demand for labor force and limited capacity of the villages to provide it
(shortage of labor force).
Preventing measures: awareness, information on
STI, HIV/SIDA among local risk groups (youth mainly)
Awareness about legal responsibility
WUA Code of Conduct signed by each WUA member, Transfer to modern, labor saving agrotechnologies.
CIS Puhaceni
Villages of
Puhaceni, Delacau
CIS Puhaceni
Re-current task with special topic during the meetings of
WUA
Administrative
Council
During the lifetime of the irrigation system
Periodically (during the working / management meetings)
General Assembly of WUA
WUA, Local
Authorities
WUA Admin
Council, Labor
Inspection
WUA Costs
WUA costs
WUA costs
WUA
Administrative
Council
WUA
WUA
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 55
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Millennium Challenge Account – Moldova
Type of Impact and Potential
Negative Impact
Pesticide use as a threat to human and environmental health
Mitigation measures
Follow the Instruction from
Product Safety Sheet during the use.
Appropriate storage of the pesticide stock
Location
CIS Puhaceni
As above
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Timing
During the vegetation season
The whole year
Supervising agency
State Phito-sanitary inspection, WUA
As above
Cost 10
Farmers own costs
Executing agency
WUA
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Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 56
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Annex B. Monitoring Plan
WHAT parameter is to be monitored
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
Construction Phase – Health and Safety (HS)
CC training (for workers) on Health,
Occupational Safety,
Environment
At the training venue
HS requirements compliance (logistics)
HS requirements compliance
(documentation and equipment )
Occupational safety
On Site
On site
On site
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
Engineer HS Officer as observer at training to check number of trainees and how the subject of training was disclosed.
Inspection to check Log, List of workers, Visitors Log,
ESMP, Emergency Response
Plan (including fire),
Accident Log, Emergency
Car present on site, PPE, works permits, etc as required by Regulation regarding the
Organization of the occupational safety activities at working place and risks prevention approved by
Governmental Decision # 95 of 05.02.2009 – Monitorul
Official, #34-36, 2009, art.
138 .
Inspection to check Log, List of workers, Visitors Log,
ESMP, Emergency Response
Plan (including fire),
Accident Log, Emergency
Car present on site, PPE, works permits.
Works permits according to the legal list of permits. –
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
Before commencement of work on site
Weekly, immediately before wok shifts starts. Unannounced check.
Weekly as an unannounced inspection.
Before works starts
WHO is to monitor the parameter
Engineer, WUA,
Labor Inspection
Engineer, WUA,
Labor Inspection
Engineer, WUA,
Labor Inspection,
Department of
Emergency
Situations
Engineer, WUA
Cost
CC costs
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
Engineer’s costs MCA-Moldova
Engineer’s costs MCA-Moldova
CC costs
MCA-Moldova
MCA-Moldova
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Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 57
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
WHAT parameter is to be monitored
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
Engineer will require the photocopy of permits annexed to the CC Work
Program.
Presence of PPE equipment
(respirators, gloves, glasses, coverall, etc.)
Compliance with labor safety requirements. Fire – fighting equipment.
Number of occupational accidents - documentary
Field Inspection to check
Camp Site, Sanitation, etc.
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
Randomly
When required
WHO is to monitor the parameter
Engineer, Labor
Inspection,
Department for
Emergency
Situations.
Cost
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
General working condition
On site Before works starts Engineer, Labor
Inspection
Engineer’s costs MCA-Moldova
Construction Phase – Environment
Soil quality and On site pollution
Field inspections to check application of soil protective measures application (use of roads, minimizing heavy machinery on fertile soil, segregation of soil fertile 70 cm top soil vs the soil beneath during excavation)
Field inspection to track oil and fuel spills on soil
Field inspection to check the segregated stockpiling of excavated soil and backfilling the trenches.
When deemed necessary
When deemed necessary
When deemed necessary
Engineer, WUA,
Local Ecological
Inspection
Engineer, WUA
Engineer, WUA
Engineer’s costs,
Local Ecological
Inspection costs
Engineer’s costs,
Local Ecological
Inspection costs
Engineer’s costs,
Local Ecological
Inspection operational budget
MCA-Moldova
MCA-Moldova
MCA-Moldova
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Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 58
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
WHAT parameter is to be monitored
Potential Soil loss during pressure test
Acoustic: Noise
(measure the level of )
Air quality: use of sprays and tracks hauls cover liner use to calm down the dust and minimize dust spread
Waste handling
Hazardous wastes
(asbestos and removed from walls and metal structure lead containing paintings) management
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
On site
On site
On the construction site
On the construction site
On the construction site
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
Field Inspection followed by time matching of pressure test
Aurally & Measurement of dB level
Visually & Dust measuring
Check of permits for damping the waste at the local authorized damp site
Field inspections to check conditions of wastes disposals - visually
- field inspection to check conditions of construction materials storage - visually
-Field inspections to check timely removal of wastes – visually & documentary
Check of permits for disposal of hazardous waste at the authorized damp site
- Conditions of hazardous wastes disposals – visually
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
Agreed date
During the work of heavy machinery
Unannounced
Inspection & When deemed necessary
Before work starts and during the work when deemed necessary.
During construction
During construction
During construction
Before work starts
Before work starts
WHO is to monitor the parameter
Engineer, WUA
CC & Local Centre for Public Health.
CC will keep the register with records of noise level registered on site.
CC self-monitoring with records to
Register.
Centre for Public
Health
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection
Engineer, Local
Ecological
Inspection, Local
Public Health Centre
As above
Cost
Engineer cost
CC costs,
Centre for Public
Health operational budget.
CC costs. Centre for Public Health operational budget.
Engineer’s costs,
Local Ecological
Inspection costs.
Engineer Cost
As above
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
MCA-Moldova,
(monthly reports)
MCA-Moldova,
(monthly reports)
MCA Moldova,
MCA-Moldova,
MCA-Moldova,
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Section X. ESMP – Lot #3 / CIS ‘Puhaceni’ 59
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
WHAT parameter is to be monitored
Terrestrial biodiversity protection
Underground water level and quality
Aquatic biodiversity protection
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
On the construction site
According to
ВСН 33-2.1.05-
90, the density of drilling the monitoring wells should be 1 well
/ 2 square kilometers
On the construction site
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
- Conditions of sites where hazardous wastes are stored visually
- timely removal of hazardous wastes – visually
& documentary
Inspections ( biodiversity protection issue to be mentioned by site manager during the briefing before work shift)
Sampling from wells. Float method level measurement.
Inspections to assure installation of fish protection structure in line with the design
Inspection to assure that the
SP-17 and SP-17 dikes were covered with geo-grid according to design
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
Periodically during the works and mandatory before Site Acceptance
Document signed and before Site Transfer document signed
During the construction phase - right after drilling of wells and before CIS handover to WUA.
Engineer , WUAs,
Local Ecological
Inspector.
CC (Sub-contracted licensed company)
During the installation of the filter cartridges
During the dikes excavation works
WHO is to monitor the parameter
Engineer, State Fish inspection
As above
Cost
No additional costs
CC costs 11
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
MCA-Moldova, MSU
(Monthly reports)
AgeoM
Engineer’s costs,
State Fish
Inspection operational costs
As above
MCA
11 Drilling costs, cost of underground water analysis and parameters to be analyzed are provided in Annex C, table 3
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WHAT parameter is to be monitored
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
Secure that the less harmful to biota technology is used
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
Before installation of filter cartridges
Construction Phase – Social Parameters
Local work power CIS Puhaceni employed
Check documentation,
Mandatory issue to be reported by CC
Training reports
Issue reported weekly to Engineer
Monthly Number of meetings, seminar, booklets, etc. on social risks mitigation (breaching the local way of life, child labor use, trafficking in persons/drugs, STD) conducted with workers and locals.
Number of accidents on site and off-site
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni Check documentations
(accident report format), interviews with representatives of local authorities and WUAs
Monthly and/or when deemed necessary or upon occurrence.
Handover of the Site
The terms stipulated in
Site Delivery Document
On site
(local road conditions, clean-up of site, wastes on site, etc.)
Operational Phase – Health and Safety
General rules of HSE WUA Office
Visit on site – visual inspection.
After completion of works
Yearly Relevant documentations as required by Regulation regarding the Organization
WHO is to monitor the parameter
As above
Cost
As above
WUA, Engineer
Engineer, WUAs
Engineer.
Joint inspection: CC,
Engineer, WUA
Director, Central or
Local enforcement institutions
No costs
Labor Inspection
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
No costs
CC cost
No costs
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
MCA-Moldova
MCA-Moldova
MCA Moldova
MCA-Moldova
Labor Inspection costs
-
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WHAT parameter is to be monitored
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
HOW is the parameter to be monitored of the occupational safety activities at working place and risks prevention approved by Governmental
Decision # 95 of 05.02.2009
– Monitorul Official, #34-36,
2009, art. 138
Operational Phase - Environment
Amount of water used /
Energy consumption ratio
Soil quality: agro-
Pumping station
Sample taken
Inspection to check whether water withdrawal registers are properly kept hydro- physical and physico-chemical properties of the soils from selected sample points of
2011 Soil Studies
Soil quality parameters by field tests / Laboratory tests 12
Level of soil moisture Within the command area.
Using tensiometers
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
During the irrigation season
Different: depending on the parameter to be monitored 13
WHO is to monitor the parameter
Authorized laboratories (RCAP,
Institute of
Pedology, etc.)
Cost
WUA technical staff WUA running costs
WUAs costs 14
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
AM, Bureau of
Statistics (Special
Report on Water Use)
Not applicable
Daily during the vegetation period
Farmers Amortization costs
WUA Administrative
Council (establishment of irrigation schedules)
AGeoM Groundwater level and quality
CIS Puhaceni monitoring wells
Water level measured (float method) and sample collected by local WUA designated staff
Once a year.
Annual measurement should occur at the same season each year and avoid periods of prolonged drought or intense rainfall.
WUA WUA costs 15
12 List of parameters to be monitored is provided in Annex C, table 2
13 As above
14 Cost of soil quality monitoring is provided in Annex C, table 2
15 Costs for underground water parameters to be analyzed are provided in Annex C, table 3
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WHAT parameter is to be monitored
The effectiveness of fish protection structure
(filtration cartridges)
Surface water quality
(bacteriology: pathogenic factors)
Surface water pollution
(hydrochemistry) : pH, smell, temperature, suspended solids, Ca,
Na, Mg, K, chlorides, sulfates, hydrocarbonates, carbonates, hardness, dry residue, ions sum, irrigation indicators
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
SP-17, SP-18 ends of intake pipes
Up-stream and down stream the water intakes pipes, accumulation basins
Within 100 m up or downstream of pumping station SP-17,
SP-18
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
Water samples sent to authorized laboratory for analysis (Institute of Geology and Seismology, RCAP,
Hydrometeo)
According to the existing methods (before the filtration structure and after)
Field sampling and laboratory tests in line with Hygienic
Regulation on protection of water bodies against pollution no 06.6.3.23 dated
03.07. 1997 approved by
Chief Sanitary Doctor of the
Republic of Moldova.
According to the GOST
26449.1-85
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
Water level measured before and after the irrigation season.
Yearly: April – May &
September-October during first 5 Year, then once per 5 year.
As it will be specified in Hygienic Sanitary permit
Two times a year before and after the irrigation season
(April-September)
WHO is to monitor the parameter
Institute of Zoology or State Enterprises
Acvacultura
Local Centre for
Public Health
Authorized laboratory (RCAP,
Geolab, Academy of
Science, Department of Pedology
Cost
WUA Costs 16
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
State Fish Inspection
Centre for Public
Health Costs
230-250 lei/parameter
Not applicable
To the authorized persons having the mandate to make conclusion on suitability of water for irrigation (RCAP,
Institute of Pedology,
Department of
Pedology, etc.)
16 Cost of hydro-biological measurements tbi by authorized institutions (Institute of Zoology or IS “Acvacultura”) based on legal provisions (officially approved methodology)
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WHAT parameter is to be monitored
Operational – Social
Child labor, level of
STD, cases of trafficking in persons / drugs, number of registered AIDS infected.
Social and gender impact evaluation
WHERE is the parameter to be monitored
CIS Puhaceni
CIS Puhaceni
HOW is the parameter to be monitored
Anonymous questionnaires, local/regional medical statistics, data from police
(no names, just trends)
Express social assessments
WHEN is the parameter to be monitored
6 months after construction ends
One year after and every third year after the start of operational phase
WHO is to monitor the parameter
MCA-Moldova,
MSU of AM
MCA-Moldova
(during the
Compact) , MSU of
AM
Tbi
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Cost
WHOM to report to
(decision making institutions)
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
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Annex C. Mitigation and Monitoring Costs
The costs for environmental and social mitigation measures to be undertaken by CC as well as by other actors involved are based on the prices (VAT included) for June 2012. It should be noted that the prices can change in time.
Costs breakdown are provided in the tables below:
Table 1 Breakdown costs for environmental and social impact mitigation measure
Mitigation measure Purpose Unit
Unit price, lei
Nr of
Units
Total, lei
ENVIRONMENT – Construction phase
1. Spill tray
2. Absorbent
Contain oil /fuel/ other spills
Contain oil /fuel/ other spills
3. Asbestos works and lead containing paintings
P100 Particulate Filter Respirator
Spare cartridges
Disposable mask with P2 filters
EN143
Disposable coverall
Lung protection
Four Gallons (12 litres) Sprayer
HEPA vacuum cleaner 3 mkm particulates 99,97%
Asbestos Disposal Bags
Warning signs
Decontamination Unit (tent, camp emergency shower, first aid kit, etc.)
4. Trees planting
5. Compensation for fish damage
Skin protection
Wetting asbestos cont. surfaces
Dry or wet collection of particulate
Bagging asbestos debris /(brushed old lead containing paintings from walls of pumping stations
Zoning the site
Asbestos pollution control
Compensate trees’ cutting around the dike
Repopulation with fish
SUB-TOTAL ENVIRONMENT item litre item item
Item
Item item
Item
Item item item item item
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
0.0
-
- - - - SOCIAL – Construction Phase
Activities related to implementation of
TIP, STD, Gender Plans, HS Plan
(seminars, meeting, social events, information materials, booklets, flyers, etc)
SUB-TOTAL SOCIAL
TOTAL CONSTRUCTION
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Mitigation measure Purpose
ENVIRONMENT – Operational Phase
1. Use of water meters
2. Use of tensiomenters *
Tensiometer, 12 inch long**
Tensiometer, 4 ft long**
Tensiometer tool-kit
Water consumption control
Schedule irrigation
(avoid overirrigation)
Measure soil moisture
Measure soil moisture
3. Yearly compensation for fish damage
Repopulate the water with fish (breeding)
Implementation of Integrated Pest
Management
Implementation of HS Plan
Plant protection
Occupational safety
Unit
- item item item
1m 3 water used tbi
Tbi
Unit price, lei
-
746
933
622
4***
4
4
2,984
3,732
2,488
0,0259 2,500,000 ~ 64,750 tbi
Tbi
Nr of
Units
- tbi
Tbi
Total, lei
- tbi tbi
TOTAL OPERATIONAL 73,954
GRAND TOTAL MITIGATION
* - with good care the tensiometer will work properly 2 years., ** - to secure better control over the soil moisture level there should be a couple of tensiometers forming a measurement poin on the filed: one measuring the soil moisture at up to 20-15 cm depth and another one at the depth of the roots ends (depending on crop cultivated); *** - per one soil type there will be one tensiometer’s measurement point installed
Table 2.
Parameter to be monitored
1
Apparent Soil
Density*
Field Capacity
Cost breakdown for Soil Monitoring activities –Operational Phase
Number of sampling points
2
Number of samples from one sample point
3
Number of analysis / field tests
4 [2 * 3]
Frequency of analysis
Cost per one sample analysis
(including sample preparation)
6
Frequency of analysis within 15 years monitoring cycle
7
4**
4
7***
16
28
64
5
Twice per year (April,
September)
Once in 5 year
End of crops rotation cycle****
64*2 [twice
/year]
-
-
-
Composition of soil aqueous extract pH
4
4
7
7
28
28
As above
As above
-
-
-
-
Total within
15 years monitoring cycle, MDL
8 [4*6*7]
-
-
-
-
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Parameter to be monitored
Number of sampling points
Number of samples from one sample point
3
Number of analysis / field tests
Frequency of analysis
Cost per one sample analysis
(including sample preparation)
6
Frequency of analysis within 15 years monitoring cycle
7
Total within
15 years monitoring cycle, MDL
1
Absorbed cations
Carbonates
Soil
Microstructure
2
4 7
4 [2 * 3]
28
5
As above -
4
4
7
7
28
28
As above
Once in 15 year
-
-
TOTAL for 15 years monitoring cycle, lei
Yearly AVERAGE within 15 years monitoring cycle, lei
-
-
-
8 [4*6*7]
-
-
-
-
-
* - Must be measured yearly before and after vegetation period; ** - equal to the number of soil classes identified in the Puhaceni irrigation massif; *** - standard number of samples taken from a soil profile; **** - assuming 5 main crops in Puhaceni CIS.
Table 3. Cost breakdown for Underground Water Monitoring Activities
Phase
What to be measured
Calcium
Where to be measured
How to be measured
When
Who is to measure
Cost, lei
-
Total per year, lei
-
Magnesium
Sodium
Hardness
Sulfates
Carbohydrates
Chlorines
Nitrates
Mineralization
Authorized laboratory
Reference methods in laboratory
Right after the monitoring wells are set and before the handing over the CIS to WUA (5 wells)
Authorized accredited laboratory
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
Conductivity pH
On site and lab
Express tester
Right after the network is set and then monthly – 5 wells
CC environmental staff will sample 5 wells
-
-
-
-
Water level On site Float
Before and after construction
CC environmental staff will measure all 5 wells
- -
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Phase
What to be measured
Where to be measured
How to be measured
When
Who is to measure
Cost, lei
Total per year, lei
Oil product
Authorized laboratory
Reference methods in laboratory
Right after the monitoring wells are set and before the handing over the CIS to WUA
Authorized accredited laboratory
-
Pesticides
Authorized laboratory
Reference methods in laboratory
Right after the monitoring wells are set and before the handing over the CIS to
WUA
Authorized accredited laboratory
Analysis costs
(sampling cost included), lei (CC
Costs)
Drilling of wells, lei / meter (including man-power and transport)
Average depth of drilling in Puhaceni area, m
Nr of wells
Cost of drilling, lei (CC costs)
TOTAL MONITORING -CONSTRUCTION PHASE
Calcium
Magnesium
Sodium
Hardness
Sulfates
Carbohydrates
Chlorines
Nitrates
Mineralization
Conductivity pH
Authorized laboratory
On site and lab
Reference methods in laboratory
Express tester
Annually
Monthly
Authorized accredited laboratory
WUA staff
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
15
5
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
-
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Phase
What to be measured
Where to be measured
How to be measured
When
Who is to measure
Cost, lei
Water level On site float
Before and after irrigation season
WUA staff -
Oil products
Pesticides
Lab
Lab
Reference method
Reference methods
Annually
Annually
Authorized accredited laboratory
Authorized accredited laboratory
-
-
TOTAL OPERATIONAL (sampling and analysis), lei -
* Costs were provided by the “Geolab” laboratory of the Institute of Geology and
Seismology and private drilling companies
Total per year, lei
-
-
-
-
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Annex D. Guidelines for Handling Non-Friable Asbestos-Containing Waste
1. GENERAL GUIDELINES AND SCOPE OF WORK
1.1 Introduction
These guidelines provide the background on handling asbestos-containing waste that may be found during construction under the MCA-Moldova Compact. This document covers training of workers, site assessment and identification of asbestos-containing waste, handling, pretreatment and disposal of asbestos-containing material (ACM). These guidelines are applicable to CC personnel and any other who are at the work site and may contact with ACM.
Procedures presented within this document apply to situations where asbestos containing material
(ACM) will be removed or otherwise handled is such a way that it will become disturbed. Where
ACMs are identified the CC shall consider the following:
The amount of ACM that may be disturbed could impact the applicability of this document. If the planned work will disturb less than one square meter (1 m 2 ) of ACM, the CC will not be required to use special handling procedures. However, even if only small amounts of asbestos are present, reasonable precautions should be taken including the use of worker PPE, wetting to limit dust generation, and bagging the materials.
This document is intended to provide guidance and practices to be used for the removal of asbestos containing material (ACM). The procedures presented are not intended to meet specific regulatory requirements but rather are intended to meet the intent of best work and management practices as it relates to ACM removal. This is accomplished by achieving two project goals accordingly:
Protection of workers – This includes proper training, use of personal protective equipment (PPE) and specialized work practices to prevent workers performing ACM removal from being exposed to asbestos.
Protection of future occupants – It is the intent of the abatement to remove both visual and microscopic asbestos from the subject work areas in a manner that will not result in residual fibers which could lead to exposure of workers or others.
The following constitutes a general guideline and the items listed are specific to the ACM-related activities. In addition to the items in these Guidelines, the CC is expected to abide by all related local laws, rules, and regulations in the Republic of Moldova.
This document provides guidance and technical information for the removal of ACM that is nonfriable and this guidance applies only to work performed outside of buildings. For the purpose of this report, the term “friable” means that ACM can be crumbled or pulverized by hand pressure.
Furthermore, if material that is non-friable in its present condition but is likely to become friable during removal then it is to be considered as friable in so far as following appropriate procedures and the CC may need to implement additional procedures.
This document is intended as an integral part of the construction works.
1.2 Preparation / Removal
CC shall provide site security during the hours when Supervisor, workers, and all subcontractors
(i.e. demolition and disposal personnel) are on site, and at all times when access to removed
ACMs is not otherwise restricted.
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During ACM removal works, from preparation to final clearance, access to the associated work areas and buildings should be strictly prohibited. Only persons duly authorized by the CC shall be permitted in buildings and areas where ACM removal works are performed.
ACM debris shall be immediately wetted with amended water and bagged in adequate poly bags, and shall not be permitted to accumulate on the ground. Amended water is defined as water with a chemical surfactant added to it in order to increase the ability of it to penetrate and wet asbestos fibers. In the event that a commercial product specifically intended for this use is not available, the CC may add a liquid detergent (such as dish soap) to water at a ratio of approximately 1 part soap to 200 parts water. Care should be taken to not add too much soap as this could create a slip hazard on the work site.
1.3 Worker Protection
The purpose of this section is to describe procedures to be followed to prevent exposure of workers of the CC to asbestos fibers. This is achieved through a combination of training, equipment and procedures. The material described in this section is applicable to removal of nonfriable material.
While engaged in ACM removal activities workers shall be prohibited from smoking. Smoking exacerbates ACM-related health issues and shall be strongly discouraged on the work site.
Employees shall be advised of the extreme health risks of smoking on the work site –especially when ACM-related activities are underway.
1.3.1 Training
Workers of the CC performing removal of asbestos shall undergo on-site training by a competent person ( e.g., CC’s Environmental & Social and Health & Safety Manager).
The training shall include both lecture and hands on demonstrations. The training shall cover at a minimum:
Identifying Asbestos o Materials that contain asbestos o Friable and Non-friable o Types of asbestos
Health effects o Lung cancer, asbestosis, mesothelioma
Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) o Respiratory protection o Protective Clothing o Fit tests
Abatement o Removal methods o Disposing of debris o Decontamination
Final Clean o Cleaning the work area
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 o Removing the poly o Disposing of debris during removal
1.3.2 Equipment
The use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is a critical element to preventing exposure to asbestos fibers while it is being removed. Furthermore, the use of amended water and High-
Efficiency Particulate Air (HEPA) equipped vacuums will greatly reduce the chance of fibers becoming airborne. The following list and descriptions of equipment shall be used while removing asbestos. PPE will be provided by the CC. The use of PPE shall be followed by the CC regardless of the state (friable or non-friable) or condition of the ACM.
Respirators – Half-face negative pressure air purifying respirators with a P-100 cartridge or equivalent shall be used. The types of respirators and their use shall be in accordance with current manufacturer’s specifications as well as international occupational safety and health regulations.
Designated or Disposable Clothing – Workers handling ACM shall either use disposable work suits or shall use clothing that is designated only to be worn inside the work area.
HEPA vacuum – The CC shall make use of HEPA equipped vacuums to remove loose
ACM-containing construction dust and debris. In the event that a HEPA equipped vacuum is not available, CC may make use of damp cloths to wipe down surfaces.
UNDER NO CONDITION IS DRY SWEEPING ALLOWED WITHIN A WORK
AREA!!!.
2. ABATEMENT OF NON-FRIABLE ACM
2.1 General procedures
The following general procedures shall be used at all times when removing or handling ACM:
Preparation of amended water – The CC shall use a water tank of sufficient volume to mix liquid soap with water at a ratio of 1:200 (soap-to-water) and adequately agitate it.
Use of amended water – ACM shall be kept damp (but not saturated) by spraying of amended water on ACMs during the remediation procedure. Fibers that are damp are less likely to become airborne than those that are dry.
Proper disposal – ACM shall not be allowed to accumulate on the floor of the work area.
Damp ACM shall be placed directly into appropriate disposal bags.
Prohibition of dry sweeping – the use of dry sweeping will cause fibers to become airborne and migrate throughout the building. Under no conditions is dry sweeping to be allowed. The use of HEPA vacuums and/or damp cloth wiping shall be used.
2.1.2 Work Place Isolation
If working inside of closed area, the preparation of the work area for the removal of the nonfriable ACM shall consist of the following:
Critical barriers consisting of a single layer of 6 mil polyethylene where potential breakages may occur (i.e. vents or openings to a building such as windows, doors, vents, roof fan vents).
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One layer of 6 mil polyethylene sheeting shall be the minimum protection on walls or other surfaces that would be difficult to clean near areas where ACM are expected to be cut, broken into pieces, and otherwise produce potentially harmful dust or particles.
2.1.3 Work Procedures
ACM shall be removed in a manner that will not result in breakage or abrasion. ACM shall be kept damp with amended water and shall not be subject to impacts by power tools. In the event that nails or screws need to be removed in order to remove the ACM, the area of the fastener shall be sprayed with amended water, and a HEPA vacuum if available shall be used while the fastener is being removed. The following methods are anticipated to be sufficient to complete this project:
Removal of ACM panels intact – Panels that are held in place with clips or by gravity shall be removed intact and placed directly into disposal bags or wrapped in plastic.
Removal of screwed in panels – Panels held on by screws shall be removed by wetting the screw heads with amended water and backing out the screw. Following the removal of the screw, the hole shall be damp cloth cleaned using amended water.
Removal of riveted panels – Panels held on by rivets shall be removed by use of a hand tool to break the rivet, and if absolutely necessary, the panel itself. The use of amended water is imperative so as to reduce the generation of asbestos fibers. The CC shall perform this in a manner to minimize the amount of breakage of the panels. In addition, if the blind side of the rivet can be accessed, it may be possible to drill out the rivets without touching the asbestos panel or tile. For example, if the rivet passed through an asbestos panel and a metal support, the expanded end of the rivet could be removed from beneath the metal support by drilling out the end of the rivet. If the size of the drill bit is larger than the diameter of the body of the rivet, there is little danger that the drill bit would pass through the metal support.
ACM removed, including clothes and other disposable materials used in a removal process, shall be placed directly into 6-mil poly bags and these bags shall be handled accordingly:
Tightly seal the bag or wrap so as to create an air tight seal.
Wipe down the outside of the bag or wrap using a cloth and amended water.
Remove the bag from the work area and place in a designated storage location.
Under no circumstance shall ACM be allowed to accumulate on the work area floor or be allowed to dry out.
2.1.4 Decontamination
The CC shall provide wash facilities either connected to the work area or within close proximity.
The facilities shall include an area where workers can change out of their PPE, thoroughly wash head to toe and then change into either street clothes or clean work clothes. Bags of waste ACM shall be cleaned using damp cloth and HEPA vacuum if available and placed into a second bag prior to leaving the work area. Disposal of non-friable ACM will be in accordance with section
2.1.5 of this document.
2.1.5 Disposal
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Bags of waste ACM as well as waste PPE or other materials that were located within the work area shall be stored in a manner that will prevent rupture of bags. Permanent onsite disposal of
ACM discovered or disturbed during construction is considered to be an acceptable practice.
ACM shall be disposed of in the following manner which will prevent or otherwise reduce the chance of future disturbance.
Encasement with concrete or asphalt-concrete mixture in a manner that will prevent the future disturbance of waste. Concrete encasement shall be buried at least 1 meter underground and covered with soil.
The concrete encasements should be marked with a permanent, weatherproof warning sign that may be buried on or embedded in the top of the concrete (e.g., stamped, noncorrodible sheet metal, perhaps covered in plastic). The intent is to make anyone who excavates the concrete at some future time aware that the concrete contains asbestos material so that the concrete is not pulverized during removal. Ideally, each concrete capsule would be of a size that facilitates future removal (e.g., 1 meter cubes). In addition, the inclusion of lifting hooks embedded in the concrete would greatly facilitate any future removal.
Amended water will be sprayed on in quantities to avoid the creation of standing water or other wastewater.
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Annex E. Puhaceni Irrigation Area Soil Study
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
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Annex F. Surface Water Quality Study
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
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Annex G. Fish damage calculation for Puhaceni irrigation system water intake from Nistru
River
Attached as a hard copy to the printed copy of the ESMP Puhaceni
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Annex H. Puhaceni Command Area Underground Water Level and Quality
Irrigation massif in the Nistru River valley
General characteristics of groundwater
Geological survey prior to commencement of irrigation projects in the Dniester River valley began in 60’s of 20 th
century. That time, specialized entity "Hydrogeology Team" under the
Ministry of Water Management of the Soviet Republic of Moldova carried out the research towards identifying the soil condition, soil type and salinity as well as seasonality, quality and levels of groundwater. All these was aimed at determine the suitability of soils for irrigations.
Conducted research has shown that the soil is suitable for irrigation.
Within the reference period, i.e. since 1970, the area of concern was irrigated by drip irrigation or rain type irrigation. Irrigation status during the reference period was estimated for each year as being good one. Soil salinity was found as very low one or not saline at all.
Aquifers of stratigraphic subdivisions are common throughout the territory, but alluvial aquifer
(first aquifer from the surface) has a major role in irrigation. One should also take into account the interaction between the first horizon and deep groundwater aquifers. The first phreatic horizon is scattered throughout the river and its tributaries valleys, watersheds of interfluve and slopes.
Groundwater flow direction depends on geological structure, and the flow is directed from the
North to South and Southwest. However, in relation to landscape fragmentation, general flow is divided into zones with specific hydrodynamic properties. The groundwater flow in this area is oriented from higher altitude toward the lower ones (in river valley) and is determined by the local denudation base.
Groundwater in watershed areas occurs only after rainfalls; on slopes - after rainfalls and due to infiltration from aquifers located in lower meadows; additionally, slopes may be infiltrated by the
Badenian-Sarmatian aquifer complex. Groundwater pouring occurs as small springs flow, and as outpouring of other aquifers in the river and stream floodplains. Alluvial aquifer depends on water level in the river and streams. This aquifer is supplied with water from the river, at a time when their water level is maximum and minimum (during the reversed process).
Groundwater flow velocity is low and depends on the filtration capacity of aquifer rocks.
Filtration coefficient of sandy clays and clays ranges from 0.01 to 0.50 m per day. Sand and gravel filtration coefficient varies between 0.58 to 1.8 m per day, however, sometimes can be more than 2.3 to 20.0 m per day. Groundwater flow velocity is enhancing on steep slopes as compared to watershed and valley. Drainage conditions of irrigated lands depend on pressure gradient.
Groundwater conditions depend on weather conditions: precipitation, evaporation and temperature. Groundwater system depends directly on rainfalls. Groundwater levels increase during snowmelt or heavy rains and decreases during dry periods. Groundwater levels can vary from 0.14 up to 4.2 m.
Groundwater levels depend on relief and altitude. Maximum depth of the water table is greater than 10 meters in watershed areas with the highest levels of relief. Sometimes in areas where the clay layer is near the surface, aquifer horizons occur sporadically, with groundwater levels of 3 to
5 m in river valleys, and river is a groundwater discharge area where its level is minimal.
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Groundwater mineralization is within a broad range from 0.5 to 5.3 grams per liter. Groundwater mineralization between 0.5 to 1.0 grams per liter is common in the highest areas of watershed.
The chemical composition of groundwater is magnesium-carbonate and magnesium-calciumsodium. Groundwater mixing water with higher salinity occurs in lower valleys. Dissolution of slightly soluble salts (sulfates) increases the mineralization to 2.0 grams per liter, and sometimes
- up to 3.0 grams per liter. Chemical composition changes to sodium and calcium-sulfatemagnesium carbonate. Water mixed carbonate-sulfate anions are encountered rarely.
Alluvial waters in rivers and streams have mineralization ranging from 1.0 and up to 3.0 grams per liter. Sometimes, it can be greater than 5.0 grams per liter. Chemical composition of water changes from carbonate-sulfate type to sulfate one. Cationic composition is sodium-magnesium or magnesium-sodium.
In the first from the surface aquifer, anion composition has a specific dependency upon mineralization. Increased mineralization of anions leads to the following changes: from class-
HCO
3
- SO -2
4
to class HCO
3
- SO4 and further, to SO
4
class. Cation distribution is not fixed.
Only high levels of magnesium occur in this aquifer.
Varied mineralization can be explained by the difference permeability parameters of the rocks and stagnation regime of groundwater flow. Sometimes, around the wells, one can detect difference in mineralization. Drainage water exchange and fragmentation depend on the geological structure. The more landscape is dissected, the more intensive is velocity and exchange of water. Such conditions are favorable for formation of good quality groundwater.
Groundwater is susceptible to evaporation. Places where groundwater depth is less than 2.0 m, are characterized by intense evaporation, increased soil moisture and high salinity. In the river valleys and springs, water type changes from hydro-carbonate type to sulfate one. Carbonates and sulfates with low solubility saturate groundwater percolation process. Aquifers located at the depth have a more stable hydro-system and higher quality of aquifer parameters.
First groundwater horizon is very sensitive to human impact. Mineralization increased at the expense of presence of nitrates and nitrites is an indicator of negative anthropogenic impact.
Exchange and increased nitrogen and phosphate mineralization may be linked to domestic livestock and fertilizers use, POPs sites; heavy metals and other contaminants were not found in significant concentrations in groundwater.
Puhăceni irrigation massif
The CIS Puhaceni irrigation massif (sectors 1 and 2) is located on the low terraces of the Nistru
River within the intervals from 13,0 to 25,0 m (fig. 1). The sector 1 is located on the higher terrace where the occurrence of groundwater is registered within the interval of depth between
5.0 and 10.0 m. The sector 2 is located on the first terrace, and the groundwater table is located there at a depth of 1.5 -3.0 m (Figure 2).
Groundwater of alluvial deposits (Puhăceni 2) has formed two interlinked aquifer horizons. The first horizon is attributed to alluvial floodplain facies (clay, sandy clay, sandy clay) second horizon is attributed to the riverbed facies sands. First horizon thickness varies from 2 to 3 and 10
- 11 m, the thickness of the second one is from 5 to 10 m. The waters attributed to the riverbed deposits have a pressure of 2.0 -9.0 m. The piezo-metric level of the waters having the pressure
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IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03 coincides with the free surface of underground waters of the meadow facieses. Specific production rate of the wells, distributed in the riverbed aquifer may reach 37.0 liters per second, while the specific rate of floodplain water production wells facies ranges from 0.2 to 0.8 liters per second. The main water supply from alluvial deposits occurs through rainfall and flood water, discharging into the Nistru River.
Chemical composition of the floodplain facies waters is of carbonate-sulphate sodium-calcium type; its mineralization is 1 to 2 grams per liter.
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Fig. 1. Location of Sector 1 and Sector 2 in the Puhaceni irrigation massif
Waters of the riverbed facies are generally attributed to carbonate-sulphate sodium-calcium type with mineralization value not exceeding 1.0 grams per liter. These waters are widely used by local people for domestic purposes.
Groundwater of Quaternary terraces is attributed to sand and sand-gravel deposits. They are placed at the bottom of Quaternary alluvium section. Aquifer thickness varies from 0.9 to 3.6 m
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The Mid Sarmatian clays (Bessarabian) serve as the impermeable layer, less often the impermeable layer is the compact limestone. This waters recharge only by rainfalls and by water flows from aquifers located on higher Sarmatian terraces. Discharge occurs in the Nistru River and its tributaries valley in the form of springs.
Fig. 2. Map of groundwater levels in the Puhaceni irrigation massif (years 1980 – 1992)
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In areas where Quaternary alluvial deposits and Sarmatian clays changes into cracked limestones, the discharges occurs into these limestones.
The chemical composition of groundwater of the irrigation massif Puhăceni 1 is assigned to the carbonate-magnesium-sodium sulfate type, with the mineralization ranging between 1.5 to 3.0 grams per liter (6 wells chemical analysis report 3088). Kurlov formula looks as follows:
M 2 .
2
SO
(
4
44 HCO
3
Na
K ) 51
38 Cl
Mg
10 NO
33 Ca 16
3
8 pH 7 , 8
Soils forming the aeration zone section are well permeable. The filtration coefficient of the sandy clays ranges from 0.17 to 0.57 meters per day; the average is 0.32 meters per day. Sands have a filtration coefficient varying from 1.14 to 1.90 meters per day, average being of 1.43 meters per day. Alluvial sands located in the lower section of the irrigation massif 2 create favorable conditions for good drainage. However, there is a risk of soil salinization if the recommended irrigation technology and norm are not respected. Groundwater quality monitoring and their regime require special attention in this area.
The estimated reserves of Baden-Sarmatian aquifer on the Nistru terrace near Puhăceni village are 30,000 m
3
/day. Mineralization varies from 0.6 to 1.0 g/l, and the water is of carbonatesulfate-chloride and sodium-calcium-magnesium types. Kurlov formula is as follows (well No.
3797):
M 1 .
3
(
HCO
3
Na
K
50 SO
4
) 43 Mg
37 Cl 13
37 Ca 20 pH 7 , 8
Groundwater piezo-metric level of the Badenian-Sarmatian aquifer is practically the alluvial horizon (6-7 m). This testifies to the possible hydrodynamic link between these two aquifers and their relationship with the fluctuation of the Nistru River level. When developing a monitoring program, it is necessary to take into account this circumstance because Badenian-Sarmatian horizon has a regional importance for water supply.
Bibliografy
1. «О результатах комплексной гидрогеологической и инженерно-геологической съемки масштаба 1:50000 для целей мелиорации массива орошения «Междуречье Бык – Реут» проведенной в 1984 – 1988 годах», Raport 3088, Fondul Geologic, AGRM.
2. «Геологическое строение, гидрогеологические и инженерно-геологические условия площади Тираспольского листа. Отчет о результатах комплексной геологической, гидрогеологической и инженерно-геологической съемки м-ба 1:200 000 листа L-35-XII»,
Raport 3414, Fondul Geologic, AGRM.
3. «Комплексная геологическая, гидрогеологическая, инженерно-геологическая съемка мба 1:50 000 листов L-35-34-В-б,г; L-35-34-Г, L-35-46-Б с общими поисками. Отчет геологосъемочной партии о работах, проведенных в 1987-1991 гг», Raport 3408, Fondul
Geologic, AGRM.
4. СНиП 1.02.07-87 ИНЖЕНЕРНЫЕ ИЗЫСКАНИЯ ДЛЯ СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА. МОСКВА
1987.
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5. ВСН 33-2.1.05-90 Ведомственные Строительные Нормы. Гидромелиоративные системы и сооружения. Гидрогеологические и Инженерно-Геологические Изыскания.
6. П1-03 к СНБ 1.02.01-96 ИНЖЕНЕРНО-ГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ И
ГИДРОГЕОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ ИЗЫСКАНИЯ ДЛЯ МЕЛИОРАТИВНОГО И
ВОДОХОЗЯЙСТВЕННОГО СТРОИТЕЛЬСТВА. Министерство архитектуры и строительства Республики Беларусь. 2004.
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Annex I. Minutes of ESMP Public Consultation Meeting in the CIS Puhaceni
Public hearings meeting on ESMP for CIS Puhaceni took place on 1 st
October 2012 in the City
Hall of Puhaceni village. 19 persons (14 women and 5 men) representing different social segments attended the meeting. The participants were provided a 45 minutes (22 slides) Power
Point presentation on ESMP main objectives, structure and content.
The participants had no objections on ESMP structure and content. According to their opinion, the ESMP documents highlighted the possible impacts on environment, and that the mitigation measures have been clearly described and easy to implement during the operational phase and to monitor during the construction phase of the project.
Being asked about any environmental issues which might be overlooked and not reflected in the
ESMP the answer was that it looks like the environmental issues are all well reflected. However, after the statement about comprehensiveness of ESMP the participants suggested to reflect somehow in the ESMP the importance to protect from further destruction the road M59
17
.
To make a dialog more pro-active, the moderator started asking the following questions:
1. Surface water pollution: In relation to this, the participants were asked whether they think that surface water would be more endangered then underground water and how. They mentioned that sometimes the surface water is polluted by household wastes, sometimes the sheep’s cows are brought to the river for watering and the result is manure pollution of the water, etc. They do not think that direct impact on the river from the agricultural field would be an issue. In response to this the moderator reminded that WUA - a legal juridical person – will be several time a year inspected by local sanitarian-epidemiological and it is of paramount importance that river water is protected from bacteriological pollution (manure, other organic wastes, actually all kind of wastes) to the maximum extent possible. Otherwise, the functioning of the CIS is under risk to be ceased (when surface water is bacteriological polluted the irrigation will be stopped).
2. Underground water pollution: they said that the way it is reflected in ESMP is clear and enough. However, in terms of possible pollution of underground water with pesticides they would like to learn how to develop a Pest Management Plan. The answer was that this topic will be covered under another Project component: training programme on ESMP up-date and development.
3. In this context, following the pesticide discussion the audience was asked whether there is obsolete pesticides unregistered stock. Whether the farmers are using them… The answer was negative, but the moderator still found worthwhile to remind that if used somehow – the obsolete, persistent, old generation and prohibited for use pesticides could endanger all WUA investment.
The audience insisted that it is really not a matter of great concern. They do not remember that such an issue was raised in their farmers’ community.
4. Illegal extraction of sand also does not represent risks for CIS Puhaceni since there is a legal quarry just next to their village.
17 Road M59 is indeed the only road connecting the villages of Puhaceni and Delacau to the rest of the country.
Nowadays this road is highly damaged by 40 tons tracks transporting the sand from the quarry located 5 km southeast of Puhaceni village.
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5 The participants raised a question on who would be responsible for compensating the damages caused to farmers in case of accidents occurred in the irrigation system, for example damage and leakage of fuel oil pipe in the garden of people. During the construction phase the CC is responsible for all possible accidents. During the operational phase – this will be WUA, however, the contract with AM, management transfer should be well prepared and issues like warranty, post construction O&M terms well negotiated. They were also advised to approach ISRA component for the institutional and juridical questions they might have.
6. Issues related to social component of ESMP were raised during the meeting. The participants were invited to consider social aspects from construction phase perspective and operational phase perspective. They expressed their concern about the effect of “new men in town” and consequences of this. It was understood that they mean possible libertine behaviour of constructors. In this context the presenter raised repeatedly the issue of STD, TiP. It was stated that the raised issue “of new men in town” should be mandatory reflected in the ESMP as well as suggested measures to manage this issue. The public agreed that the main approach should be prevention through friendly discussion, informing local people, the team, ask leaders of community and WUAs being active in awareness and information activities regarding this issue.
7. The gender issue were also discussed and found relevant to be taken into consideration both during construction and operational phase. This aspect was quite familiar with the audience. They are aware about the MCC policy in this respect. Particularly it was discussed the gender dimension of access to water, leadership, participation at management of the CIS. The participants agreed that women should be promoted more actively to take the leading positions within WUAs. They also think that all inequities likely to occur during the functioning of the CIS should and will be addressed/solved inside the WUA in line with
WUA Charter provisions. Particularly, the matters of concern will be raised and decisions taken during the General WUA Meetings.
8. The risks related to health, child labour, etc. were assessed as not very big ones. Quite likely – childe labour for instance - but manageable. In any case, childe from a certain age could give a hand to their parents – farmers. However this in no case is done in detriment of the educational process (going to agro-field instead of going to school).
Before closing the meeting, the audience was provided with contact details and invited, to submit their views and ideas that they might additionally have within two weeks.
List of participants (all participants are residents of Puhaceni village)
Nr. d/o
1 Bejan
2 Cuciuc
3 Hanganu
3 Plamadeala
Name
4 Ionasco
5 Iliin
Surname
Nicu
Nina
Nina
Ion
Natalia
Natalia
Occupation
Agricultural consultant
Social assistant farmer
WUA President
Accountant
Accountant
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Nr. d/o
6 Cioban
7 Puchilus
8 Losari
9 Nicoara
10 Plamadeala
11 Vlas
12 Castandoi
13 Ceban
14 Iorgan
15 Buraga
17 Iorgan
18 Barza
19 Burlacu
Name
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
Surname
Larisa
Vera
Adrian
Olga
Vera
Liubovi
Aurel
Ludmila
Maria
Efrosinia
Elena
Larisa
Anatolie
Occupation
Accountant
Farmer
Farmer
Farmer
Entrepreneur
Farmer
Agricultural entrepreneur
Social worker
Farmer
Pensioner
Entrepreneur
Farmer
MCA Environmental Officer
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7
8
2
3
Annex J. Incident Report Format
Project: REHABILITATION OF CIS PUHACENI INCIDENT REPORT
1 Date
4
5
6
7
Location:
Rayon:
WUA:
Location of Incident (distance and direction against a fixed point or coordinates):
Incident Type:
Severity:
High
Medium
Low
Reported by:
Description of Incident Root Cause:
Corrective Actions Taken: 9
10
11
12
13
Corrective Actions to be Taken:
Actions Taken to Prevent
Recurrence:
Corrective Actions Carried Out By:
Persons Involved:
14
15
16
17
Machine Involved:
Contractor / Sub-Contractor
Involved:
Third Parties Involved:
Photo Documentation
The photos with appropriate descriptions should be presented as an Attachment to the Incident Report
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For MCA-Moldova Use Only
Date:
Received by:
Decision / Action taken
IFB #PP6/THVAP/W/CB/03
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