Unit 4 Key Terms: Sickle Cell Anemia
Section 1 Key Terms
Amino Acid
Alpha-globin
Anemia
Beta-globin
Complication
Hemoglobin
Prognosis
Protein
Sickle cell
Symptom
Trait
An organic molecule possessing both carboxyl & amino groups.
The polypeptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated alpha.
A condition in which the blood is deficient in RBC’s, in hemoglobin, or in total
volume.
The polypeptide chain of hemoglobin that is designated beta & when
deficient/defective it causes various anemias (as beta-thalassemia or sickle-cell
anemia).
A secondary disease/condition that develops in the course of a primary
disease/condition & arises either as a result or independent causes.
An iron-containing protein in RBC’s that reversibly binds O2.
The prospect of survival & recovery from a disease.
A 3D biological polymer constructed from amino acids.
Deformed RBC’s that can lead to numerous symptoms & caused by a genetic
mutation in the hemoglobin protein.
Subjective evidence of disease or physical disturbance observed by the patient.
i.e. headache
An inherited characteristic.
Section 2 Key Terms
Autosome
Chromosome
Contagious
Dominant trait
Gene
Genetic Material
Heredity
Karyotype
Mutation
Pedigree
Sex Chromosome
Recessive trait
A chromosome that is not directly involved in determining sex, as opposed to a
sex chromosome.
Any of the usually linear bodies in the cell nucleus that contain the genetic
material.
Capable of being transmitted by contact via either person to person, animal to
animal, animal to human, or human to animal.
A genetic trait is considered dominant if it is expressed in a person who has
only 1 copy of that gene associated with the trait.
A discrete unit of hereditary information.
Molecules responsible for heredity & variation of organisms.
The transmission of traits from ancestor to descendant.
A display of the chromosome pairs of a cell arranged by size & shape.
A rare change in the genetic material; creating genetic diversity.
A diagram of a family tree showing the occurrence of heritable characters in
parents & offspring over multiple generations.
One of the pair of chromosomes responsible for determining the sex of an
individual.
A condition that appears only in individuals who have received 2 copies of a
mutant gene, 1 copy from each parent.
Section 3 Key Terms
Adenine
Buffer
Cytosine
A component of nucleic acids, energy-carrying molecules such as ATP, &
certain coenzymes.
A solution that minimizes changes in pH when extraneous acids/ bases are
added to the solution.
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and
Guanine
Helix
Hydrogen bond
Lysis
Nucleotide
Thymine
Supernatant
RNA in cells.
A component of nucleic acids that carries hereditary information in DNA and
RNA in cells.
Something spiral in form.
A type of weak chemical bond formed with H atom.
A process of disintegration/dissolution; cell death.
A building block of DNA, consisting of a 5-carbon sugar covalently bonded to a
nitrogenous base & a phosphate group.
A component of nucleic acid that carries hereditary information in DNA in cells.
The liquid on top of material deposited by settling or centrifugation.
Section 4 Key Terms
Codon
Exon
Hydrophilic
Hydrophobic
Hydroxyl group
Messenger RNA
(mRNA)
Ribonucleic Acid
(RNA)
Ribosome
Transcription
Transfer RNA
(tRNA)
Translation
A 3-nucleotide sequence of DNA or mRNA that specifies a particular amino
acid or termination signal; the basic unit of the genetic code.
A coding region of a eukaryotic gene.
Having an affinity for water (love).
Having an aversion to water (fear).
A functional group consisting of an H atom joined to an O atom by a polar
covalent bond. Molecules possessing this group are soluble in water & are
called alcohols.
A type of RNA, synthesized from DNA & attaches to ribosomes in the
cytoplasm; it specifies the primary structure of a protein.
A type of nucleic acid consisting of nucleotide monomers with a ribose sugar &
the nitrogenous bases adenine (A), cytosine (C), guanine (G), and uracil (U);
functions in protein synthesis.
A cell organelle that fxns as the site of protein synthesis in the cytoplasm.
The synthesis of RNA on a DNA template.
An RNA molecule that fxns as an interpreter btw nucleic acid & protein
language by picking up specific amino acids & recognizing the appropriate
codons in the mRNA.
The synthesis of a polypeptide using the genetic information encoded in an
mRNA molecule. Language changes from nucleotides to amino acids.
Section 5 Key Terms
Polymerize
To undergo a chem rxn in which 2 or more small molecules combine to form
larger molecules that contain repeating structural units of the original molecules.