Academic Biology Need to Know List
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
Keystone Eligible Content
B111 Describe the events that occur during the cell cycle: interphase, nuclear division (ie mitosis or
meiosis), cytokinesis.
B112 Compare the processes and outcomes of mitotic and meiotic nuclear divisions.
Mitosis
I.
The cell cycle is the regular sequence of growth and division that cells undergo.
II.
Why cells need to reproduce:
a. Surface Area to volume relationship
III.
Interphase is the stage of the cell cycle where the cell grows to its mature size, copies its DNA,
and prepares to divide.
a. Interphase is the longest part of the cell cycle.
b. Interphase is broken up into 3 stages.
i. G1 – Cell grows and carries out its normal function.
ii. S – DNA is copied
iii. G2 – Cell prepares to divide
IV.
Mitosis is the stage of the cell cycle where one copy of the DNA is distributed into each of the
daughter cells.
a. Cytokinesis is the part of the cell cycle where the cytoplasm divides.
b. Chromosomes are condensed forms of the chromatin. You only see them during cell
division.
c. Histones
d. Nucleosomes
e. Diploid cells are cells that contain homologous chromosomes. This means that the
organism has one chromosome is inherited from its biological mother and one
chromosome it inherited from its biological father. In other words, the cell has
chromosome pairs.
f. Sister chromatids are identical copies of a chromosome separated during mitosis.
g. Mitosis is broken down into 4 stages.
i. Prophase – chromosomes form, spindle fibers appear, nucleus disappears
ii. Metaphase – spindle fibers pull sister chromatids to the middle of the cell
iii. Anaphase – spindle fibers shorten and pull apart sister chromatids
iv. Telophase – chromatids reach opposite ends of the cell, nucleus reappears
h. At the end of mitosis there are two daughter cells that are created from one parent cell.
i. Somatic/body cells
j. The daughter cells are genetically identical to the parent cell. This means they will have
the same # of chromosomes as well.
k. Label and/or draw the phases of mitosis
Meiosis – be able to label/draw a diagram of the phases
Academic Biology Need to Know List
Cell Division: Mitosis and Meiosis
V.
Meiosis
a. Haploid cell
b. Gamete/sex cell
VI.
Phases of Meiosis
i. DNA replicates in Interphase
I.
Meiosis I
ii. Prophase I
iii. Metaphase I
iv. Anaphase I
v. Telophase I
1. Cytokinesis
2. Products of Meiosis I
a. Number
b. Type of cells
a. Meiosis 2
b. No replication of DNA
c. Prophase II
d. Metaphase II
e. Anaphase II
f. Telophase II
i. Cytokinesis
1. Products after Meiosis II
a. Number
b. Type of cell
II.
Mitosis vs. Meiosis
a. Be able to compare and contrast in terms of process and outcome