Check ans key for some changes
Name: ____________________________
Pretest: _____/48
Posttest: ______/48
Pretest Ch 17 & 19.2: Patterns of Evolution
Part 1: Matching Vocab. Match the term on the right with the definition on the left by
placing the letter on the blank where it best matches.
1. _____ all of the gens and alleles in an entire
A. adaptive radiation
population
B. behavioral isolation
2. _____ evolution keeps making things more to
C. bottleneck effect
one extreme, e.g. feet keep getting
D. coevolution
smaller and smaller
E. convergent evolution
3. _____ evolution tends to make organisms more
F. directional selection
to a middle point, e.g. medium sized
G. disruptive selection
feet naturally selected
H. divergent evolution
4. _____ when organisms move to a new habitat
I. founder effect
and start their own population and
J. gene pool
gene pool
K. genetic drift
5. _____ the processes where an organism becomes
L. genetic equilibrium
its own species
M. geographic isolation
6. _____ members of a population start to act
N. Hardy-Weinberg Principle
differently and stop breeding together
O. macroevolutionary patterns
7. _____ looking at DNA and rate of mutation to tell
P. molecular clock
when organisms became different species
Q. punctuated equilibrium
8. _____ a disaster wipes out part of a population
R. reproductive isolation
and the gene frequency changes
S. speciation
9. _____ all the changes in behavior, structures,
T. stabilizing selection
functions and ecology that a species
U. temporal isolation
undergoes
10. _____ when organisms live together and evolve together (e.g. coral and algae)
11. _____ when populations that live in the same
area mate at different times and become separate species
12. _____ when evolution happens in very short time frames, not little by little
13. _____ when members of a population stop breeding and become their own species
14. _____ evolution tends towards both extremes, not the middle, e.g. big and small
feet are good, medium is bad
15. _____ when organisms evolve and fit all parts of an ecosystem, e.g. live in the
ground, on the ground, in the trees, in the air….
16. _____ populations that get separated physically (e.g. by a river) become different
species
17. _____ when organisms evolve into many different organisms, but still have
similarities (homologous structures)
18. _____ when populations do not evolve
19. _____ over time, in small population, one allele becomes more common than
another but not by natural selection
20. _____ when organisms in similar environments evolve to have similar traits
(analogous structures)
21. _____ says that all allele frequencies in a population should remain the same, and
the organisms will not evolve
Here is a graph of the range of phenotypes in
a population. Explain what each of the
following is and draw what the graph
would look like after each:
Proportion
of
individuals
Trait value
22. - 23. Directional selection
24. – 25. Stabilizing selection
26. – 27. Disruptive selection
Genetic equilibrium is the idea that allele frequencies in a population do not change
over time. In other words, a population in genetic equilibrium does not evolve.
There are five things that can disrupt genetic equilibrium and cause evolution
to happen. Name and explain them.
28.
29.
30.
31.
32.
As a population of organisms evolves, it eventually reaches a point where some of the
members can not breed with the others. They have evolved to become a new
species and the process is called speciation. There are 4 ways this can
happen. Name and explain them.
33.
34.
35.
36.
37. – 38. What is the difference between a background extinction and a mass
extinction? Which happens more frequently?
Explain each of these four patterns of evolution (how they happen, what they lead to):
39. convergent evolution
40. divergent evolution:
41. coevolution:
42. adaptive radiation
43. – 44. What is the difference between
gradualism and punctuated
equilibrium?” Explain which
picture to the right is which.
Above are pictures 2 identical diagrams called cladograms. They show how closely
related organisms are and some of the characteristics that separate one from
another.
According to the diagram, what is most closely related to:
45. birds
46. lobsters
47. mammals
48. lungfish