Ozone and NaCl based electrolytic solar cell
The ozone and sodium chloride based electrolytic solar cell in novel idea using
ozone as the one of the active electrolyte to produce electricity.
Ozone and sodium chloride based electrolytic
solar cell (Optically transparent chamber 1)
(Consists of active electrolyte ozone gas, active
electrolyte NaCl which is dissolved in suitable non
volatile solvent, tungsten cathode and zinc anode
or other inert electrodes).
The oxidation process of Sodium ion occurs at
interfacial region between gas and the liquid near
cathode and anode and gets precipitated.
Chamber 4
Chamber 4 contains non-volatile
solvent to dissolve NaCl and to
produce ionic solution of Na+1 and
Cl- ions which is feed back to
chamber 1.
Chamber 2
Na2O
precipitated
in
electrolytic solar cell was
collected by mechanical
process and is converted
to NaCl using HCl and is
feed
back
to
the
electrolytic chamber 1.
Chamber 5
Left over oxygen gas in the
chamber 1 is converted to ozone
gas by using UV lamp.
Chamber 3
Na2O from chamber 1
can be converted to
NaOH using water
which in turn is
converted to NaCl
and is transferred to
chamber 1.
Chamber 6
Ozone production is carried out in
this chamber and is feedback to
chamber 1.
Block Diagram of Proposed Ozone and Sodium Based Electrolytic Solar Cell with
Feed Back Process
1
Load
Cathode
Anode
Ozone
NaCl in suitable nonvolatile solvent
O-2
Na+1
Cl-
Na2O
Block Diagram for Proposed Ozone and Sodium Chloride Based Electrolytic
Solar Cell
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Probable mechanism of producing electricity by proposed ozone and sodium
chloride based electrolytic solar cell:
The Na+1 and Cl- ionic solution was prepared by dissolving NaCl in suitable non
volatile solvent or organic solvent or in aqueous solvent.
The positively charged sodium ions in the electrolyte moves towards cathode and
negatively charged chlorine ions moves towards anode by electrostatic force of
attraction due to DC current between the electrodes, there by attaching/adsorbing on to
the respective electrodes, which produces external circuit current in ozone and sodium
chloride based electrolytic solar cell. The electrodes can be tungsten and zinc or other
inert electrode.
The visible light slightly interacts with the ozone gas and dissociates it in
to oxygen gas and nascent oxygen ions. The nascent oxygen ion may also be
adsorbed on to the anode at gas and liquid interfacial region; this can also
produce an external electrical current, when Na+1 ions also get adsorbed on to the
cathode. The adsorbed oxygen ion oxidizes the Na+1ions in the vicinity of anode
to produce Na2O and gets precipitated at the bottom of the chamber 1.
The feedback process is carried out as mentioned in block diagram of electrolytic
solar cell for continuous working of the electrolytic solar cell to produce uninterrupted
electricity.
Note:
1. 1000ml of 1 M ozone contains 57.997 g of weight; similarly 1000ml of 1 M of
NaCl contains 58.443 g of weight. This can be enclosed in a cell of top
surface area 10 sq. foot or less than 10 sq. foot of panel.
Important and useful calculations based on minimum conversion estimation:
There is Avogadro number of atoms in 1 Mole of ozone and is equal to 10 23
numbers.
For minimum estimation of 1% conversion of ozone molecules in to ionized oxygen
ions by visible light interaction, there results in 1021 ions of oxygen ions.
External current produced in Ozone and sodium chloride based electrolytic solar cell
due to adsorption of Na+1 ion on cathode and O-2 ions adsorbed on anode is given by
I = nq/t = (1021*10-19)C/s = 100 Amp
I = 6000 Amp/minute
P = 6000 W/min, for open circuit voltage of 1 V (Voltage is approximate value and can
be lower or higher for the circuit).
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P = 6000*60 W/hr
P = 3.6*105 W/hr for 10 sq foot or less of solar panel area.
P = 3.6*105*900000 W/(hr-sq km)
P = 3.6*105*900000*12*30 W/ (hr-sq km) in one month.
Solar power estimated to be approximately 1015 W/(hr-sq km) in one month.
Important Note:
1. There can be losses in the ozone and sodium chloride based electrolytic
solar cell, due to oxidation of Na+1 ion before it reaches to the cathode.
Even if we consider 90% losses, the output power is still high of the order
of 1015*10/100 W/(hr-sq km) in one month), which is equal to 1014W//(hr-sq
km) in one month). The area required to set up solar power plant would be
1 sq. km to meet the entire requirement of India. In the above estimation the
external current produced due to adsorption of Cl- ion at anode is not
considered, if considered the total power output would be increased, which
means the above electrolytic solar cell works well.
2. Please also note that the highest efficiency was reported by Sanyo Company is
22.3% efficiency in hetero-junction intrinsic thin film silicon solar (Twenty-two
percent efficiency HIT solar cell, Solar Energy Materials & Solar Cells 93 (2009)
670–673).
3. In our proposed ozone and sodium chloride based electrolytic solar cell,
the power output may be higher than HIT solar cells and cost would also be
more effective than silicon technology for HIT solar cells once the low cost
production of ozone technology is developed.
Important information about this ozone based electrolytic solar cells using other
chloride as active electrolyte:
Other non metals, metals, transition metals and rare earths which are in chloride
form and get ionized in proper solvent can be used as the active electrolyte. Among
these which get precipitated as the oxide and this oxide get converted in to hydrates,
hydrides and sulphides suitable procedure has to be adopted. .
In the case of non metals, metals, transition metals and rare earths which do not
readily form oxide at normal conditions gets adsorbed on to the cathode and chloride,
oxygen ions gets adsorbed on to the anode. In such situation the electrolytic solar cell
can be used as rechargeable electrolytic solar cell. Negative pulse across the terminals
of electrodes results in dispersion of cations and anions in to the solvent. The cyclic
process continues producing external electric current when oxygen atoms present in
electrolytic solar cell is transformed in to ozone by UV rays and consequent photo
dissociation with visible light. For this purpose a UV source is needed. The
efficiency/power output depends on the type of the active electrolyte used.
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