1
NAME:
GCSE PE
TOPIC 1.2.2
 The structure of the circulatory system
 The make-up of blood and its different uses
 Short and long term effects of exercise on
the circulatory system
Current Grade :
Target Grade:
2
BOOKLET OBJECTIVES




Develop knowledge and understanding of the
structure of the heart
Understand the differences of the three main
types of blood vessels
Understand the main components of blood and
there different roles
Develop knowledge and understanding of how
exercise effects on our circulatory system, both
short and long term.
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Lesson 1
Part and Functions of the Circulatory System
The function of the circulatory system is to:
 Transport
 Control
 Protect
Label the heart diagram below:
4
Lesson 1
Why is the Heart known as a “DOUBLE PUMP”?
Research Task
Research the following two systems of the circulatory system and
explain their roles in detail?
Pulmonary Circuit
Systemic Circuit
5
Lesson 1
BLOOD FLOW AROUND THE BODY
In your own words describe in detail the flow of blood around the human body starting in
the right atrium? You must include:




The oxygenation of blood at each stage.
The blood vessels it is passing through.
Each section / valve it passes through in the heart.
What happens at the body / body tissues?
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
Lesson 1
6
HOMEWORK
Using the information looked at this lesson answer the following exam style questions:
1) The heart is seen as a double pump. Name and explain the two different systems? 6 MARKS
2) For each part of the circulatory system below state whether the blood leaving each part is
‘OXYGENATED’ or ‘DEOXYGENATED’? 5 MARKS
a) Lungs:
b) Right Ventricle:
c) Left Atrium:
d) Body Cells:
e) Pulmonary Artery:
3) The heart contains many different valves. Name three types of valves within the heart and
explain their role? 4 MARKS
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Lesson 2
STARTER
Explain the three main functions of the circulatory system?
1)
2)
3)
Label the heart diagram below:
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Lesson 2
BLOOD FLOW AROUND THE BODY
Draw a simple diagram to show the blood flow around the body and through the heart.
Label the diagram to show the correct parts (chambers, blood vessels), use different colours
to show what the blood is carrying (oxygen = red; carbon dioxide = blue) and explain what
happens within the lungs and body tissue?
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Lesson 2
Important Circulatory System Terms
HEART RATE:
STROKE VOLUME:
CARDIAC OUTPUT:
X
MAXIMUM HEART RATE:
What is your Maximum Heart Rate then:
RESTING HEART RATE:
RECOVERY RATE:
=
-
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Lesson 2
Blood Pressure
What is it?
How do you measure blood pressure?
Systolic Pressure:
Diastolic Pressure:
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Lesson 2
RESEARCH TASK
What is High Blood Pressure?
What causes high blood pressure?
What can high blood pressure cause?
How can blood pressure be reduced?
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Lesson 2
PAST EXAM QUESTION
1) The graph in Figure 4 shows suggested target heart rate zones depending on age.
8
96
72
108
10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(a) Using Figure 4, state the suggested heart rate values that a 40-year-old should
work between to ensure they are in the correct target zone to improve their cardiovascular
fitness.
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(b) Explain why the suggested target zone for a 20-year-old is different to that
suggested for a 40-year-old.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(3 Marks)
Lesson 2
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(c) Our heart rate will vary depending on whether we are physically resting, working or recovering.
Explain why resting heart rate is lower than recovery heart rate.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(3 Marks)
(Total for Question 1 = 7 marks)
2) a) The equation in the box below is incomplete.
Complete the equation that is used to calculate the amount of blood ejected from
the heart per minute. (1 Mark)
_______________________ = HEART RATE x ______________________
(b) Blood pressure can be used to help monitor the health of an individual.
(i) A normal blood pressure reading would be 120/80. The 120 represents systolic
blood pressure. Name the other blood pressure represented in this reading.
___________________________________________________________________________
(1 Mark)
(ii) Explain the immediate effect of exercise on blood pressure.
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
___________________________________________________________________________
(2 Marks)
(Total for Question 2 = 4 marks)
(BOTH QUESTIONS ARE FROM EDEXCELS 2013 GCSE EXAM PAPER)
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Lesson 3
STARTER
Label the diagram below to show the flow of blood around the body. You
must:
 Label the chambers and valves of the heart.
 Label the blood vessels.
 Show the oxygenation of the blood.
 Label the body and body tissues showing what goes on there.
15
Lesson 3
DIFFERENT TYPES OF BLOOD VESSELS
There are main types of blood vessels within the circulatory system which are:



In the space provided on page 15 + 16 of the booklet, describe and draw each
type of blood vessel, making sure you explain its specific structure?
Vessel 1 =
16
Lesson 3
Vessel 2 =
Vessel 3 =
17
Lesson 3
FUNCTION OF BLOOD
PLASMA:
RED BLOOD CELLS:
WHITE BLOOD CELLS:
PLATELETS:
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Lesson 3
Simple Recap Questions
Answer the following questions on the work you have just done:
1) What type of blood do veins carry?
2) What pressure is blood forced through veins?
3) What do veins contain and how does this help the circulatory system?
4) How many cells thick are capillaries?
5) Why is this beneficial?
6) What occurs:
At the Body tissues:
In the lungs:
7) What type of blood do arteries carry?
8) What pressure is blood forced through the arteries?
9) How does the structure of arteries vary to veins and why is this required?
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Lesson 3
Extended Writing Question
The circulatory system is made up of different blood vessels and cells. Explain
now the vessels and cells are structured differently and how this has a positive
impact on their roles within the circulatory system?
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
20
Lesson 4
STARTER
Fill in the missing words to complete the paragraphs below:
1) ____________________________ are also known as ERYTHROCYTES. These blood
cells are very _______________ , however there are ________________ of them
within the human body. Their main job is to carry _________________ to the
working muscles and cells within the body as well as transport __________________
to the lungs so it can be removed from the body. They contain a substance called
___________________________ which oxygen chemically attaches to, to create
_____________________________. This allows these cells to transport oxygen
effectively around the body. These cells are produced in the
___________________________ of our bodies’ ____________________________.
2) White blood cells are also known as ________________________. Their main role is
to __________________ the body. They enable to body to _______________
infection and destroy _________________. They are ________________ than red
blood cells however there are _____________ of them within the bloodstream.
3) _________________ are small fragments of larger cells. Their role is to
_______________ the blood e.g. they for a scab on the _______________ of the skin
after a _____________ or _____________. Clotting is massively important as it
prevents the __________________ of blood.
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Lesson 4
THE EFFECTS OF LIFESTYLE ON THE CARDIOVASCULAR
SYSTEM
CHOLESTEROL:
High Density Lipoprotein:
Low Density Lipoprotein:
RECREATIONAL DRUGS:
STRESS:
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Lesson 4
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE ON THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
What immediate effect does exercise have on the:
1) HEART:
WHY?
2) BLOOD PRESSURE:
WHY?
3) ARTERIES:
WHY?
4) LACTIC ACID / OXYGEN DEBT:
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Lesson 4
CHANGES IN BLOOD FLOW DURING EXERCISE
BLOOD DIVERSION / BLOOD SHUNTING:
Look at the tables above and explain what they show, stating how this will
positively affect the body during exercise?
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Lesson 4
VASODILATION:
How does this benefit a person during exercise?
WHAT IS THE OPPOSITE OF THIS, AND WHAT DOES IT DO?
When would this be important?
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Lesson 4
IMMEDIATE EFFECTS OF EXERCISE FLOW CHART ON
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
When we start exercising the body
releases ADRENALINE.
THIS CAUSES
Blood is
diverted away
from less
important
organs of the
body.
THIS MEANS?
Which means?
Blood Pressure?
Blood Flow?
Arteries?
This allows?
AFTER EXERCISING FOR A PERIOD OF TIME:
The athlete needs
to
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Lesson 4
HOMEWORK
In your own words explain what immediately happens to the body during
exercise? Make sure you:
 Write in paragraphs.
 Make sure you explain why this happens (benefits).
Feedback / Next Step Advice:
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Lesson 5
STARTER
BENEFITS OF THE IMMEDIATE EFFECTS?
Explain the benefits of the following immediate effects of exercise:
Increased Heart Rate:
Increased Stroke Volume / Cardiac Output:
Increased Blood Pressure:
Widening of Arteries:
Blood shunting:
Vasodilation:
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Lesson 5
LONG TERM BENEFITS OF EXERCISE ON THE
CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
Explain what happens to the following parts of the circulatory system and state
how these benefit a performer?
HEART:
HEART RATE BEFORE AND DURING EXERCISE:
RECOVERY RATE:
RED BLOOD CELLS:
CAPILLARIES:
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Lesson 5
What Else Helps the Cardiovascular System?
Diet:
Water Intake:
Rest and Recovery:
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Lesson 5
PAST EXAM QUESTIONS
1. (a) Complete the following statements about blood.
(i) Red blood cells carry ......................................................... to the working muscles.
(1 MARK)
(ii) Carbon dioxide levels in the pulmonary artery are .........................................................
than the levels of carbon dioxide in the pulmonary vein.
(1 MARK)
(b) Explain the role of platelets and how they could help a sports performer in a contact
sport such as rugby?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………..
(June 2009, Edexcel Exam)
(2 MARKS)
2. (a) (i) Blood is circulated around the body. Name the type of blood vessel that returns
blood to the heart?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 MARK)
(ii) This type of blood vessel contains valves. What is the function of these valves?
…………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………………
(1 MARK)
b) Blood is made up of different components. Complete the table below by identifying the:
(i) Components
(ii) function of each component
(iii) importance to the performer
(i)
Component of
blood
(ii)
Function of each
component
(iii)
Importance to
sports performers
Oxygen delivery for activity
White Blood Cells
Stops blood loss so the
performer can continue to
play.
(June 2008, Edexcel Exam)
6 MARKS
Lesson 5
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3. Diet and rest need to be considered when planning a healthy, active lifestyle. Describe
the impact of diet and rest on the cardiovascular system.
(i) Impact of diet on the cardiovascular system.
(3 MARKS)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(ii) Impact of rest on the cardiovascular system.
(2 MARKS)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(June 2012, Edexcel Exam)
(Total for Question 6 = 5 marks)
4. The following statements are effects of participation in exercise and physical activity on
the cardiovascular system. State whether the effect is immediate or long term
.
Immediate or long term effect?
Increased heart rate
................................................
Increased cardiac output
................................................
Increased Heart Size
.................................................
(June 2012, Edexcel Exam)
(Total for Question 7 = 3 marks)
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Lesson 5
8 Oxygen debt can occur as a result of exercise.
(a) State whether oxygen debt occurs as a result of aerobic or anaerobic respiration.
(1 MARK)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(b) When is oxygen debt ‘paid back’?
(1 MARK)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(c) Give an example of when the following performers would experience oxygen debt in
their activity.
(i) A runner in a 1500 metres race.
(1 MARK)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(ii) A player in a game of tennis.
(1 MARK)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(iii) A boxer in a boxing match.
(1 MARK)
....................................................................................................................................................
....................................................................................................................................................
(June 2012, Edexcel Exam)
(Total for Question 8 = 5 marks)
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EXTENSION WORK
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EXTENSION WORK