1.
After the process of _______ occurs, each daughter cell receives an exact copy of the parent cell's
DNA.
A. DNA
replication
B. DNA transcription
C. DNA translation
D. DNA elongation
2.
DNA contains instructions for making the different molecules that the cell needs to grow and
function. _______ is/are made by _______.
A. mRNA; translating
DNA
B. Proteins; transcribing mRNA
C. mRNA; transcribing proteins
D. Proteins; translating mRNA
3.
Which of the following molecules is the subunit of DNA that links together to form strands of
DNA?
A. a phosphate
base
B. a codon
C. a nucleotide
D. a polymerase
4.
The chart below shows the codons that make up the genetic code and the sequence of nucleotides
that corresponds to them.
A mistake during DNA replication leads to a mutation in the nucleotide sequence shown below.
This mutation results from the insertion of two nucleotides into the original sequence, which causes
the reading frame of the sequence to change. This kind of mutation is known as
A. a silent
mutation.
B. a chromosomal mutation.
C. a nonsense mutation.
D. a frame shift mutation.
5.
The first step in the process of gene expression is transcription.What is the product of transcription
during gene expression?
A. a
codon
B. a molecule of RNA
C. an RNA polymerase
D. a molecule of thymine
6.
Hereditary information is found in _______, which are located in the _______ of the cell.
A. mitochondria; endoplasmic
reticulum
B. genes; chromosomes
C. nucleotides; vacuoles
D. ribosomes; cytoplasm
7.
The sequence of bases on one strand of a DNA molecule is ATTGCCCATG. What will be the
sequence on the complementary strand?
A. TAACGGGTA
C
B. CGGTAAACGT
C. GCCATTTGCA
D. ATTGCCCATG
8.
In eukaryotic organisms, DNA transcription occurs in the _______ of a cell.
A. nucleu
s
B. cytoplasm
C. ribosome
D. mitochondria
9.
The diagram below shows a process that can result in the alteration of the composition of
chromosomes.
A piece of each chromosome in the diagram has broken off and been reattached to the other
chromosome, resulting in an exchange.
The process that occurs when a section of a chromosome breaks off and reattches to another
chromosome is known as _______.
A. chromosome
deletion
B. chromosome inversion
C. chromosome nondisjunction
D. chromosome translocation
10.
The genetic code is a sequence of DNA nucleotides. In eukaryotic cells, the DNA is located in
the nuclei of the cells. The genetic code is nearly universal in that
A. the same amino acids are assigned to the same DNA sequences in most living things.
B. the same codons are assigned to the same amino acids in most living things.
C. None of these are correct.
D. the same codons are assigned to the same DNA sequences in most living things.
11.
Which of the following is true regarding the process shown above?
A. The process shown above is known as replication and involves the production of DNA
from RNA.
B. The process shown above is known as cloning and involves the production of RNA from
protein molecules.
C. The process shown above is known as transcription and involves the production of
proteins from DNA.
D. The process shown above is known as translation and involves the production of
proteins from RNA.
12.
DNA replication involves producing new copies of DNA molecules.How many individual DNA
strands exist after one molecule of DNA has been replicated?
A. 4
B. 3
C. 2
D. 1
13.
A diagram demonstrating the process of protein translation is shown below.
The structure labeled with a question mark in the diagram represents
A. a
ribosome.
B. a chloroplast.
C. a mitochondrion.
D. a vacuole.
14.
Which of the following is true about DNA mutations?
A. Mutations can only be caused by environmental factors such as
radiation.
B. Mutations can only occur in the sex cells of an organism.
C. Mutations can only occur in the body cells of an organism.
D. Mutations can spontaneously occur during DNA replication.
15.
A frame shift mutation is a genetic mutation that is caused by the insertion or deletion of a
specific number of nucleotides that shifts the reading frame of the sequence.
The insertion or deletion of how many nucleotides would cause a frame shift mutation?
A. 9
B. 6
C. 3
D. 2
16.
A nucleotide is about to be added to a growing strand of DNA. What factor determines which
type of nucleotide will be added?
A. the length of the DNA
strand
B. base-pairing rules
C. random chance
D. the type of cell in which replication is taking place
17.
What is a major difference between DNA replication and DNA transcription?
A. DNA replication involves the nitrogenous base uracil, while DNA transcription involves
the nitrogenous base thymine.
B. RNA molecules produced by transcription are much shorter in length than DNA
molecules produced by replication.
C. DNA replication takes place in the nucleus, while DNA transcription takes place in the
cytoplasm.
D. DNA transcription only occurs in multicellular organisms, while DNA replication
occurs in all organisms.
18.
The picture below shows the process of transcription.
During transcription, enzymes bind to a molecule of DNA.
Then, the enzymes unwind and separate the DNA's double helical strands. As the molecule
unwinds, complementary nucleotides pair with one of the DNA strands to form
A. an RNA
molecule.
B. a protein molecule.
C. a DNA polymerase.
D. an identical strand of DNA.
19.
Which of the following best describes the product of RNA translation?
A. a DNA
molecule
B. a protein
C. a chromosome
D. an RNA molecule
20.
During a stage of protein synthesis, codons in mRNA molecules are used to specify the
sequence of amino acids in polypeptide chains.What is this process called?
A. codificatio
n
B. gene expression
C. translation
D. transcription
21.
The genetic information that is passed from a parent to its offspring is found in _______.
A. carbon
atoms
B. DNA molecules
C. amino acids
D. hydrogen bonds
22.
The diagram below illustrates a process that can occur during cell division and results in an
alteration in the composition of a chromosome. Each letter in the diagram represents a specific
gene on the chromosome.
The diagram shows that a part of the chromosome is left out and the resulting chromosome is
shorter than normal. This known as
A. chromosome
inversion.
B. chromosome deletion.
C. chromosome nondisjunction.
D. chromosome translocation.
23.
Errors that are made during DNA replication may result in
A. a viral
infection.
B. radioactive decay.
C. identical twins.
D. mutations.
24.
Sometimes, during the process of replication, the DNA code is copied incorrectly, and an
incorrect nucleotide is attached to the new strand of DNA.
This incorrect copy is known as a
A. codon
.
B. mutation.
C. protein.
D. duplicate.
25.
How are complementary strands of DNA held together?
A. with hydrogen bonds connecting complementary
sugars
B. with hydrogen bonds connecting complementary bases
C. with ionic bonds between sugars and phosphate groups
D. with phosphodiester bonds connecting sugars and phosphate groups
26.
The DNA sequences that make up the genetic code of an organism determine which traits the
organism will exhibit.
How are the instructions coded by DNA translated into an organism's physical traits?
A. Instructions coded by DNA sequences are translated into nucleotides which express an
organism's physical traits.
B. Instructions coded by DNA sequences are translated into proteins which express an
organism's physical traits.
C. DNA sequences both code genetic instructions within an organism and express an
organism's physical traits.
D. DNA sequences that code for genetic instructions attach to phosphate groups that
express an organism's physical traits.
27.
The diagram below illustrates a process that can occur during cell division and results in an
alteration in the composition of a chromosome. Each letter in the diagram represents a specific
gene on the chromosome.
The diagram shows that a section of the chromosome was broken out and reinserted
backwards. This is known as
A. chromosome
deletion.
B. chromosome inversion.
C. chromosome insertion.
D. chromosome translocation.
28.
How is the nucleus involved in the production of enzymes?
A. The nucleus transcribes and releases messenger RNA signaling for the enzymes to be
synthesized.
B. The nucleus is involved in the packaging and transportation of enzymes outside of the
cell.
C. The nucleus receives the messenger RNA and is the site where enzymes are synthesized.
D. The nucleus translates the ribosomal RNA for the enzymes to be synthesized in
mitochondria.
29.
When a molecule of double-stranded DNA undergoes replication, it results in
A. one double-stranded DNA molecule composed only of entirely new
strands.
B. four double-stranded DNA molecules, each composed only of old strands of DNA.
C. three double-stranded DNA molecules, each composed of sections of old and new
strands.
D. two double-stranded DNA molecules, each composed of one new and one old strand.
30.
Which of the following correctly describes the components of DNA?
A. DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and
one of four nitrogenous bases.
B. DNA is made up of proteins consisting of the sugar deoxyribose, a phosphate, and one
of four nitrogenous bases.
C. DNA is made up of nucleotides consisting of the sugar ribose, a carbon ring, and one of
four phosphorus bases.
D. DNA is made up of proteins consisting of the sugar ribose, a carbon ring, and one of
four phosphorus bases.
31.
From the list below, select the items that are used during RNA translation.
I. mRNA
II. tRNA
III. ribosome
IV. amino acid
A. I, III, and IV
only
B. II, III, and IV only
C. III and IV only
D. I, II, III, and IV
32.
Cells store genetic information in DNA. That genetic information is used to synthesize _______.
A. gene
s
B. proteins
C. carbohydrates
D. polysaccharides
33.
How does DNA help with the transfer of genetic material from parents to offspring?
A. Enzymes break down DNA, releasing amino acids that join to form proteins and express
various traits.
B. DNA is mutated by a chemical passed from parents to offspring to form proteins that
express traits.
C. Genes in DNA code for the production of proteins, which cause traits to be expressed.
D. Proteins bind to DNA, which activates them and forces them to express certain traits.
34.
What is a gene?
A. any single amino acid in a multicellular
organism
B. a set of instructions in the DNA sequence of an organism
C. a characteristic of any organism
D. a sex cell that aids in organism reproduction
35.
Which of the following best describes the product of DNA transcription?
A. an RNA
molecule
B. a chromosome
C. a DNA molecule
D. a protein
36.
The process of DNA replication is biologically significant because it allows the cells of living
organisms to
A. synthesize proteins from mRNA
polymers.
B. convert solar energy into glucose.
C. copy their DNA before cell division.
D. break down glucose molecules for energy.
37.
The nucleotide of DNA is one large molecule composed of three smaller molecules. Which of
the following sets of molecules bond together to form a nucleotide?
A. a purine, a pyrimidine, and a five-carbon
sugar
B. a nitrogen atom, a phosphate atom, and a five-carbon sugar
C. adenine, thymine, and cytosine
D. deoxyribose, a nitrogen base, a phosphate group
38.
Which of the following is a true statement about codons?
A. In translation, an mRNA codon is recognized by its complementary
tRNA.
B. A codon is a sequence of four nitrogenous bases.
C. A codon is a sequence of three amino acids.
D. In translation, an mRNA codon is recognized by its complementary amino acid.
39.
DNA contains instructions for making the different molecules, such as proteins, that the cell
needs for growth and function. To use these instructions, the DNA must first be _______
into _______.
A. translated; amino
acids
B. transcribed; amino acids
C. translated; mRNA
D. transcribed, mRNA
40.
______ is a source of genetic variation that refers to a random error in the genetic code.
A. Mitosi
s
B. Meiosis
C. Fertilization
D. A mutation
41.
During the process shown above, the two strands of one DNA molecule are unwound. Then,
DNA polymerases add complementary nucleotides to each strand which results in the formation
of two identical DNA molecules.
This process is known as DNA _______.
A. clonin
g
B. transcription
C. replication
D. translation
42.
Translation involves the assembling of proteins. Which of the following forms of RNA is
responsible for carrying a formed amino acid to the protein assembly site during translation?
A. rRN
A
B. mRNA
C. RNA polymerase
D. tRNA
43.
Which choice below correctly summarizes the base-pairing rules in DNA?
A. AU
CG
B. A-C
T-G
C. A-T
C-G
D. A-G
C-T
44.
During DNA replication, a primer attaches to a template strand of DNA and begins a new
strand. After the primer has attached, an enzyme extends the new strand of DNA by adding
nucleotides that correspond to the nucleotide sequences in the template strand.
Which enzyme is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing DNA molecule?
A. DNA
polymerase
B. DNA helicase
C. DNA isomerase
D. DNA structase
45.
Which of the following is true about DNA transcription and protein translation?
A. Transcription only occurs in plant cells, whereas translation only occurs in animal cells.
B. The processes of transcription and translation are similar in all living organisms.
C. Transcription only occurs in animal cells, whereas translation only occurs in plant cells.
D. The processes of transcription and translation do not occur in prokaryotes.
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