Name:_____________________________________________________
Ms. Marcino
Environmental Science
Note Packet
Chapter 2-Methods of Science (pgs 19-33)
Chapter 3-Change in the Biosphere (pgs 34-49)
1. READ chapter 2 (pgs 19-33) and chapter 3 (34-49) in the text book.
2. Define the Vocabulary:
Chapter 2 Vocabulary
1. Abiotic Factor:
2. Biotic Factor:
3. Control:
4. Environment:
5. Hypothesis:
6. Variable:
Chapter 3 Vocabulary
1. Biodiversity:
2. Community:
3. Dormant:
4. Ecosystem:
5. Erosion:
6. Geographical Range:
7. Habitat:
8. Hibernation:
9. Nutrients:
10. Population:
11. Species:
12. Tectonic Plate:
13. Territory:
14. Weathering:
Chapter 2 – Methods of Science
Scientific MethodOHEC
1.
2.
3.
4.
OBSERVATION
 Information we __________________________________________________________________________.
 Scientists “observe” problems they want to ___________________ or ____________________
________________________________________________________.
 They make as many observations as they can about the subject.
HYPOTHESIS
 Is a _______________________________________________________________ for a set of
observations, written as an ___________________________________________________________.
 A hypothesis can be ________________________________.
 A hypothesis is fluid, it must _________________ as new _______________________________ is
gathered.
Check for Understanding:
1.Explain why a hypothesis is not just a wild guess.
2. Why are scientific ideas uncertain by nature?
3. The United States government has established recommended daily allowances for many
nutrients. The amounts recommended for some nutrients have changed over the years.
Why do you think this has happened?
EXPERIMENT
 A ___________________________ designed to _________________________________________________
under ___________________________________________________.
 Multiple experiments by multiple scientists are needed to __________________________
_____________________________________________________________________.
DESIGNING AN EXPERIMENT
 Variable Control Significant Number Data Analysis-
CONCLUSION
 Did we ________________________ or ________________________ the hypothesis?
 What we _______________________________________________________________________________.
 A similar result from ___________________________________________________________________
is correct.
 _________________________________________ can cause a hypothesis to change.
SCIENTIFIC METHOD (OHEC)
 O
 H
 E
 C
Check for Understanding:
1. How does an experimental setup differ from a control setup?
2. Why should a scientist conduct research before beginning an experiment?
3. One of the most important skills a scientist can have is the ability to write well. Why do
you think this is so?
SCIENCE AND ETHICS

Progress in science is driven by ________________________________________________________.

Products of scientific research can be both beneficial and harmful.
ENIVRONMENTAL SCIENCE
 Environment Environment provides _______________, _______________, ____________________, _____________
and other resources.
 Abiotic factors Biotic factors Environmental science is the study of
Check for Understanding:
1. What is meant by the word “environment”?
2. Which parts of the environment respond to the activities of organisms, the biotic factors or
the abiotic factors?
Chapter 3-Change in the Biosphere
THE CHANGING ENVIRONMENT

The lithosphere is made of several large moveable _______________________________________________.

Molten rock ___________________________________________________________________________________________.

The ________________________________________ hardens (as it cools) pushing apart the plates
___________________________________________________________.

______________________________________________ form when the plates cause the Earth’s surface to buckle.
EARTHQUAKES

Vibrations cause by ____________________________________________________________________________ (break in
the Earth’s crust).

______________________________________________ (9.5 is the most powerful to ever be recorded).

Most earthquakes take place on or near ________________________________________.
VOLCANOES

A ______________________________________________________________________ (melted rock) that rises from the
Earth’s interior to its ______________________________.

Often located near ____________________________________________________________________.

On ____________________________________________.
o “______________________________________________” contains 75% of world’s _________________________
volcanoes that are on land.
OTHER LITHOSPHERE CHANGES

Weathering-

Erosion-
CHANGES IN THE HYDROSPHERE
ICE AGES
EL NINO
A long period of cooling,
Beginning in December, a
Huge masses of ice
El Nino can have
Evidence of 5 ice ages in the
CHANGES IN THE ATMOSPHERE

Early Earth’s atmosphere was mostly ______________________________________,
_______________________________, and ____________________________ from volcanic eruptions.

__________________________________________ released first ______________________________ into atmosphere.

For the past _________________________________________________, the atmosphere consists of recycled
__________________________________, __________________________________, ______________________________________,
and _______________________________________.

Greenhouse Effect-
Check for Understanding:
1. Through what process does weather affect the shape of land?
2. In what ways does El Nino affect the economy?
NEEDS OF ORGANISMS

Water-

Food and Energy-
o Nutrients
Living Space-

Climate-

Climate produces varied ____________________________________________________.

Range of Tolerance-

Dormant-

Hibernation-

Hamsters, prairie dogs, dormouse, bats, fat tailed lemurs, ground squirrels, lizards, snails, snakes,
earthworms, ladybug, mosquitos.
Check for Understanding:
—1. In what ways does the behavior among territorial animals differ?
—2. How does hibernation help animals to survive?
—3. Do you think that the amount of water used by each person in the United States has changed over
time? If so, in what way? Explain your answer.
THE ECOSYSTEM

Ecosystem is a ____________________________________________, structured environment that is
______________________________________________.

Ecosystems can be studied on many levels, from _______________________________________________________
________________________________________________________________________________.

Includes all the __________________________________________________________________________________________.
ECO-VOCABULARY

Species-

Habitat-

Geographical Range-

Populations-

Community-

Ecosystem-

Biodiversity-
Check for Understanding:
—1. What factors are included in an ecosystem?
—2. What do you think is the geographical range for human beings?