Supplementary material
Table A1. Codes used in defining the outcome and the covariates.
Description
Endocarditis
Code
source
ICD-9
Codes
421.0, 421.9, 424.9
Valve-related risk factors
for endocarditis, including
congenital disorders
Valvuloplasty
HCPCS
ICD-9
Replacement
Valvotomy
Conduits
35.96, 35.1, 35.10 – 35.14
HCPCS
33405, 33406, 33410 - 33413, 33430, 33465, 33475
ICD-9
35.06, 35.07, 35.08, 35.09, 35.2, 35.20, 35.21-35.28
HCPCS
33420, 33422, 33460, 33470, 33471, 33472, 33474
ICD-9
Resection, repair
33400, 33401, 33403,33425, 33426, 33427, 33463,
33464
HCPCS
35.0, 35.00 - 35.05
33414-33417, 33468, 33476, 33478, 33496
ICD-9
35.97
HCPCS
33404
ICD-9
35.92-35.95
Diseases of mitral valve
ICD-9
394, 394.0, 394.1, 394.2, 394.9, 396.0-396.3, 396.8,
396.9, 424.0, 746.5, 746.6,
Diseases of aortic valve
ICD-9
395, 395.0, 395.1, 395.2, 395.9, 424.1, 746.3, 746.4
Diseases of tricuspid
valve
397, 397.0, 397.9, 424.2, 746.1, 746.2
Diseases of pulmonary
valve
397.1, 424.3, 746.0, 746.00, 746.01, 746.02, 746.09
Rheumatic fever with
heart involvement
ICD-9
391, 391.1,
Structural heart risk factors
for endocarditis other than
valve-related
Septum-related
HCPCS
33641, 33645, 33647, 33660, 33665, 33670, 33681,
33684, 33688,
1
ICD-9
35.4, 35.41, 35.42, 35.5, 35.50-35.55, 35.6, 35.60 –
35.63, 35.7, 35.70 – 35.73, 35.98
745.5, 745.6, 745.60, 745.61, 745.69, 745.7, 745.9
Sinus of Valsalvarelated
Non-valvular congenital
disorders
HCPCS
33702, 33710, 33720, 33722
ICD-9
35.39
ICD-9
745.0, 745.1, 745.10-745.12, 745.19, 745.2, 745.3,
745.4, 745.8, 746.7, 746.81-746.84, 746.9
Intravascular devices
Pacemakers
HCPCS
ICD-9
33206 - 33208, 33210, 33214 – 33218, 33220, 33222 –
33226, 33233 - 33235, 33238, 33240, 33241, 33243,
33244, 33249.
00.50, 00.51, 00.52, 00.54, 37.7, 37.70, 37.71, 37.72,
37.73, 37.75, 37.78, 37.8, 37.80 – 37.83, 37.85 –
37.87, 37.89
Peritoneal-venous shunt
HCPCS
49425-49429
Ventriculo-atrial shunt
HCPCS
62220
ICD-9
02.32
ICD-9
585.6
End stage renal disease
Dialysis-related
procedures
HCPCS
90921, 90925, 90935, 90937, 90940, 90945, 90947,
90989, 90993, 90997, 90999, 36800, 36810, 36815,
36818, 36819, 36820, 36821.
Venous catheterization
for renal dialysis
ICD-9
38.95
Arteriovenostomy for
renal dialysis
ICD-9
38.95, 39.42, 39.43
Hemodialysis
ICD-9
39.95
Peritoneal dialysis
ICD-9
54.98
Anemia
ICD-9
280.0, 280.1, 280.8, 280.9, 281.0, 281.8, 281.9, 285.1,
285.2, 285.9
Gastrointestinal bleeding
ICD-9
286.5, 459.0, 562.02, 562.03, 562.12, 562.13, 569.3,
569.84, 569.85, 569.86, 578.1, 578.9, 792.1, 998.11'
Gastrointestinal symptoms
ICD-9
Constipation
564.0, 564.00, 564.09, 564.01, 564.02
Diarrhea
008.42, 008.43, 008.45, 008.5, 008.8, 009.0, 009.1,
009.2, 009.3, 558.2, 558.3, 558.9, 564.4, 564.5, 564.8,
2
564.9, 787.91
Change in bowel habit
787.99
Abdominal pain
789.0, 787.3, 789.4, 789.6
Irritable bowel
syndrome
564.1
Large bowel obstruction
560, 560.8, 560.9, 560.89
Treatments
Colon surgery
Chemotherapy1
HCPCS
44140, 44141, 44143, 44144, 44145, 44146, 44147,
44150, 44151, 44152, 44153, 44155, 44156, 44157,
44158, 44160, 44204, 44205, 44206, 44207, 44208,
44210, 44211, 44212
ICD-9
45.72, 45.73, 45.74, 45.75, 45.76, 45.8, 17.3, 17.31,
17.32, 17.33, 17.34, 17.35, 17.36, 17.37, 17.38, 17.39
Betos
P1B
HCPCS
ICD-9
J9000-J99992, Q0083-Q0085, J8520, J8521, J8530,
J8540, J8560, J8597, J8610, J8999
9925, V581, V662, V672
Revenue
center
0331, 0332, 0335
Visits to the emergency
department
HCPCS
99281, 99282, 99283, 99284, 99285, 99291, 99292
Clinical evaluation3
HCPCS
99201, 99202, 99203, 99204, 99205, 99211, 99212,
99213, 99214, 99215, 99217, 99218, 99219, 99220,
99221, 99222, 99223, 99231, 99232, 99233, 99234,
99235, 99236, 99241, 99242, 99243, 99244, 99245,
99251, 99252, 99253, 99254, 99255, 99261, 99262,
99263, 99271, 99272, 99273, 99274, 99275, 99301,
99302, 99303, 99311, 99312, 99313, 99361, 99362
1
To identify oral capecitabine in the DME file we used the following National Drug Codes:
00004110020, 00004110150, 00004110116, 00004110051, 00004110013, 00004110022,
00004110113, 00004110151.
2
Excluding the following codes from this sequence: J9003, J9165, J9175, J9202, J9209, J9212-
J9226, J9240, J9295, J9381, J9395.
3
3
Clinical evaluation consists on any of the following: new outpatient, established outpatient,
hospital observation services, new inpatient, established inpatient, observation/inpatient care
services, outpatient consultation, inpatient consultation, follow-up inpatient consultation,
confirmatory consultation, nursing facility services and team conference.
4
Table A2. Incidence rate of pyelonephritis and meningitis in between 90 days before and 90 days
after the diagnosis of colorectal, lung, breast, and prostate cancer
Cases per 100,000 person-months (95%
CI)
Persons
Personmonths
Cases
Crude rate
Standardized rate1
Colorectal
Pyelonephritis 167,390
963,521
137
14.2 (11.8-16.6)
14.2 (11.8-16.6)
Meningitis
966,382
*
1.1 (0.5-1.8)
1.1 (0.5-1.8)
Pyelonephritis 208,702
1,159,817
158
13.6 (11.5-15.7)
14.8 (12.1-17.5)
Meningitis
1,162,863
24
2.1 (0.4-1.2)
1.6 (0.9-2.3)
996,830
102
10.2 (8.2-12.2)
10.2 (8.2-12.3)
169,991
1,000,374
*
0.4 (0.0-0.8)
0.4 (0.0-0.8)
Pyelonephritis 202,583
1,193,481
149
12.5 (10.5-14.4)
15.7 (12.7-18.7)
Meningitis
202,794
1,195,078
*
0.4 (0.1-0.8)
0.4 (0.0-0.7)
Pyelonephritis 276,182
1,624,815
124
7.6 (6.3-9.0)
7.6 (6.1-9.1)
Meningitis
1,630,588
16
1.0 (0.5-1.5)
0.9 (0.4-1.4)
167,839
Lung
209,207
Breast
Pyelonephritis 169,434
Meningitis
Prostate
Non-cancer
277,120
1
Incidence rate is directly standardized to the age and sex (except for breast and prostate cancer)
distribution of colorectal cancer cases.
* Cells with counts of 11 or lower are blinded following SEER-Medicare privacy policy
5
Table A3. Survival analysis using different time frames to define concomitant diagnosis of
infective endocarditis and stage I-III colorectal cancer*
No endocarditis
Endocarditis
139,631
142
2-year overall survival, %
73.1 (72.8-73.3)
49.5 (41.0-57.5)
2-year CRC-specific survival, %
85.7 (85.5-85.9)
85.5 (77.5-90.8)
HR overall survival
Reference
1.60 (1.33-1.93)
HR CRC-specific survival
Reference
1.30 (0.89-1.89)
139,583
190
2-year overall survival, %
73.1 (72.8-73.3)
48.1 (40.8-55.0)
2-year CRC-specific survival, %
85.7 (85.5-85.9)
85.0 (78.2-89.9)
HR overall survival
Reference
1.62 (1.39-1.90)
HR CRC-specific survival
Reference
1.28 (0.92-1.77)
Endocarditis between 60 days before and 60 days after
cancer diagnosis
N
Endocarditis between 120 days before and 120 days after
cancer diagnosis
N
*HR: hazard ratio, CRC: colorectal cancer
6
Figure A1. Relationship between diagnostic colonoscopy and admission due to infective
endocarditis.
7