Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
Aim # _______: __________________________________________________________________________________
1) What is chemistry?
2) What is matter?
3) Why do we need to study chemistry in biology class?
4) What are the chemical building blocks?
5) What are elements?
6) What are some examples of elements?
7) Which elements are essential to life?
Page 1
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
8) Important element symbols:
Symbol
H
C
O
K
Element
Symbol
N
Cl
Ca
Na
Element
9) What are compounds?
10) What is an atom?
11) What are atoms made up of?
12) What do we call atoms that are joined together?
13) How do we write chemical compounds/molecules using symbols?
What is H2O? _____________________
 How many hydrogen atoms are in one molecule of water? _____________
 How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of water? __________
What is CO2?
 How many carbon atoms are in one molecule of carbon dioxide?
__________
 How many oxygen atoms are in one molecule of carbon dioxide?
__________
Page 2
Period____________
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
Aim # _______: __________________________________________________________________________________
1) What are the differences between elements?
2) What is atomic number?
3) What are the atomic numbers of:

B _________

Si _________

Al _________

C _________
4) What do we mean when we say that atoms are typically electrically neutral?
5) What is an ion?
6) Atomic Number vs. Mass Number:
a) What is the mass number of carbon? _________________
b) How many protons does oxygen have? ______________
c) How many neutrons does sodium have? _____________
Page 3
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
7) What is an isotope?
a) How many protons in O-17? _____________
b) What is the atomic number of C-13? _____________
c) What element has an atomic number of 7? _____________
d) What is the mass number of an element with 8 protons, 6 electrons, and 6 neutrons? _____________
e) How many electrons does C-14 have? _____________
8) What determines an atom’s reactivity?
a) What is the maximum number of
electrons in the first energy level? ___________
b) What is the maximum number of electrons
in the second energy level? _____________
Label the energy levels
9) How do we know if an element is reactive?
Rules for filling energy levels:
1) Determine the number of electrons the atom has.
2) Remember, the 1st energy level can hold 2 electrons and the 2nd energy level can hold 8 electrons.
3) Fill the lowest energy levels first.
Practice Problems:
1) If an atom has 9 electrons, how many electrons are in the second energy level? __________________
2) Is He a reactive element? Why? ___________________________________________________________
3) How many free spaces are present in the second level of F? __________________________________
4) What is the mass number of Li? ___________________________________________________________
5) How many neutrons does Mg-13 have? ____________________________________________________
6) How many electrons are present in N’s second energy level? _________________________________
7) Is Ne a reactive element? Why? ___________________________________________________________
8) Is carbon a reactive element? Why? _______________________________________________________
9) What element has 30 protons, 33 neutrons, and 30 electrons? __________________________________
Page 4
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
Aim # _______: __________________________________________________________________________________
1) What are valence electrons?
2) How many valence electrons are present in this atom?
3)
What do the dots in Lewis Dot Structures represent?
4) What do Lewis Dot Structures help us determine?
5) Draw the Lewis Dot Structures of Carbon and Oxygen:
Lewis Dot Structure Rules:
1) Determine the number of electrons in the outer (valence shell).
2) Place a dot at the 12:00 position and continue in a clockwise direction.
3) Do not form “electron pairs” until you have completed a circuit.
6) What are chemical bonds? What is the result of chemical bonding?
7) How many bonds can an atom form?
Page 5
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
Draw the Lewis Dot Structures and identify the number of bonds each atom can form:
Number
of Bonds
Atom
Lewis Dot Structure
Atom can
Form
N
B
F
Ne
8) What is a covalent bond?
a) Double bond-
b) Triple bond-
9) What is the short hand method for drawing covalent bonds?
10) What is an ionic bond?
a. Anionb. Cation11) Oxidation/Reduction (LEO the lion says GER):
Page 6
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
Aim # _______: __________________________________________________________________________________
1) What is a polar molecule?
2) Why is there an unequal sharing of electrons in water molecules?
3) Is H2 a polar molecule? Why?
4) What is responsible for water’s unique properties?
5) Unique Property 1:
6) Unique Property 2:
7) What is transpiration?
Page 7
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
8) What is surface tension?
9) Unique Property 3:
10) Unique Property 4:
11) Define the following:
a) Solvent-
b) Solution-
c) Solute-
d) Aqueous Solution-
Page 8
Date_______________
Period____________
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
Aim # _______: __________________________________________________________________________________
H2O
Water
H+
Hydrogen Ion
OHHydroxide Ion
1) What does the pH scale measure?
2) Acidic Solution
3) Basic Solution
4) Neutral Solution
5) Review Acids and Bases
Solution
Acid
Base
Page 9
Neutral
Name_________________________________________________
Honors Living Environment
Date_______________
Period____________
6) What is a neutrilization?
7) How do buffers work?
8) How can we measure the pH of a solution using indicators?
As the concentration of H+ increases, the solution becomes
more acidic, and the pH decreases.
As the concentration of H+ decreases, the solution
becomes more basic, and the pH increases.
Page 10