Taxonomy Notes
NAME: ___________________________________
Yount Biology
CLASSIFICATION

the ____________ of organisms by _________________

Biological __________________ are based on _____organisms are_____________.
________________- the __________of biology concerned with the grouping and __________of organisms; the
study of __________________

Organisms are classified into a _____________of groups and subgroups based on _______________that
reflect their _______________over a period of time.
________________ or Phylogenic Tree

A branching, ______________ diagram in which the endpoints of the _____________represent specific
___________of organisms.

It is used to illustrate _________________ relationships and show _________ at which various species
have ____________ from common ______________ forms.
HISTORY:
 ____________ - developed the _____ method of classification

He ____________ all living things into ___ major groups
Aristotle’s Groups


He divided all ___________ things into 2 major ____________
o
1. ___________
o
classified by ________ and _____________
2. _____________
o

Aristotle… If it’s
not a plant, then it’s
an animal.
classified by _____________ (_________ they lived)
_____________ with his system:
o
Frogs live in both _________ and on _______
o
_______, birds and flying __________ were grouped ____________
Carolus Linnaeus developed the _________system of_____________ (Father of____________)
Linnaeus
1707-1778
MODERN CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM

_______________ are grouped together on the basis of:
o


Similarity in ______________
Similarity in ___________ makeup (________________)
o
Similarities among organisms on the _______________ and _____________ levels are reflected in
the large degree of similarity in _____________ and ____________ ________of different
organisms.
o
_____________ is the product
of _____________ in these molecules.
Similarity of _______________ development

Similarity in ____________________ history



___________________: the evolutionary ___________ of a species ____________ on
comparing ____________________ between species using the __________ record
Similarity in _____________
Classification is __________ on close __________________ relationships of organisms.
o
Organisms classified in the same ________ (pl.) (_________, sing.) share a _____________
_____________. They have ______________ from the same ____________ ancestral organism.
Evolutionary Relationships

Classification is ______________
o
each successive _________ is smaller and ________ closely ____________ than the one before it

Kingdom – ___________ group

P_______ (sing.)
o Phyla (pl.)(Plants don’t have ________, they have _____________.)

C_______

O_______

F__________

G_______

S________
These two taxa make up the scientific
name.
K__________ p__________ c_________ o___________ f________ g_________ s________.
Binomial Nomenclature
 ______________ nomenclature is a standard way of _____________ a species with a scientific ____-word
name.

The _______ word is the _________ name and the __________ the ___________ name.

Scientific name - 2 _________ names

- __________ and ____________

- ____________ the _______ letter of the _________

- Do ______ capitalize the ___________

- ____________ underline or use ____________
Ex. ______ ____________
______________- organisms that belong to the same species can ________ AND produce ___________
offspring.

Horses and _____________ can mate.
o
They produce a ________


Mules are ______________
_________ and tigers can mate.
o
They produce a _________

Ligers are _____________ (most of the time)
Why use scientific names?

____________ names do not indicate ______ organisms are ____________ or classified.

Common _________ can be _______________. (e.g., seahorse, ___________ willow)

Organisms with _______ than _____ common name leads to mass ______________.
Why Latin?
o
Latin is ___ longer _________, and therefore, does ____ ____________ as spoken languages do.
o
So, scientific names ___________ the same _____________.
Review, REFER TO CHAPTER 18 OF THE TEXTBOOK, pgs.447-461
1. In the discipline known as
organism a universally accepted name.
2. In
, biologists assign each kind of
, each species is assigned a two-part scientific name.
3. According to the system of binomial nomenclature, how should the scientific name of a species be written?
_______________________________________________________________
4. In taxonomy, each level of classification is referred to as a(an)
.
5. How is evolutionary classification different from Linnaeus’s system of classification?
__________________________________________________________________________________________
6. Characteristics that appear in recent parts of a lineage but not in its older members are called
a. taxons.
c. cladograms.
b. derived characters.
d. genes.
7. What type of model is shown below?
a. binomial nomenclature
c. cladogram
b. molecular clock
d. domain
8. What is used to estimate the length of time that two species have been evolving independently?
a. cladogram
c. taxonomy
b. derived characters
d. molecular clock
9. A scientist analyzes the insulin molecules, which are proteins, of three different
species, A, B, and C. The insulin from A is different from B in six ways and from C in
three ways. The insulin from B is different from C in two ways. Which two species
appear to be most closely related? Explain your answer.
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
_____________________________________________________________________________________________________
10. Name the smallest taxon in Linnaeus’s system of classification that contains
fishes, lions, eagles, snakes, and frogs.
________________________________________________________
11. Which part of the name Homo erectus identifies the genus?
_______________________________________