Mitosis/DNA/Genetics Study Guide
Things to know for Mitosis (but not limited to)
 4 phases
 Prophase: Nucleus dissolves DNA winds up to make sister chromatids
 Metaphase: chromosomes line up in along the middle of cell
 Anaphase: sister chromatids get pulled to either side of cell
 Telophase: DNA unravels, two nuclei form around DNA, cleavage occurs
 Cell cycle
 Interphase: organelle creation and DNA replication; longest part of cell cycle
 Mitosis: separation of chromosomes
 Cytokinesis: creation of two new daughter cells; quickest part of cell cycle
 Vocab:
 Chromosomes
 Sister chromatids
 Chromatin
 Microtubules
 Centriole
Things to know for DNA (but not limited to)
 Make up of Nucleotides
 Each nucleotide has 3 sub-units
 Phosphate group
 Simple sugar (deoxyribose)
 Nitrogen base: there are 4
o Adenine
o Thymine
o Cytosine
o Guanine
 DNA has two strands joined together at the bases
 Bases always pair up A –T and C – G
 Each strand is a connection of nucleotides
 Phosphate –sugar – phosphate – sugar – phosphate – sugar –etc.
 The shape is called a Double Helix
 Sections of DNA are called GENES
 Chromosomes are DNA strands wound up proteins called HISTONES
Things to know for GENETICS (but not limited to)
 DNA contains all the information that about you. When it is coiled up, it is called chromosomes.
 GENES are pieces of chromosomes that carry specific information about your physical and
behavioral traits
 HEREDITY is the passing on of genes from parent to offspring
 GENOTYPE is the description of the inherited traits. They come in ALLELES, such as dominant
brown eye allele or recessive blue eye allele.
 PHENOTYPE is the observable physical characteristics described by the genotype.
 Know: homozygous dominant, homozygous recessive, heterozygous
 Punnett Squares
Possible Test Questions
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What are the stages of the cell cycle?
What happens during interphase? Mitosis? Cytokinesis?
What are the phases of mitosis?
Explain what happens in each phase of mitosis in terms of the cell membrane, nuclear
membrane, DNA, chromosomes, centrioles, and microtubules (spindle fibers).
What is the purpose of mitosis?
Describe the difference between sexual and asexual reproduction.
What are the 3 reasons for cellular division? Why?
What is the structure of DNA?
How does DNA become chromosomes?
What are the individual units of DNA called? How are they arranged?
What pairs do nucleotides make? (Know how to spell them.)
What are the subunits of a nucleotide?
How does each nucleotide connect to the next in a single strand?
How do DNA strands connect to each other to from a double strand?
Given: AGA CTT ACG TAG, match the complementary strand.
How do genotypes differ from phenotypes?
What’s the relation between dominant and recessive alleles?
Given: Mom has brown hair (Bb), dad has blonde hair (bb).
o Create a Punnett square.
o Identify the percent of heterozygous alleles.
o Identify the percent of homozygous dominant alleles.
o Identify the percent of homozygous recessive alleles.
o What percentage of offspring are brown haired?
o What percentage of offspring are blonde haired?
o