Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement (IOPA) IOPA HEADQUATERS IN TERRAT VILLAGE, MANYARA TANZANIA July, 2015. 1 IOPA PROJECT PROPOSAL, MARCH 2015: 1.Project Title and Country. “Poverty reduction through social & economic empowerment/transformation of the Pastoral Communities in Maasai-land of Northern Tanzania” Terrat, Simanjiro - Manyara Tanzania. 2.Summary (1page maximum). Project Identification. In order to come to the Objectives, expected outputs and activities, a study was carried out, each by the Institute through a Participatory Needs Assessment (PNA) study in the village of Terrat and with the three Women groups in Simanjiro district to assess women economic activities, existing bottlenecks and areas for possible future improvements. In the strategic planning workshop, analysis of problems, objectives and alternative strategies were made. A feasibility study in Same district was conducted after the workshop at detailing gender specific issues, analysis of the household food economy of the Maasai people and assessing ways for possible collaboration with other stakeholders within the districts. Also, the study took into account the complex socio-economic structure of the Project area with conflicting land-use practices and attractive outside market (including the neighbouring Country) for food crops. These factors, in one way or the other, contribute negatively to the household food security. General Objective. The Overall objective of the Project is “To contribute towards poverty reduction among the marginalized group of the pastoral men and women in Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same districts in Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions”. This Project aim at covering the main area of pastoral Community economic development in order to strive towards improving the household economic and food security through the following sections. i) Pastoral Community Social-Economic development through Livestock sector development. ii) Women and youth socio-economic empowerment. iii) Improve the Quality & Accessibility of Formal educational to Maasai children. iv) Empowering local pastoral Communities through information and Community Broadcasting. 2 v) Environmental Conservation and sustainable exploitation of natural resources. During the participatory planning sessions a number of ways for reducing poverty among the Maasai communities were proposed. Some of the proposed measures include improving livestock production, improving sustainable household production, promoting market outlets for livestock products as well as leadership empowerment and Community rights. Also, it was pointed out that promoting establishment and strengthening of sustainable Women groups and linking them to sources of capital such as Credit facilities could improve women’s and youth contribution in the household income. Specific Objectives. Specific Objectives for this Project have been formulated based on the different strategies focusing on two main areas. First focus is on the development of the Livestock sector and improvement of sustainable crop production. This emerged as an important intervention area because livestock keeping and crop farming are important economic sectors of the Maasai communities. Orkonerei Institute will collaborate with the pastoral Maasai partners and all other stakeholders in the selected villages of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro districts to improve livestock services in terms of quality and quantity so as to contribute towards poverty reduction and improvement of the livelihoods and the living standards of the poor pastoral Maasai in the target areas. Secondly, the Project will focus on the Women and youth economic empowerment. The empowerment of women and youth is seen as a critical factor in the eradication of poverty because they are the ones who bear disproportionate burden attempting to manage household consumption and production under conditions of increasing scarcity. Ilaramatak LorkonereiInstitute will complement efforts of other stakeholders (and development actors) in the target areas that, in one way or the other, play a role in empowering women economically. Thirdly empowerment of Communities through leadership training, Community Rights approaches and Community media is a strategic and very potential tool. 3 3.Brief History of the Organization. P.O.Box 12785 Arusha Tanzania, Tel: +255 784 712 961, | +255 769 712 961, | +255 754 858670; E-mail Addresses: martin.kariongi@gmail.com/ martinkariongi@yahoo.com / ilaramatak@yahoo.com Website: www.orkonerei .or.tz Twitter.com/Orkonerei www.facebook.com/Orkonerei?ref=hl SUMMARY: Organization: Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement (IOPA) Year founded: 1993 Country: Tanzania Website: www.orkonerei.or.tz IOPA is a hybrid social organization that operates in Northern Tanzania to facilitate, promote, direct and shape the social and economic transition of pastoral peoples from subsistence economy to a long term sustainable economy. Focus: Education, Agriculture, Social -Economic Development. Geographic Area of Impact: Northern Tanzania. Model: Leveraged Non-Profit Number of Direct Beneficiaries: 46,789 (2013). Annual Budget: USD $ 156400/= (2014) Percentage Earned Revenue: 37% (2014) Background. Covering much of northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, the Maasai people live in villages of 180 or 260 families totalling between 850,000 to 1,240,000 people. Most of them lack access to formal schooling, healthcare, and other basic services. The majority are pastoralists they herd sheep, goats and cattle. Like some other tribal groups in East Africa and many around the world, the Maasai are seen and treated by many of their non-Maasai neighbours as less than human or as primitive societies. Their perceived primitivism has exposed them to oppressive actions on the parts of governments and religious groups that have tried both to force settlement and force the adoption of Western values and beliefs. 4 Innovation and Activities. To address the need for internal coordination and communication and at the same time gain credibility with non-Maasai actors (including both the governments of Tanzania and Kenya and various international rights groups) IOPA has engaged Maasai Communities in a comprehensive social, political and economic empowerment program that improves and builds sustainable and quality livelihoods for the Maasai people of Tanzania. IOPA facilitates transformation and diversification of the economic system of the Maasai through social business, social entrepreneurship and innovation - through radio programs, roundtable discussion, and festivals, the Institute prepares a fertile ground for selfexamination and collective action. On the economic side, it also helps villages both diversify the pastoral economics base and meet their needs in existing local market needs. Livestock production, sector development and natural resources management are fundamental to this economic empowerment of the Maasai people. IOPA has established social businesses around each component of the Maasai production value chain, creating wealth and reducing poverty in these pastoral rural communities. The Institute also teaches the Maasai veterinary services and techniques and sensitizes them about the use of both modern and traditional veterinary medicine. This has led to the creation of four veterinary suppliers and three Veterinary Diagnostic/Investigative centres in pastoralist areas. As a result of these vaccination campaigns, pastoralists have begun to use modern treatments and methods of livestock management, allowing animals to live healthier, longer, more productive lives. As a result they will produce more milk and meat products both for local consumption and for the markets, that will enable the Maasai households to stabilize and grow economically therefore reducing poverty amongst these pastoral communities. Core Values & Purpose of IOPA: Social & Economic empowerment of the Maasai Communities. (Unlock the Social & economic strategic potentials of the Maasai people in livestock and Natural Resources) Awaken the entrepreneurship & Innovations among the Maasai Population. Environmental Conservation. Build and improves the quality of Education to Maasai Children & Adults learning. Vision Quality and advanced living standards of Pastoral Community both Social & Economically and culturally in the 21st Century of the new millennium. Mission Statement IOPA aims at building and improving the standards of living of pastoral Maasai communities of Northern Tanzania through social and Economic Advancement through Social business, Social entrepreneurship & innovations by facilitating, Mobilizing and organizing communities by providing and supporting Pastoral Education and training. Promote Community Broadcasting, Livestock sector development, Natural Resource Management and 5 Environmental Conservancy that entails protection of Community Economic Rights through lobbying &Advocacy. IOPA implementation strategy While Maasai people share a common language and common traditions they are especially vulnerable among tribal people in East Africa because they lack a system of central governance. To address the need for internal coordination and communication on the one hand, and gain credibility with non-Maasai actors (including both the governments of Tanzania and Kenya and various international rights groups) on the other Maasi Communities through their organization IOPA is engaged in a comprehensive Social- political and economic empowerment program that improves and builds quality Sustainable Livelihoods for the Maasai people of Tanzania. Through radio programs, roundtable discussion, and festivals, the Institute prepares a fertile ground for self-examination and collective action. The Institute sees that a stance of cultural preservation to the exclusion of change not only leads to further discrimination, isolation, and economic impossibility, but also contradicts one of main objectives: to protect the rights of these traditional indigenous people of Eastern Africa. IOPA facilitates transformation and diversification of the economic system of the Maasai through social business, Social entrepreneurship and innovations, it also helps villages both diversify the pastoral economics base and meet their needs and existing local market needs. Livestock production and sector development and Natural Resources Management are key to this economic empowerment of the Maasai peoples. The Institute teaches Maasai veterinary services and techniques and sensitizes them about the use of both modern and traditional veterinary medicine and has set up four veterinary suppliers and three Veterinary Diagnostic/Investigative centers in pastoralist areas. This leads to having healthy animals with high productivity that caters for local and market’s needs. IOPA in collaboration with international Foundation and NGOs has established and initiated Social businesses around each value chain of the Maasai produces and natural resources that emanate from their natural environments and creates economic opportunities & ventures for wealth creation and poverty reduction in these Pastoral rural Communities. 4.Brief description of the Situation. General situation Maasai Pastoralists in Tanzania. Covering much of northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, the Maasai live in villages of 80 or 130 families totaling between 850,000 and 1,240,000 people. Most lack access to formal schooling, healthcare, and other basic services. They are pastoralists—they herd goats and cattle. The latter provide milk and blood for daily sustenance and hold a sacred place in the minds and beliefs of the people. Cows are power and status; they are the unit of currency, and they can be traded for goods, and for wives. Their semi nomadic way of life further complicates the way forward as they do not own land individually or privately but communally and need a lot of it for their herds. 6 Like some other tribal groups in East Africa and many around the world, the Maasai are seen and treated by many of their non-Maasai neighbors as less than human or primitive societies. Their perceived primitivism has exposed them to oppressive actions on the parts of governments and religious groups that have tried both to force settlement and to force the adoption of Western values and beliefs. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Tanzanian Army set fire to villages and cattle and moved many Maasai into camps during socialism (ujamaa) period and during establishment of many of the national parks within Maasai lands. While such raids have ceased, discrimination continues. Maasai people are often denied access to public transportation, hotels, and restaurants. This long history of abuse and conflict has given rise to militancy among some Maasai and contributed to the loss of pride and dignity among others. Neither response fosters healthy citizen action. For Maasai people, tradition is a source of cultural texture and richness; it also fuels intertribal conflict and supports practices that violate the rights and health of some of its members. For example, circumcision of teenagers both boys and girls is a central rite of passage, but in the case of girls, it can result in death from blood loss or infection, or for those who survive, in health and reproductive complications that last a lifetime. The Maasai are an extraordinary pastoral group one faced with unique challenges in an increasingly culturally integrated and globalize world. Poverty in the National context Tanzania is a poor country with about 50 percent of the estimated 46 million people living below a US$ 1 a day. About 30 percent of the people live in abject poverty. While poverty is mainly a rural phenomenon in Tanzania, it is also gaining prominence in urban areas. Poverty, defined as “deprivation from resources (physical, economic, social, etc.) needed to achieve a sustainable livelihood”, is widespread in Tanzania in spite of the abundance of land and natural resources that are not fully exploited. Its causes and manifestations are multidimensional, including lack of income and productive resources to ensure a sustainable livelihood; hunger and malnutrition, ill health, limited or lack of access to education and other basic social services, high rates of morbidity and mortality, homelessness and 7 inadequate housing, unsafe environment, social discrimination and exclusion and lack of participation in decision making and civil, social and cultural life. The Poverty Reduction and Growth Facilities (PRGF) outline the economic and financial policies for the medium term. One of these policies focuses on improving the delivery (quantity and quality) of education, health and water. Also, a focus is made on improving production, productivity and quality in agriculture, which is the mainstay of the Tanzanian economy. About 3.6 million farm households operating on average less than one hectare and depending mainly on rain-fed agriculture, account for about 80 percent of employment, 50 percent of Gross Domestic Product and 75 percent of foreign exchange earnings. The performance of Agriculture and Food security sector has not been impressive in recent years, as evidenced by a low GDP, which has remained at 3.3% per year since 2010 (TAS, consultation draft 1, 2011). The low performance of Agriculture and Food security sector has been attributed by, among others, very poor infrastructure and lack of comprehensive market information, dominance of low technology relying on hand hoe for the majority of small holder farmers and poor transfer of knowledge from researchers to farmers and inadequate access to extension services. The Rural Development Strategy (RDS) and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP) are the most recent key strategic frameworks for poverty eradication and development cooperation in rural Tanzania. They shortly profile the poverty situation and present key constraints and priority needs. Poverty is a complex process and multidimensional situation. In terms of income and expenditures, the PRSP indicates that 57 % of the rural population in Tanzania has no sufficient means to cater for their basic needs (poverty incidence). The poor are vulnerable to adverse weather conditions (from drought to floods), environmental degradation and unfavorable economic policies, which undermine their food and economic security. Large households with many dependents (children, elders) are more likely to be poor. Also, women are generally perceived to be poorer than men as they are more vulnerable because of limited access and ownership of various assets and low level of schooling. The picture of social development is equally distressing. Only 61 % of the rural population are literate and just 45 % have access to safe water. In 2010, about 43%, of children under 5 were found to be stunted and 7 % were classified as wasted. Poverty is also about feelings of insecurity and powerlessness to break out the cycle of poverty and cope with a fast changing environment. In the RDS, PRSP and TASAF (Tanzania Social Action Fund), the central government is devolving responsibilities for managing development to local governments. Collaboration with development NGO’s and community organizations is part of this reform process. Increasingly local NGO’s and community organizations create space for expressing priorities in development. However, their capacity remains low and their outreach limited. Poverty in Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro districts. Livelihood insecurity is caused by poverty, which can be defined as a state of deprivation, prohibitive of decent human life. It is a result of many other factors including lack of productive resources to generate material wealth, illiteracy, prevalence of diseases, discriminative socio-economic and political systems, natural calamities such a floods and drought as well as man-made calamities such as wars. Poverty can be measured by the 8 physical (both productive and none productive), social and human capital of the people. Increasing these forms of capital will therefore lead to improved livelihood security. Livelihood security, which is the opposite of the above, means that each individual, at every time, and with respect to the future generations, has sufficient access to food (in quality and quantity) and other basic needs (health care, education, housing, clothing,...) without losing one’s dignity or to be forced to humiliate oneself in order to fulfill these needs Food security is one of the indicators for monitoring poverty. It refers to a situation under which an individual, household or community has access to an adequate supply of food throughout the year. This situation is determined by the amount of available food in relation to actual daily calorific requirement of the individual, household or community. Whereas calorific intake requirement is the scientific cut off point, a number of realistic proxy indicators can be used to monitor food insecurity at different levels and with respect to different social-cultural settings. An example of these proxy indicators is “percentage of the population who are unable to get 2 meals a day and 3 meals for children “. This will identify the population that is deprived of food. Unfortunately, information/data on household food security in the Project area is not easy to get. Many pastoral households have very low incomes and low expenditure levels. In 2012, for example, the expenditure levels of a typical pastoral household (six people) were estimated to be Tsh. 325,000 per year (about US$ 98.5 per person, source MDP). General experience shows that most Maasai households are very food insecure with the situation becoming worse in the dry season. Most families have neither habits of food saving nor food storage facilities. There are no processing plants for the livestock products such as milk, thus producers are obliged to sell at a very low price during wet season when production is high. Limited alternative sources of income in the pastoral areas are another factor contributing to insecure livelihoods in the Maasai community. Animal deaths, as a result of prevalent animal diseases, have led to a decreasing trend in the number of animals. This, in a way, increases the vulnerability of the households in as far as food security is concerned. It also puts the future inheritance of most youths in a threat manifested by vast youth urban migrations in search for other ways to sustain their living. Besides animal diseases, drought is said to be another factor contributing to food insecurity in most pastoral households. For example, about 60% of the surveyed households were seriously affected by drought during the 2009/2010 seasons. The Pastoral communities employ a number of strategies to cope with situations of food shortages. These include: • Making adjustments to the livelihood systems by changing from pure pastoralism to agropastoralism, hence reducing over-dependency on livestock as sole means of their living. However, being less experienced in agricultural farming, the Maasai need training on proper crop production practices. • Male migration to urban areas to look for employment. Part of the money gained is sent to the women for family use. Know women / female youths are also migrating to towns to look for paid labor. The recent survey conducted by CORDS (2012) shows that out of the total 2,366 migrants from 25 villages, 306 were females. • Women join in small groups for income generating activities. Although they work in groups each member has individual gains from group activities. Some of the income generating activities include making and selling beads, milk, snuff,... 9 • Exchanging livestock and livestock products (mainly milk) with other food products especially cereals. Depending on the time of the year, the exchange ratios, of say milk: maize may vary greatly. Pastoralists have learned this and are buying/exchanging cereals with milk during harvesting time (when cereals are less expensive) and store. They however need training on proper use of pesticides to ensure longer storage. • Selling of labor for farm works (planting, weeding, harvesting,...) • The households with a large number of stocks lend it to those with few (or none) so as to reduce vulnerability of the poor families by sharing labor and food. • In times of serious drought when milk production is drastically reduced, the little milk is mixed with the blood drawn from the jugular vein of a live cow and given primarily to children and to the old and weak people. Like other social services, the health care is similarly poor in the three districts. The problem is exacerbated by the worsening dietary conditions of pastoralists created by the reduced resource base and lack of services in the livestock sector. It is reported that 70- 80% of the pastoralists, depend on starch-based food (particularity maize) as opposed to their traditional protein-rich milk and meat diet. The cumulative effect is a less healthy population with increased susceptibility to diseases. The common diseases include malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB, upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhea infections among children. The last two are a direct result of poor living conditions and a lack of social services. The table below shows some of the effects of poor nutrition on children: District Simanjiro Loongiito Same Severe underweight % of children Moderate underweight % under five of children under five 2 35.5 4 40 2 35.5 Source: UNDP report 2012.. It must be noted that actual figures are not available! Loongiito Development Programme (2013) indicates that malnutrition occurs mostly in children less than five years of age and expectant mothers. These happen to be the most vulnerable groups’ especially following drought when the protein diet is substituted in totality with maize flour. Reasons for malnutrition could be several. The two most important contributing factors are not enough food available per family member or a poor diet. Pastoral dietary habits of consuming milk and meat have drastically changed and replaced by cereals, mainly maize which have more starch and low protein content. More caloric intake of maize meals leads to low body resistance to diseases and therefore increased malnutrition and susceptibility to illness. ‘The quality of the diet and amount of food consumed varies according to the year and season. In good years from January to August the basic diet is milk and stiff porridge for adults who eat twice a day. Children eat three times a day mainly milk and porridge. The worse periods when food becomes scarcer are in the months of September to December (Loongiito district). It is estimated that presently 1.8 million Tanzanians aged 15 and above are infected with HI V/AIDS, representing 11% of the adult population. Most alarming is that 62% of the infected people are females. Girls and women are much more vulnerable to the disease than men because of higher exposure to poverty, sexual abuse and prostitution (source: UNlP/UNICEF, 2011/2012). There is no specific data available for Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same districts. 10 Enrolment rate of the school-age population in Loongiito district is 52% lower than the national average, but there are also great differences in enrolment when rural and urban population is compared. According to the Monduli/Loongiito Development Programme, only 30% of school-age children go the school in rural areas as compared to 70% in urban areas. (Source: Planning for a better environment in Monduli/Loongiito district, 2012). In Simanjiro enrolment rates are even worse. Only 22% of school-age children are in school (source: Simanjiro District Council report, 2012). Same district ranked to lowest among the districts of Kilimanjaro Region and lowest in the entire country of Tanzania: 19% enrolment rate (source: Kilimanjaro Regional dev. Report, 2011). Many pastoralists still do not see the value of education for their children. For example, they take their sons out of school to herd cattle and girls are taken out of school in order to be married. The recent PNA study conducted with three women groups in Loongiito district shows high rates of illiteracy among the Maasai women. From the sampled groups, about 73% of the women could neither read nor write. 5% of the members managed to reach between standard IV and V while 22% completed standard VII of Primary education. Children in pastoralists’ villages have few role models, showing them the value of being educated. Similarly, there are few teachers who are Maasai-speaking. Schools are poorly equipped and staffed so the standard of education is very low Parents are discouraged when children in standard 4 or 5 still cannot read or write. They see no value in keeping them in school. Access to clean and safe water is still a big problem in the pastoral communities. Only 10% of the population in Same have access to clean and safe water. In Simanjiro, it is 8% while in Loongiito it is 30%. 3.3 Pastoralism in Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro districts. The pastoral and agro-pastoral populations form 60% and 45% of the Masaai districts population (Arusha Regional dev. Committee report, 2012), thus making livestock keeping a very important economic activity for both household and district economies. Despite this important contribution of the livestock sector to the district economy, pastoralists remain marginalized forming the most vulnerable group of the Tanzanian community. For years, livestock has been used as a good buffer against drought and diseases. However, according to the Simanjiro District Council study of 2012. There has been a general decrease in average herd size while the number of small stock has been increasing. According to pastoral economy, this is an indication of the increased levels of poverty and vulnerability. Factors contributing to decreasing number of livestock include diseases such as trypanosomiasis, tick borne diseases (e.g. East Coast Fever), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD), etc. Disease problems increased more following the withdraw of the government from providing livestock extension services and VETERINARY SERVICES. Since livestock keeping in the Maasai society is more like a traditional heritage, those without livestock are looked at as not fully belonging to their society. This is one of the reasons for the vast youth migrations to towns since most of them don’t own livestock. There has been a general trend of the pastoralists moving to the drier marginalized land as crop farming keeps expanding thus occupying the more favorable lands. The harsh living conditions in these marginalized areas coupled with the fact that women and youths have no control over livestock (main family resource), forces most youths to look for other ways of sustaining their living. The result of this is the vast movement of the needed workforce of 11 young men from rural areas to towns looking for wage labor. As a consequence, women, the old and younger ones are left behind. This puts a big workload on women who are left to look after the family. Despite the big role for Women to take care of the family, they have very limited control over resources. Where would they get the needed means to sustain their families? The significant role played by livestock in the three districts should not be underestimated. The pastoralists in the districts of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro regard livestock keeping as their tradition, culture, heritage and their main source of livelihoods. It is an activity on which they have a good knowledge and skills. Livestock provides milk, meat and blood. Livestock can also be exchanged or sold to obtain cash to buy food supplements as well as providing cash for meeting other essential household needs such as medication, paying school fees Also, livestock are used for traditional ceremonies and as a symbol for wealth. The levy one pays when selling animals or animal products (milk, hides and skin) contributes to the District economy. Although there are no recent official data on livestock census since the last National livestock census of 2004, the table below gives projected number of livestock in the three districts based on the growth rates of 2.7%, 2.2%, 2.0% and 2.7% for cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys respectively. Livestock population estimates in the three Districts of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro. Name Loongiito Simanjiro Same Cattle 472869 488200 176173 Goats 316648 249097 133000 Sheep 218648 150956 57000 Donkeys 33146 40000 8478 In some places due to outside pressures and reduction of their resource base, increasing number of pastoralists are turning into agro-pastoralists whereby besides livestock keeping, they also practice subsistence agriculture as a supplementary line of production. However, traditionally Maasai are not crop cultivators, they use very crude ways of crop production and the harvests, if any, are remarkably low. Food saving is not practiced in most pastoral areas. Due to economic hardships, most of the food crops find their way to the market to get money to meet other household needs. This results in food shortages shortly after harvesting. Furthermore, there are no sufficient market outlets for the livestock products that could otherwise be exchanged for cereals to improve the household food security. The absence of land security has led the pastoralist being increasingly squeezed into areas that are non-viable for pastoral land use. Without land security Pastoralists are reluctant to make necessary investments in their land to make it more sustainable. Some deliberate efforts are therefore needed to put proper land use plan in place. Orkonerei-Institute has been working on issues related to land rights in the districts of Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same. In focusing on land use issues, this project shall therefore build-on the experience already gathered by Orkonerei-Institute in the three districts. 5. Project Objectives and Duration. The Project aims at Advancing Pastoralists social & economic development through the following objectives: 12 -To improve livestock health and production. - To build and improve sustainable leadership and local governance. -To promote market outlets for livestock products. -To increase community awareness on gender equality to reduce workload on women. -To promote establishment and strengthening of sustainable women and youth groups. - To empower local pastoral community through information on Community Radio Broadcasting. - To sustainably exploit beekeeping economic projects. - To build and improves the quality and accessibility of formal Education to Maasai youth and Children as well as Adult learning and Vocational training. -To address environmental conservation and sustainability exploitation of natural resources in Maasai land scape. Organizational Strategic Objectives: 1 Develop information and communication technological systems, that is accessible for advocacy, educational and community organizing and development. 2. Promote national awareness of pastoralism and initiate projects towards the diversification of pastoral economic systems. 3. Lobby government policies that support pastoral communities to transform their economic systems and livelihoods. 4. Establish integrated programs that address gender and organizational processes that facilitate equal gender relations. 5. Undertake an Organizational Development processes to bring Ilaramatak Lorkonerei values, systems, structures and leadership styles into alignment. 6. Develop strategic relationships to generate balanced local and international support for Orkonerei Institute work. Organizational Functional / Specific Objectives. 1. To promote national respect of pastoralism while sensitizing against poverty creating customs. 2. To strengthen educational investment in pastoral communities and develop a plan to effectively utilize existing human resources in the communities. 3. To analyze the impact of existing policies and culture on economic development of pastoralists. 4. To initiate projects that promotes diversification of pastoral economic systems. 5. To sensitize pastoral communities about the importance of health an equal gender relations, with a special focus on education for the girl child. 6. To diversify the communication technologies in use at Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement and establish a wide programming scope to reach all pastoralists areas. 7. To mainstream facilitative systems and structures towards more effective support for Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement’s advocacy work. 13 8. To strengthen conscious work with values and policies that promote accountability, participation and facilitative leadership at all levels. 9. To promote and provide public awareness in the field of environmental conservation, Community rights and Management of Natural Resources. Project Duration: The project will be implemented for the duration of five years starting from the date of funding availability within the first half of 2015. There will quarterly financial and progress reporting and end of year annual reporting and in accordance to compliance with partners requirement. We plan to have a mid-term project internal evaluation so as to learn from the experiences of half term implementation and a final end of the project external evaluation to inform us of successes and failures in implementing this project. 6.Project description. Implementation strategy In order to realize the desired outputs and objectives reference will be made to the planning Log-frames for easy monitoring. The implementing partner has planned sets of activities, and the following strategy to ensure smooth running of the planned activities was agreed upon: • Participation of the local communities in project planning, implementation, monitoring and evaluation • Sourcing-out/contracting or tendering some activities for example: construction and rehabilitation activities, literacy classes and market surveys to specialized firms and agencies • Orkonerei Institute has already started with the Districts (Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same) in running specific activities • Collaboration with the Districts authorities as a means of getting extension and community officers from relevant departments • Making use of the village governments, and Ward development committees, for provision of labour and locally available needed materials • Using a system of cost sharing/user charges for project service delivery from the respective communities in the project areas • Formation of different committees to supervise different project activities in their villages • Separate Bank accounts will be opened for activities which have revolving funds • The use of other programs to support the project, for example the Radio Station of Institute to mobilize pastoral communities on different development issues. • Collaboration with other actors in the target communities so as to complement each other’s’ activities and avoid duplication of efforts. • Regular project implementation progress reports will be shared quarterly with different partners, to donors and the government of Tanzania. Expected Results (outputs). 14 The following results are expected in the selected villages at the end of the project: • Improved livestock production and added value for livestock products. • Improved water supply and range resources for livestock. • Improved livestock health services. • Improved use of locally available inputs. • Promoted application of sustainable environmental conservation techniques in beekeeping and general environmental conservation in Maasailand. • Improved market for livestock products. • Established strong women and youth groups. • Increased profitability of women and youth economic activities. • Sensitized community on gender issues. . Improved quality of formal education of pastoral Children and adult Learning. • Developed capacity of Orkonerei Institute. Description of the planned main activities per result to be executed by the Orkonerei-Institute is given hereunder: More than 50% of households include poor and poorest families without any productive activity for their living. Result 1. Improve Livelihood Security of Maasai Households. Activity.1.1. Restoration of Traditional Mutual Assistance (Ewoloto). Activity 1.1.1 Restoration of traditional mutual assistance (Ewoloto). Orkonerei Institute through its Community economic development in livestock development programme intends to initiate a restocking activity in which destitute pastoral households will be enabled to re- enters into the pastoral economy. Livestock keeping is an activity in which pastoralists in target areas are most knowledgeable and they are skilled in it. Restocking is the most appropriate way of reducing poverty among pastoralists. It is further an economic activity, which is ecologically viable and socially restores the status of the destitute. In the districts of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro a total number of 18 villages with 360 selected households i.e. Twenty households from each village will be restocked. The selected households are only part of the poorest of the poor families in those areas, and to start with, 120 poor pastoralists from Loongiito, 90 from Same, and 150 from Simanjiro will benefit from the restocking program. Each targeted household will be given 5 heifers and 10 females of small stock by the project on half-loan basis. In a period of 5 years a cow will have at least 3 offspring, and at the end of the project the pastoralist will have 15 offspring so 20 cattle in five years and if he pays back the half -loan (3 cattle) he will remain with 17 which will make him capable of re-entering into the pastoral economic system. 15 The off-spring which will be given back to the organization by the pastoralist on yearly basis will be given to another household, and if the offspring happened to be bulls consecutively in a period of five years, then the owner has to contribute two bulls to the project. As for small stock, one will have 3 offspring in two years’ time, so in five years it will have at least 7 offspring. Ten (10) small stock will therefore be given to each poor pastoralist household and at the end of the 5 years, each household will have 80 small stock, and if pays back the loan the household will remain with 70 small stock at the end of the project. This number will enable the poor pastoralist to re-enter into the pastoral economy. The exercise will continue even after the phasing out of the project. Activity 2. Enhanced local breeds through crossbreeding. Activity 2.1 Establish a Community Ranch for Improved Bulls in ORMOTI Plain. The aim of establishing a Community ranch for improved bulls is to improve the local breeds so as to increase the quality and quantity of livestock and its products. The project will buy the .one bull is expected to serve 25 heifers per annum and therefore 100 heifers would have been served annually in each district. Anybody in the village with the heifer on heat and who need the service must contribute a small amount that will be agreed by villagers in order to help maintaining the bulls. It is very important for the community to introduce improved bull into their herds because a big part of their indigenous breed cattle (Zebu) have a low level of production. These breeds have low genetic potential and therefore of low productivity. However they are very hard and resistant to various environmental factors such as diseases. If crossed with improved or exotic breads, it offspring inherits some of the important characteristics which will allow it to survive different kinds of climatically charges. As for the introduction of improved bulls in the targeted villages within the project area, this will be successful because: • The breeds of bulls to be introduced are not pure breeds but are ‘improved ones’ (crosses) e.g. Mpwapwa, Borani, and Sahiwal breeds. • They have been reported as doing well economically. • Before introducing them proper preparation need to be done. The necessary facilities will have been prepared before the arrival of the improved bulls; such will include water, a dip, a veterinary centre, crush, a kraal and pasture. The veterinary centres will be working. • Appropriate breeds will be selected according to records from the sellers. • The records will show type, qualities, characteristics and production levels and adaptability to the new environment. • Ideal breeds will include those of Mpwapwa, Borani and Sahiwal. They are improved Zebu breeds. • Mpwapwa breed was bred in dry area of Tanzania and Kiteto District (one of the project areas) five livestock keepers have acquired this breed and its offspring are doing well. 16 • Borani and Sahiwal have successfully been introduced in the Loongiito district (another area of the projects intervention) and to date they are reported to perform well. • These breeds are also used in Maasai areas of Kenya successfully. • Along the Tanzania - Kenya boarder good crosses of the local Zebu and Sahiwal have been achieved. • Before bringing these improved bulls, they will be immunized against East Coast Fever (Tick borne diseases) and CBPP (contagious Bovine Pleural Pneumonia). Activity 2.2 Artificial insemination as a second means for crossbreeding. Activity3. Improved availability, accessibility and management of water supplies for human and livestock. Activity 3.1. Boreholes Rehabilitation The intervention by the Institute in relation to drilling of 10 to 12 new water Boreholes is in the Districts of Simanjiro and Loongiito by year five of the project. The intervention will be in the villages of Terrat, Oloswaki, Engonongoi, Nado-Ilchukin, Komolo,Namba tano, Sukuro, Narok-awo, Emboreet and Kimotorok. The villages are ready to contribute partly and in order to ensure that there will be a sustainable way of maintaining water availability in the villages, there will be started water revolving funds in every village within the project area. These funds will be collected from contributions from water user’s pastoralists themselves. The funds will be used to maintain water facilities in case of any damage. Activity 4. Animal health’s and Production improved and sustained. Activity 4.1 Rehabilitation and construction of livestock facilities. It is proposed that the project will rehabilitate livestock facilities that are dire need of repairs such as earth dams and boreholes. Also, new facilities need to be built in areas where there were none before. As many pastoralists’ communities do not have the expertise to undertake such construction works on their own, specific jobs will be contracted out to specialized agencies and firms for implementation. In the case of dipping, high costs of acaricide prevent livestock keepers from using it. Livestock drugs are also very expensive and in some cases they are spoiled by the time they reach pastoralists because of poor handling. The project will reduce costs of such drugs if bought and brought to livestock keepers at market prices without adding transport charges from Arusha to specific pastoralist villages. As livestock is the lifeline of the livelihoods of the residents of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro Districts investment in the sector is a felt need of the people. It is expected that rehabilitation of existing and building few new livestock service facilities in the target areas will improve and reduce disease incidences, reduce livestock losses, improve animal health and increase productivity. All these will in turn enhance food security; reduce levels of vulnerability and poverty among pastoralists. Such gains will contribute towards enhancing security of livelihoods for the pastoral communities in the target areas. 17 Activity 4.2. Rehabilitation/construction of Veterinary Centers. It is proposed to rehabilitate existing veterinary centers in the target areas and build two new ones. These centers serve as sources for supplying veterinary medicines and provide timely information especially when reporting outbreaks of cattle diseases, which need prompt attention. In Orkesumet and Oloibor-serit villages in Simanjiro district it is propose to build new veterinary centers. This will be fully stocked with essential veterinary medicines and it will provide services to other neighbouring villages like Narok –Soito, Endoinyo Engijape, Olkirung rung, Ilkujit and Lolmorijei as well as Narok-awo, Kimotorok villages in Emboreet divisin. These centers will serve a total of about 57,831 livestock. The project will also use the centers to conduct trainings to various stakeholders like pastoralists, farmers and others. In Same District, it is proposed to rehabilitate the existing Muungano veterinary center and build a new one in Emugur Same. These two centers in Same district will serve the villages of Muungano, Marwa, Meserani, Emugur and Njoro villages in Ruvu ward, and Kisiwani veterinary center for Kisiwani and Kamadufa and Njiro villages in Kisiwani ward. Drugs and veterinary equipment will be furnished at these centers for the first time as the start capital and subsequent costs will be covered from the revolving fund. The proposed project will focus on Terrat and Emboreet divisions’ areas in which there is no organization that is involved in livestock development. It is therefore proposed to rehabilitate existing veterinary center at Terat and this will serve the villages of Terrat, Oloswaki, Komolo, Oiborkishu, Emboreet, Loiborsiret, Narakauwo, Kimotorok and Sukuro villages which have a total of 158,816 livestock. Activity 4.3. Training and equipping Livestock extension staff. Due to poor and unavailability of extension services in the villages brought about by few extension workers in the district, Orkonerei Institute proposes to have extension staff from each ward be trained and equipped. The government extension workers will be responsible to conduct regular trainings and giving advice to Para-vets and pastoralists according to directed government livestock policies. They will therefore be a link between the pastoral communities and the project staff in executing planned activities. In Loongiitoo,Namanga, Engarenaibor wards each will provide 4 staff to be trained for the district of Loongiito. Simanjiro district will have 12 staff trained in the Terrat, Komolo and Emboreet wards therefore 12 extension staff will be trained by the programme from the three districts. The project will also train Para-veterinary workers who are villagers willing to be taught to assist herders to handle activities previously done by retrenched government extension staffs. Paravets will be trained on how to identify and report incidences of livestock diseases to higher livestock Authorities for prompt attention, to identify and treat mild livestock infections and to be a link between extension staff and the livestock keepers, also to advise pastoralists on improved livestock practices. In Loongiito District, the number is 15 (7 male and 8 females); this is from 5 villages, which proposed to have such trained Para-vets. In Same District, the total number is 8 (5males and 3 females) selected from 6 villages and in Simanjiro district the number is 12 (8 males and 4 females). 18 Activity 5. Improved markets for livestock products. Activity 5.1 Formation of specific groups for livestock products. In order to access markets for livestock and livestock products, profitable existing women and youth groups will be strengthened and new groups will be formed and established . These groups will be trained in marketing skills so that they serve as linkages between livestock keepers and markets. They will buy and sell livestock and livestock products. Women groups from the villages of Matale A., Engikaret, Mundarara, Laaltarai, Oltepesi and Ewor-endeke in Loongiito district expressed the interest of doing this as a business to deal-with buying and reselling of milk together with its by-products. Requirements will be a small milk store, a milk-separating hand operating machine, and milk test kit and milk utensils; also they will need a start-up capital to top up to their individual group contribution. In Same, women from the villages of Njoro, Emugur, Muungano Marwa and Lesirwai are very much interested to form groups, but the only centers which was proposed to start the project are in Muungano and Emugur villages. In Simanjiro district the groups will be in Terrat, Oloswaki, Engonongoi, Nado-Ilchukin, Sukuro, Emboreet , Orkesumet, Endoinyo engijape, Olkirung’rung’and ilkujit villages and the requirements for the groups are the same as those of group in Loongiito district. Youth groups will be responsible for collection, processing and sale of hides and skins. Each district in the project area will have six youth groups. These groups will be dealing with buying and selling Hides and skins and they will need small huts and Hide drying shades. They will also need some capital to enable them to start their business; however each group indicated they were going to contribute money towards working capital for such activities. Result 2. Improved the Quality of Education in Pastoral areas. Education Program among other IOPA programs will have two main sub-programs such are Aflatoun and CRISIP in 11 schools. Aflatoun (Child social and financial education) program will be working in 9 primary schools. Aflatoun Program enhancing children Social and financial education to become good entrepreneurs for self-sustainability in future. Activity 1.Aflatoun program Objectives The objectives of implementing child social and financial education by its very definition goes beyond educating children on savings and personal finance, but rather also incorporates social issues such as emotional maturity, assertiveness and involvement in community as well as national development agenda particularly on issues that affects children’s rights. The key actors in this regards are parents, teachers, community based organization and children themselves. Aflatoun main activities: Game and sport clubs Planting of fruits trees Visiting of sick people in hospitals and encourage them 19 Making of different art-works Flowers & vegetable gardens Children parliament- this will build confidence for children to advocate of their rights in school and outside of the school. Vegetables gardens Hens and goats/shorts projects as well as social activities done by children themselves in their communities. Activity 2.Child Rights & School Improvement Plans/ Program (CiRSIP). Child Rights and School Improvement Plans is a framework to address comprehensively the issues of children’s right to quality and relevant education: children, parents, local leaders and others stakeholders at community level participate in school leadership and governance, the accountability of teachers, schools and education system for children and their communities. CRISIP aims at making schools better places for learning. This depends upon changes at the school level and within classrooms but since school are institutions that are part of a system that determines their organisation and functioning, any initiative to improve schools must focus on individual schools communities around the schools as well as on the education systems. Objectives of CRiSIP; To enable communities to make informed decisions, allowing them to fulfil their obligations towards their children quality education; To ensure that school committees have the required and needed knowledge and skills to develop and implement the CRiSIP plan; To ensure teachers and care givers receive high quality training and resources in support of their work; To give children and parents the opportunity to participate fully in their own school & communities; In order to promote CRiSIP as a way to guarantee quality education for all children; This programs has been very effective as it brings all education stakeholders ,like-minded organizations, communities together and encourage children participation in all stages. This program and sub-programs can be strengthened by provision of more training, exchange visit for experience sharing, and advocacy to put Aflatoun program in Tanzania educational syllabus. As well as availability of required and enough financial & Technical support. ideas in supporting children and their learning is to have children parliament in each school where children can report about difficulties and successes facing them at different time in their life in schools, Child reporters- children being able to report any issue which hinder their rights of not accessing quality education in school or outside of school and report to the authorities. Establishment of right and health clubs in schools. These ideas have been in our thoughts but no enough resources to reach all schools in our working areas. 20 This program will cover 3 wards out of 16 wards currently existing in Longido District in Arusha region. There are 6 primary school with only one government and1 private secondary school. So far each school has one pre-primary school but in Longido which is the headquarters has about 5 ECD centres’ so this will improve in learning outcome as many children will be able to be enrolled at the early ages, avoid long school walking distance from home to school, it prepares children to avoid of language barriers when they join primary school. IOPA has been supporting primary and secondary education but due to the need of communities and the policy of the government, early childhood education is emphasized to help children to go to learning centers at their infant stage. This will helps them to improve their performance when they join primary schools and after completing school they will be able to read, count and write. IOPA discovered that there was a need to support early childhood education therefore the organization employed a coordinator who got various training or seminars about childhood education. Staff will be able to collaborate with experienced teachers who were solely childhood educators and have worked in the field for more than 10 years. IOPA will do trainings (teacher training, school management committee trainings, ECD caregiver training). In Some modules external trainers will be hired from the government education department. Others like child rights and responsibilities, child social and financial education will be carried by IOPA staffs that are qualified for this kind of trainings as some of them are professional teachers and holders in either Degree or Diploma in education issues. IOPA as the sister organization with about 14 other companies, IOPA create awareness to communities to provide support to their children as well as do advocacy to these other companies to support feeding program in school by providing milk, meat, from the processing factories and other related support. Most of the schools in Longido District are boarding school with a big number of children who need different kind of supports so normally we connect these schools through clusters committee with other good wishers to the Maasai communities. We also support children exchange learning visit to other children from different communities for learning purposes. IOPA has been offering the support to schools through cluster committees in our local working areas. The organization works with others collaboration, sharing of ideas and responsibilities. Others volunteer to fill the gaps if there is a need which cannot be acted upon by the organization. But due to the developed school improvement plans which was facilitated by IOPA we were able to list our stakeholders and their responsibilities as shown. Also the participants managed to identify different roles and responsibilities of each and every stakeholder in the implementation of this school improvement plan as follows: Students Working hard at school. Taking good care of school properties. Respecting all the school formalities. 21 Provision of reports to respective stakeholders. Understand their roles in realization of the right to quality education Teacher: Working hard in delivering quality education to students. To supervise and monitor all school properties. Provision of reports to different stakeholders about the school development. To give guidance and counselling to students in regards to quality education To work closely with school board and cluster in order to realize the right of children to quality education. School management committees. Receiving of reports from the school management. Supervise the implementation of school improvement plan. Provision of reports to different stakeholders. Provision of advice to teachers when need be. Work closely with village council, ward and district council. Cluster committee. Mobilization of resources which are beyond community reach. Facilitate linkages and networking of schools to different donors, investors and government education facilities. Monitoring and evaluation of school improvement plans. Manage funds from donors. Parents/guardians: Receiving of reports and participate in solving problems. Collaborate with teachers in provision of guidance and counselling to children. District education offices; Provision of directives to school management. Supervise curricular delivery at school. Monitor school development Oversee the implementation of government’s education policy. Provision of funds for school development. Permission for teachers to attend training facilitated by IOPA and ICS Provide policies and syllabus. Community: Receiving of reports from the village council and participate in the implementation of community development projects. ECD centers provision of trainings to teachers and support for teaching and learning materials. Provide land and support for local materials Protection of children and safeguard ECDC properties They also give time for meeting and trainings Form different committees when needed. NGO’s; Sharing of information Enhance efforts 22 Collaboration Funding school programs. IOPA enhances the role of families in supporting the development of children’s numeracy and literacy skills By raising the awareness of parents on importance of education to their children and support their children needs. Also to fabricate learning tools for their children like sticks and stoppers for to be able to counting in school and perform well in mathematics. Also after school hours children keep in good company with adults who know how to read and write. Unique approach, role, or gap that IOPA fills is the provision of necessary tools for learning like Braille papers to blind children, advocacy to others organization to sponsor children coming from the poor families, advocate for expelled girls from school due to early pregnancies to be allowed to continue with their studies, advocate against child abuse and neglect through radio program, face to face discussion, visit and communities meetings. Activity 3. Support and Strengthen Vocational Education & Training for the Maasai youth with the objective of creating jobs and self- employments. . Vocational education and Training will be provided to Maasai youth both boys and girls in the areas of Electrical engineering & Motor Mechanics; Information and Communication Technologies including Computer science; Social Media and Internet services; energy & Bio-gas technologies and Dairy processing. The trainings will take place and conducted in Terrat village in the Institute Centre, and in the Electricity & Energy production site for different duration ranging for courses of three month, six months, one courses and two years courses. Result 3. Improved and conserved Maasai land scape and sustainable exploitation of natural resources. Environmental Conservation: The Maasai landscape is changing dramatically and natural vegetation covers is disappearing at alarming rate. This reckless phenomenon is due to Charcoal making and clearing land for agriculture, other adverse environmental processes e.g. soil and wind erosion are taking place, huge gullies built up and the land is become drier and drier. The rains are shorter and erratic and when they come they are very destructive. Persisting droughts are getting longer and longer. 23 Environmental issues are now receiving attention it deserve from higher authorities especially after new government come into power by the end of year 2010. Water catchments protection, banning plastic bags and management of water resources is being strengthened and followed up. Village environmental committees in districts are becoming stronger and stronger and functioning efficiently with the support of the Institute. The villages of Terrat, Oloswaki, Komolo, Emboreet, Sukuro, Oiborkisshu, Alarakare, Naberera, Olibor-soit A, Narrok-awo, Kaangala and Oloibor-siret have very strong committees and have received training and supported by the Institute in enforcing environmental protective by-laws. The beekeeping and handcrafts projects are providing people with an income and harvested honey is being used locally for many purposes e.g. Direct consumption, treatment of wound and stomach problems as well as exchanged with livestock e.g. Goats, Cows and Donkeys and finally for Cultural purposes and sometime sold with cash. The commercial part of this project hasn’t yet materialized due to lack of packaging materials and facilities as well as lack of proper marketing system. Tanzanite mining in Mererani area is contributing somehow to pastoral family’s income in Simanjiro district for those who have engaged in mining activities especially the young generation. The mining knowledge provided to Community leaders by the Institute has enhanced greatly their understanding in different aspects of mining including the mining laws and environmental laws pertaining to mining and the entire mining business and mining transactions. However environmentally the mining activities are still very destructive and very little is being done by the government and individuals despite all the trainings over the Radio programming on safe mining and obligations to the environment. 24 Charcoal making in Njoro/Emugur village in Same district in Kilimanjaro region. The Institute will continues with its Radio Educational programs on Mining and its profitability as well as its adverse destructive side and design I collaboration with villages on mitigation approaches to safeguard, protect and conserve our environments. The following activities will be carried out; Activity 1. Prevention of Trees cutting & charcol making Activity 2. Support Villages land use plans Activity 3. Engage on Protection of water sources and natural springs Activity 4. Engage on Eco-Tourism and sustainable exploitaion of natural resources by villages Activity 5. Compaign against environmental destructive mining practises. Activity 6. Engage and support local beekeepers on Beekeeping & Honey production by providing them with modern beehives, haversiting technics as well as processing and packeging of raw honey. Lastly together with beekeepers identfies honey markets. 7. Monitoring & Evaluation. Monitoring and evaluation procedures Monitoring. Monitoring is structurally built in at result level. Although each step in the implementation of an activity involves an element of monitoring, in every quarter there will be an on-site visit by the Institute of the executed activities. This will allow direct monitoring and immediate action. Progress at project level is assessed and processes and Institute internal procedures. Starting point is the annual operational plan, which the Institute prepares every year on the month that the project starts. The annual progress report will include also the operational plan 25 for the next year. The quarterly planning and monitoring matrices as given below guide ongoing implementation of activities. These matrices enable the self-evaluation of activities of the previous quarter. The plan for the next quarter is then based on the self-evaluation. The matrices are a simple but efficient planning and monitoring tool. They enable a flexible and forward- looking implementation of activities without losing track of the past. Evaluation. Via 2 evaluation activities the project’s efficiency, effectiveness and long-term impact will be assessed. After two and half years a mid-term evaluation is foreseen. The mid-term evaluation will be the major reflection in which all stakeholders will participate. It will take the plans as its basis, analyse the achievements and come to formulation of the necessary corrections. At the end of the project a final evaluation will be held. The objectives of this independent evaluation will be to analyse achieved results of the intervention, assess its impact, draw lessons and identify good practices for grassroots poverty eradication in pastoral areas of Tanzania. The Institute together Addax & Orxy Foundation will define terms of reference of the evaluation and choose the external evaluators. Major inputs in the evaluation will be the annual measurement of the indicators of the Log-frame of the project and the baseline survey in the first year using PRA tools and a survey among the beneficiaries. 8. Implementation timeline/Schedule. This project is of duration of five years starting the first half of 2015 upon on availability of financial resources. There will be quarterly financial and progress reporting, and end of the year annual reporting. There will be a half –term mid evaluation that will inform on the project successes and failures and re-planning. End of year five an external evaluation be carried out to measures performance and successes and failures of the entire program. 9. Project Budget .(Five years Estimates). 1.Livelihoods Program. A. Community Ranching (Animal health, Crossbreeding & Livestock Production ).. i. Buying of Bulls, heifers, Goats, sheep of new breeds……………………….$25,500 ii. Introduction of Zero grazing & Husbandary costs…………………………..$15,980 iv. Veterinary Supplies & Tsetse flies eradication..……………………………$15,970 v. Additional feeding supply……………………………………………….…...$ 7,465 vi. Traditional mutual assistance (Ewoloto) to destitute families………….…...$23,050 vii) Establishment of new veterinary center……………………………………$24,400 Subtotal……………………………………….$115,365/= 26 B. Water Supply & Mnagaement. i. Drillinng of new boreholes in villages 2 per year and distribution outlets…………………………………………….…………………………..$72,650 ii. Management, maintanace and repair of water systems…………………...$16,750 iii.Training & Facilitation to local villages water commitees………….……$ 9,560 iv. Livelihood Program staff salaries…..…………………………………… $26,600 Subtotal……………………………………...$125,560/2. Formal Education & Vocational Training Program. i. Aflatoun sub-program(Child financial savings & Education…………….$16,750 ii. Child Rights and School Improvement plans/program……………….....$47,580 iii. Educational workshops & Training to teachers & school commitees….$16,850 iv.Exchange visits & Experience sharing…………………………………..$ 12,500 v. Program Staff salaries……………………………………………………$22,200 Subtotal…………………………………….$115,880/3. Environmental Conservation & Natural resources Management. i.Tree Planting & Prevention of Trees cutting & charcol making….………$ 16,550 ii. Support Villages land use plans…………………………………………$ 18,500 iii. Protection of water sources and natural springs………………………...$ 14,200 iv. Eco-Tourism and sustainable exploitaion of natural resources…………$ 15,600 v. Compaign against environmental destructive mining practises…………$ 8,800 vi. Beekeeping & Honey production……………………………………….$16,500 vii. Program Staff Salaries………………………………………………….$25,500 Subtotal……………………………………$115,650/4. General Administration & Finance Department ( 20% of the Programs costs) i. Monitoring & Evaluation………………………………………………..$ 11,793 ii. Auditing & Consltation fees…………………………………………….$ 7,500 iii. Vehicles Maintance & Repair………………………………………..…$ 24,500 iv. Governmental fees & Taxation………………………………………….$ 15,000 v. Organizational Meeting & Governance………………………………….$ 9,450 vi. Office supplies, maintenance and Repair..……………………………..$ 6,350 vi.Admin Staff Salaries…………………………………………..……..….$ 23,418 Subtotal………………………………..……$98,011/- Grand Total ………………………….$ 570,466/- 27 A yearly detailed programs plans and budgets will be submitted on yearly basis to supporting donors/foundations, including yearly progress and financial reporting to support funds requests. 10. Appendixes(where relevant. Apart from the supporting documents bellow any other required information will be provided upon instructed by any supporting partner. 28 29 30