SOLUTIONS 101 WAYS:
DO NOT
use for FINAL
REWRITE, just to help you study for this
unit and the 4 topic testcoming up the
week of May 20th
SOLUTIONS:
52. SOLUTIONS: Solute= material BEING dissolved. Ex. Sugar or coffee
grinds into coffee. Solvent= the material DOING the dissolving. Ex.
The hot water for the coffee
53. Factors that affect RATE of solubility (How FAST a solute dissolves)
include stirring, temp, and surface area
54. Rate(stirring): For SOLID and LIQUID solutes= as stirring increases so does
how fast the solute dissolves. (Stirring sugar makes it dissolve faster)
*** For Gases: stirring decreases degree and increases rate of solubility
55. Rate(temp): increasing the temp of a solvent increases the rate of dissolving for
a solid or liquid solute. (Hot coffee dissolves sugar faster).
*** Increasing the temp of a solvent decreases the rate at which a gas dissolves
(hot soda=flat soda)
56. Rate(surface Area): the greater the surface area of a solid solute, the faster the
solute dissolves
57. Degree of Solubility= HOW MUCH can be dissolved. Factors
Affecting include: Nature of solute/solvent (bond types), temp, how
much already dissolved and pressure (gases only)
58. Degree(temp): the higher the temp of the solvent the more
SOLID/LIQUID solute dissolves
**** For Gases: the higher the temp of solvent the
LESS gas dissolves (warm soda=flat soda)
59. Degree(Pressure) GASES ONLY: More gas dissolves as
the pressure of the gas over its solvent increases
(Henry’s Law) Ex. CO2 (carbonation) added to soda under high pressure;
Nitrogen in diver’s bloodstream at great pressure (bends)
60.
Degree(Bonding): “Like dissolves Like”:
A polar solvent such as water, will
dissolve a polar solute (or an ionic
one) Ex. HCL in H20, OR, Ex. NaCl in H20,
and a nonpolar solvent will dissolve a
nonpolar solute Ex. CO2 gas in O2 gas
61. Dilute(“weak”): a solution containing a relatively small
amount of solute
62. Concentrated(“strong): a solution containing a relatively
large amount of solute
63. unsaturated: holds less than the max amount of solute the
solution could hold at a given temp; One more added crystal will
dissolve
64. saturated: holds the max amount of solute the solution can
hold at a given temp; one more crystal will not dissolve
65. supersaturated: holds more than the max amount of solute
the solution can hold at a given temp accomplished through
heating the solvent; upon cooling the excess can “grow” out of
solution if a nucleus exists OR the excess can come out all at once
after cooling IF system is agitated
66. Solubility curves: hit the line=saturated, falling below the
line= unsaturated, above the line= supersaturated