Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement
(IOPA)
IOPA HEADQUATERS IN TERRAT VILLAGE, MANYARA TANZANIA
July, 2015.
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IOPA PROJECT PROPOSAL, MARCH 2015:
1.Project Title and Country.
“Poverty reduction through social & economic empowerment/transformation of the Pastoral
Communities in Maasai-land of Northern Tanzania”
Terrat, Simanjiro - Manyara
Tanzania.
2.Summary (1page maximum).
Project Identification.
In order to come to the Objectives, expected outputs and activities, a study was carried out,
each by the Institute through a Participatory Needs Assessment (PNA) study in the village of
Terrat and with the three Women groups in Simanjiro district to assess women economic
activities, existing bottlenecks and areas for possible future improvements.
In the strategic planning workshop, analysis of problems, objectives and alternative strategies
were made.
A feasibility study in Same district was conducted after the workshop at detailing gender
specific issues, analysis of the household food economy of the Maasai people and assessing
ways for possible collaboration with other stakeholders within the districts. Also, the study
took into account the complex socio-economic structure of the Project area with conflicting
land-use practices and attractive outside market (including the neighbouring Country) for
food crops. These factors, in one way or the other, contribute negatively to the household
food security.
General Objective.
The Overall objective of the Project is “To contribute towards poverty reduction among the
marginalized group of the pastoral men and women in Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same
districts in Arusha, Kilimanjaro and Manyara regions”.
This Project aim at covering the main area of pastoral Community economic development in
order to strive towards improving the household economic and food security through the
following sections.
i)
Pastoral Community Social-Economic development through Livestock sector
development.
ii) Women and youth socio-economic empowerment.
iii) Improve the Quality & Accessibility of Formal educational to Maasai children.
iv) Empowering local pastoral Communities through information and Community
Broadcasting.
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v) Environmental Conservation and sustainable exploitation of natural resources.
During the participatory planning sessions a number of ways for reducing poverty among the
Maasai communities were proposed. Some of the proposed measures include improving
livestock production, improving sustainable household production, promoting market outlets
for livestock products as well as leadership empowerment and Community rights. Also, it
was pointed out that promoting establishment and strengthening of sustainable Women
groups and linking them to sources of capital such as Credit facilities could improve women’s
and youth contribution in the household income.
Specific Objectives.
Specific Objectives for this Project have been formulated based on the different strategies
focusing on two main areas. First focus is on the development of the Livestock sector and
improvement of sustainable crop production. This emerged as an important intervention area
because livestock keeping and crop farming are important economic sectors of the Maasai
communities. Orkonerei Institute will collaborate with the pastoral Maasai partners and all
other stakeholders in the selected villages of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro districts to
improve livestock services in terms of quality and quantity so as to contribute towards
poverty reduction and improvement of the livelihoods and the living standards of the poor
pastoral Maasai in the target areas.
Secondly, the Project will focus on the Women and youth economic empowerment. The
empowerment of women and youth is seen as a critical factor in the eradication of poverty
because they are the ones who bear disproportionate burden attempting to manage household
consumption and production under conditions of increasing scarcity. Ilaramatak LorkonereiInstitute will complement efforts of other stakeholders (and development actors) in the target
areas that, in one way or the other, play a role in empowering women economically. Thirdly
empowerment of Communities through leadership training, Community Rights approaches
and Community media is a strategic and very potential tool.
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3.Brief History of the Organization.
P.O.Box 12785 Arusha Tanzania,
Tel: +255 784 712 961, | +255 769 712 961, | +255 754 858670;
E-mail Addresses: martin.kariongi@gmail.com/ martinkariongi@yahoo.com /
ilaramatak@yahoo.com
Website: www.orkonerei .or.tz
Twitter.com/Orkonerei
www.facebook.com/Orkonerei?ref=hl
SUMMARY:
Organization: Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement (IOPA)
Year founded: 1993
Country: Tanzania
Website: www.orkonerei.or.tz
IOPA is a hybrid social organization that operates in Northern Tanzania to facilitate,
promote, direct and shape the social and economic transition of pastoral peoples from
subsistence economy to a long term sustainable economy.
Focus: Education, Agriculture, Social -Economic Development.
Geographic Area of Impact: Northern Tanzania.
Model: Leveraged Non-Profit
Number of Direct Beneficiaries: 46,789 (2013).
Annual Budget: USD $ 156400/= (2014)
Percentage Earned Revenue: 37% (2014)
Background.
Covering much of northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, the Maasai people live in villages
of 180 or 260 families totalling between 850,000 to 1,240,000 people. Most of them lack
access to formal schooling, healthcare, and other basic services. The majority are pastoralists
they herd sheep, goats and cattle. Like some other tribal groups in East Africa and many
around the world, the Maasai are seen and treated by many of their non-Maasai neighbours as
less than human or as primitive societies. Their perceived primitivism has exposed them to
oppressive actions on the parts of governments and religious groups that have tried both to
force settlement and force the adoption of Western values and beliefs.
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Innovation and Activities.
To address the need for internal coordination and communication and at the same time gain
credibility with non-Maasai actors (including both the governments of Tanzania and Kenya
and various international rights groups) IOPA has engaged Maasai Communities in a
comprehensive social, political and economic empowerment program that improves and
builds sustainable and quality livelihoods for the Maasai people of Tanzania.
IOPA facilitates transformation and diversification of the economic system of the Maasai
through social business, social entrepreneurship and innovation - through radio programs,
roundtable discussion, and festivals, the Institute prepares a fertile ground for selfexamination and collective action. On the economic side, it also helps villages both diversify
the pastoral economics base and meet their needs in existing local market needs. Livestock
production, sector development and natural resources management are fundamental to this
economic empowerment of the Maasai people. IOPA has established social businesses
around each component of the Maasai production value chain, creating wealth and reducing
poverty in these pastoral rural communities.
The Institute also teaches the Maasai veterinary services and techniques and sensitizes them
about the use of both modern and traditional veterinary medicine. This has led to the creation
of four veterinary suppliers and three Veterinary Diagnostic/Investigative centres in
pastoralist areas. As a result of these vaccination campaigns, pastoralists have begun to use
modern treatments and methods of livestock management, allowing animals to live healthier,
longer, more productive lives. As a result they will produce more milk and meat products
both for local consumption and for the markets, that will enable the Maasai households to
stabilize and grow economically therefore reducing poverty amongst these pastoral
communities.
Core Values & Purpose of IOPA:
 Social & Economic empowerment of the Maasai Communities. (Unlock the Social &
economic strategic potentials of the Maasai people in livestock and Natural Resources)
 Awaken the entrepreneurship & Innovations among the Maasai Population.
 Environmental Conservation.
 Build and improves the quality of Education to Maasai Children & Adults learning.
Vision
Quality and advanced living standards of Pastoral Community both Social & Economically
and culturally in the 21st Century of the new millennium.
Mission Statement
IOPA aims at building and improving the standards of living of pastoral Maasai communities
of Northern Tanzania through social and Economic Advancement through Social business,
Social entrepreneurship & innovations by facilitating, Mobilizing and organizing
communities by providing and supporting Pastoral Education and training. Promote
Community Broadcasting, Livestock sector development, Natural Resource Management and
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Environmental Conservancy that entails protection of Community Economic Rights through
lobbying &Advocacy.
IOPA implementation strategy
While Maasai people share a common language and common traditions they are especially
vulnerable among tribal people in East Africa because they lack a system of central
governance. To address the need for internal coordination and communication on the one
hand, and gain credibility with non-Maasai actors (including both the governments of
Tanzania and Kenya and various international rights groups) on the other Maasi Communities
through their organization IOPA is engaged in a comprehensive Social- political and
economic empowerment program that improves and builds quality Sustainable Livelihoods
for the Maasai people of Tanzania.
Through radio programs, roundtable discussion, and festivals, the Institute prepares a fertile
ground for self-examination and collective action. The Institute sees that a stance of cultural
preservation to the exclusion of change not only leads to further discrimination, isolation, and
economic impossibility, but also contradicts one of main objectives: to protect the rights of
these traditional indigenous people of Eastern Africa.
IOPA facilitates transformation and diversification of the economic system of the Maasai
through social business, Social entrepreneurship and innovations, it also helps villages both
diversify the pastoral economics base and meet their needs and existing local market needs.
Livestock production and sector development and Natural Resources Management are key to
this economic empowerment of the Maasai peoples. The Institute teaches Maasai veterinary
services and techniques and sensitizes them about the use of both modern and traditional
veterinary medicine and has set up four veterinary suppliers and three Veterinary
Diagnostic/Investigative centers in pastoralist areas. This leads to having healthy animals
with high productivity that caters for local and market’s needs.
IOPA in collaboration with international Foundation and NGOs has established and initiated
Social businesses around each value chain of the Maasai produces and natural resources that
emanate from their natural environments and creates economic opportunities & ventures for
wealth creation and poverty reduction in these Pastoral rural Communities.
4.Brief description of the Situation.
General situation Maasai Pastoralists in Tanzania.
Covering much of northern Tanzania and southern Kenya, the Maasai live in villages of 80 or
130 families totaling between 850,000 and 1,240,000 people. Most lack access to formal
schooling, healthcare, and other basic services. They are pastoralists—they herd goats and
cattle. The latter provide milk and blood for daily sustenance and hold a sacred place in the
minds and beliefs of the people. Cows are power and status; they are the unit of currency, and
they can be traded for goods, and for wives. Their semi nomadic way of life further
complicates the way forward as they do not own land individually or privately but
communally and need a lot of it for their herds.
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Like some other tribal groups in East Africa and many around the world, the Maasai are seen
and treated by many of their non-Maasai neighbors as less than human or primitive societies.
Their perceived primitivism has exposed them to oppressive actions on the parts of
governments and religious groups that have tried both to force settlement and to force the
adoption of Western values and beliefs. In the late 1980s and early 1990s, the Tanzanian
Army set fire to villages and cattle and moved many Maasai into camps during socialism
(ujamaa) period and during establishment of many of the national parks within Maasai lands.
While such raids have ceased, discrimination continues. Maasai people are often denied
access to public transportation, hotels, and restaurants.
This long history of abuse and conflict has given rise to militancy among some Maasai and
contributed to the loss of pride and dignity among others. Neither response fosters healthy
citizen action.
For Maasai people, tradition is a source of cultural texture and richness; it also fuels
intertribal conflict and supports practices that violate the rights and health of some of its
members. For example, circumcision of teenagers both boys and girls is a central rite of
passage, but in the case of girls, it can result in death from blood loss or infection, or for those
who survive, in health and reproductive complications that last a lifetime. The Maasai are an
extraordinary pastoral group one faced with unique challenges in an increasingly culturally
integrated and globalize world.
Poverty in the National context
Tanzania is a poor country with about 50 percent of the estimated 46 million people living
below a US$ 1 a day. About 30 percent of the people live in abject poverty. While poverty is
mainly a rural phenomenon in Tanzania, it is also gaining prominence in urban areas.
Poverty, defined as “deprivation from resources (physical, economic, social, etc.) needed to
achieve a sustainable livelihood”, is widespread in Tanzania in spite of the abundance of land
and natural resources that are not fully exploited. Its causes and manifestations are multidimensional, including lack of income and productive resources to ensure a sustainable
livelihood; hunger and malnutrition, ill health, limited or lack of access to education and
other basic social services, high rates of morbidity and mortality, homelessness and
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inadequate housing, unsafe environment, social discrimination and exclusion and lack of
participation in decision making and civil, social and cultural life.
The Poverty Reduction and Growth Facilities (PRGF) outline the economic and financial
policies for the medium term. One of these policies focuses on improving the delivery
(quantity and quality) of education, health and water. Also, a focus is made on improving
production, productivity and quality in agriculture, which is the mainstay of the Tanzanian
economy. About 3.6 million farm households operating on average less than one hectare and
depending mainly on rain-fed agriculture, account for about 80 percent of employment, 50
percent of Gross Domestic Product and 75 percent of foreign exchange earnings. The
performance of Agriculture and Food security sector has not been impressive in recent years,
as evidenced by a low GDP, which has remained at 3.3% per year since 2010 (TAS,
consultation draft 1, 2011). The low performance of Agriculture and Food security sector has
been attributed by, among others, very poor infrastructure and lack of comprehensive market
information, dominance of low technology relying on hand hoe for the majority of small
holder farmers and poor transfer of knowledge from researchers to farmers and inadequate
access to extension services.
The Rural Development Strategy (RDS) and the Poverty Reduction Strategy Paper (PRSP)
are the most recent key strategic frameworks for poverty eradication and development
cooperation in rural Tanzania. They shortly profile the poverty situation and present key
constraints and priority needs.
Poverty is a complex process and multidimensional situation. In terms of income and
expenditures, the PRSP indicates that 57 % of the rural population in Tanzania has no
sufficient means to cater for their basic needs (poverty incidence). The poor are vulnerable to
adverse weather conditions (from drought to floods), environmental degradation and
unfavorable economic policies, which undermine their food and economic security. Large
households with many dependents (children, elders) are more likely to be poor. Also, women
are generally perceived to be poorer than men as they are more vulnerable because of limited
access and ownership of various assets and low level of schooling. The picture of social
development is equally distressing. Only 61 % of the rural population are literate and just 45
% have access to safe water. In 2010, about 43%, of children under 5 were found to be
stunted and 7 % were classified as wasted. Poverty is also about feelings of insecurity and
powerlessness to break out the cycle of poverty and cope with a fast changing environment.
In the RDS, PRSP and TASAF (Tanzania Social Action Fund), the central government is
devolving responsibilities for managing development to local governments. Collaboration
with development NGO’s and community organizations is part of this reform process.
Increasingly local NGO’s and community organizations create space for expressing priorities
in development. However, their capacity remains low and their outreach limited.
Poverty in Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro districts.
Livelihood insecurity is caused by poverty, which can be defined as a state of deprivation,
prohibitive of decent human life. It is a result of many other factors including lack of
productive resources to generate material wealth, illiteracy, prevalence of diseases,
discriminative socio-economic and political systems, natural calamities such a floods and
drought as well as man-made calamities such as wars. Poverty can be measured by the
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physical (both productive and none productive), social and human capital of the people.
Increasing these forms of capital will therefore lead to improved livelihood security.
Livelihood security, which is the opposite of the above, means that each individual, at every
time, and with respect to the future generations, has sufficient access to food (in quality and
quantity) and other basic needs (health care, education, housing, clothing,...) without losing
one’s dignity or to be forced to humiliate oneself in order to fulfill these needs
Food security is one of the indicators for monitoring poverty. It refers to a situation under
which an individual, household or community has access to an adequate supply of food
throughout the year. This situation is determined by the amount of available food in relation
to actual daily calorific requirement of the individual, household or community. Whereas
calorific intake requirement is the scientific cut off point, a number of realistic proxy
indicators can be used to monitor food insecurity at different levels and with respect to
different social-cultural settings. An example of these proxy indicators is “percentage of the
population who are unable to get 2 meals a day and 3 meals for children “. This will identify
the population that is deprived of food.
Unfortunately, information/data on household food security in the Project area is not easy to
get. Many pastoral households have very low incomes and low expenditure levels. In 2012,
for example, the expenditure levels of a typical pastoral household (six people) were
estimated to be Tsh. 325,000 per year (about US$ 98.5 per person, source MDP). General
experience shows that most Maasai households are very food insecure with the situation
becoming worse in the dry season. Most families have neither habits of food saving nor food
storage facilities. There are no processing plants for the livestock products such as milk, thus
producers are obliged to sell at a very low price during wet season when production is high.
Limited alternative sources of income in the pastoral areas are another factor contributing to
insecure livelihoods in the Maasai community. Animal deaths, as a result of prevalent animal
diseases, have led to a decreasing trend in the number of animals. This, in a way, increases
the vulnerability of the households in as far as food security is concerned. It also puts the
future inheritance of most youths in a threat manifested by vast youth urban migrations in
search for other ways to sustain their living. Besides animal diseases, drought is said to be
another factor contributing to food insecurity in most pastoral households. For example,
about 60% of the surveyed households were seriously affected by drought during the
2009/2010 seasons.
The Pastoral communities employ a number of strategies to cope with situations of food
shortages. These include:
• Making adjustments to the livelihood systems by changing from pure pastoralism to agropastoralism, hence reducing over-dependency on livestock as sole means of their living.
However, being less experienced in agricultural farming, the Maasai need training on proper
crop production practices.
• Male migration to urban areas to look for employment. Part of the money gained is sent to
the women for family use. Know women / female youths are also migrating to towns to look
for paid labor. The recent survey conducted by CORDS (2012) shows that out of the total
2,366 migrants from 25 villages, 306 were females.
• Women join in small groups for income generating activities. Although they work in groups
each member has individual gains from group activities. Some of the income generating
activities include making and selling beads, milk, snuff,...
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• Exchanging livestock and livestock products (mainly milk) with other food products
especially cereals. Depending on the time of the year, the exchange ratios, of say milk: maize
may vary greatly. Pastoralists have learned this and are buying/exchanging cereals with milk
during harvesting time (when cereals are less expensive) and store. They however need
training on proper use of pesticides to ensure longer storage.
• Selling of labor for farm works (planting, weeding, harvesting,...)
• The households with a large number of stocks lend it to those with few (or none) so as to
reduce vulnerability of the poor families by sharing labor and food.
• In times of serious drought when milk production is drastically reduced, the little milk is
mixed with the blood drawn from the jugular vein of a live cow and given primarily to
children and to the old and weak people.
Like other social services, the health care is similarly poor in the three districts. The problem
is exacerbated by the worsening dietary conditions of pastoralists created by the reduced
resource base and lack of services in the livestock sector. It is reported that 70- 80% of the
pastoralists, depend on starch-based food (particularity maize) as opposed to their traditional
protein-rich milk and meat diet. The cumulative effect is a less healthy population with
increased susceptibility to diseases. The common diseases include malaria, HIV/AIDS, TB,
upper respiratory tract infections and diarrhea infections among children. The last two are a
direct result of poor living conditions and a lack of social services. The table below shows
some of the effects of poor nutrition on children:
District
Simanjiro
Loongiito
Same
Severe underweight % of children Moderate underweight %
under five
of children under five
2
35.5
4
40
2
35.5
Source: UNDP report 2012.. It must be noted that actual figures are not available!
Loongiito Development Programme (2013) indicates that malnutrition occurs mostly in
children less than five years of age and expectant mothers. These happen to be the most
vulnerable groups’ especially following drought when the protein diet is substituted in totality
with maize flour. Reasons for malnutrition could be several. The two most important
contributing factors are not enough food available per family member or a poor diet. Pastoral
dietary habits of consuming milk and meat have drastically changed and replaced by cereals,
mainly maize which have more starch and low protein content. More caloric intake of maize
meals leads to low body resistance to diseases and therefore increased malnutrition and
susceptibility to illness. ‘The quality of the diet and amount of food consumed varies
according to the year and season. In good years from January to August the basic diet is milk
and stiff porridge for adults who eat twice a day. Children eat three times a day mainly milk
and porridge. The worse periods when food becomes scarcer are in the months of September
to December (Loongiito district).
It is estimated that presently 1.8 million Tanzanians aged 15 and above are infected with HI
V/AIDS, representing 11% of the adult population. Most alarming is that 62% of the infected
people are females. Girls and women are much more vulnerable to the disease than men
because of higher exposure to poverty, sexual abuse and prostitution (source: UNlP/UNICEF,
2011/2012). There is no specific data available for Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same districts.
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Enrolment rate of the school-age population in Loongiito district is 52% lower than the
national average, but there are also great differences in enrolment when rural and urban
population is compared. According to the Monduli/Loongiito Development Programme, only
30% of school-age children go the school in rural areas as compared to 70% in urban areas.
(Source: Planning for a better environment in Monduli/Loongiito district, 2012).
In Simanjiro enrolment rates are even worse. Only 22% of school-age children are in school
(source: Simanjiro District Council report, 2012). Same district ranked to lowest among the
districts of Kilimanjaro Region and lowest in the entire country of Tanzania: 19% enrolment
rate (source: Kilimanjaro Regional dev. Report, 2011).
Many pastoralists still do not see the value of education for their children. For example, they
take their sons out of school to herd cattle and girls are taken out of school in order to be
married. The recent PNA study conducted with three women groups in Loongiito district
shows high rates of illiteracy among the Maasai women. From the sampled groups, about
73% of the women could neither read nor write. 5% of the members managed to reach
between standard IV and V while 22% completed standard VII of Primary education.
Children in pastoralists’ villages have few role models, showing them the value of being
educated. Similarly, there are few teachers who are Maasai-speaking.
Schools are poorly equipped and staffed so the standard of education is very low Parents are
discouraged when children in standard 4 or 5 still cannot read or write. They see no value in
keeping them in school. Access to clean and safe water is still a big problem in the pastoral
communities. Only 10% of the population in Same have access to clean and safe water. In
Simanjiro, it is 8% while in Loongiito it is 30%. 3.3 Pastoralism in Loongiito, Same and
Simanjiro districts. The pastoral and agro-pastoral populations form 60% and 45% of the
Masaai districts population (Arusha Regional dev. Committee report, 2012), thus making
livestock keeping a very important economic activity for both household and district
economies. Despite this important contribution of the livestock sector to the district economy,
pastoralists remain marginalized forming the most vulnerable group of the Tanzanian
community.
For years, livestock has been used as a good buffer against drought and diseases. However,
according to the Simanjiro District Council study of 2012. There has been a general decrease
in average herd size while the number of small stock has been increasing. According to
pastoral economy, this is an indication of the increased levels of poverty and vulnerability.
Factors contributing to decreasing number of livestock include diseases such as
trypanosomiasis, tick borne diseases (e.g. East Coast Fever), Foot and Mouth Disease (FMD),
etc. Disease problems increased more following the withdraw of the government from
providing livestock extension services and VETERINARY SERVICES.
Since livestock keeping in the Maasai society is more like a traditional heritage, those
without livestock are looked at as not fully belonging to their society. This is one of the
reasons for the vast youth migrations to towns since most of them don’t own livestock. There
has been a general trend of the pastoralists moving to the drier marginalized land as crop
farming keeps expanding thus occupying the more favorable lands. The harsh living
conditions in these marginalized areas coupled with the fact that women and youths have no
control over livestock (main family resource), forces most youths to look for other ways of
sustaining their living. The result of this is the vast movement of the needed workforce of
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young men from rural areas to towns looking for wage labor. As a consequence, women, the
old and younger ones are left behind. This puts a big workload on women who are left to look
after the family. Despite the big role for Women to take care of the family, they have very
limited control over resources. Where would they get the needed means to sustain their
families?
The significant role played by livestock in the three districts should not be underestimated.
The pastoralists in the districts of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro regard livestock keeping as
their tradition, culture, heritage and their main source of livelihoods. It is an activity on which
they have a good knowledge and skills. Livestock provides milk, meat and blood. Livestock
can also be exchanged or sold to obtain cash to buy food supplements as well as providing
cash for meeting other essential household needs such as medication, paying school fees
Also, livestock are used for traditional ceremonies and as a symbol for wealth. The levy one
pays when selling animals or animal products (milk, hides and skin) contributes to the
District economy.
Although there are no recent official data on livestock census since the last National livestock
census of 2004, the table below gives projected number of livestock in the three districts
based on the growth rates of 2.7%, 2.2%, 2.0% and 2.7% for cattle, goats, sheep and donkeys
respectively.
Livestock population estimates in the three Districts of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro.
Name
Loongiito
Simanjiro
Same
Cattle
472869
488200
176173
Goats
316648
249097
133000
Sheep
218648
150956
57000
Donkeys
33146
40000
8478
In some places due to outside pressures and reduction of their resource base, increasing
number of pastoralists are turning into agro-pastoralists whereby besides livestock keeping,
they also practice subsistence agriculture as a supplementary line of production. However,
traditionally Maasai are not crop cultivators, they use very crude ways of crop production and
the harvests, if any, are remarkably low. Food saving is not practiced in most pastoral areas.
Due to economic hardships, most of the food crops find their way to the market to get money
to meet other household needs. This results in food shortages shortly after harvesting.
Furthermore, there are no sufficient market outlets for the livestock products that could
otherwise be exchanged for cereals to improve the household food security.
The absence of land security has led the pastoralist being increasingly squeezed into areas
that are non-viable for pastoral land use. Without land security Pastoralists are reluctant to
make necessary investments in their land to make it more sustainable. Some deliberate efforts
are therefore needed to put proper land use plan in place. Orkonerei-Institute has been
working on issues related to land rights in the districts of Loongiito, Simanjiro and Same. In
focusing on land use issues, this project shall therefore build-on the experience already
gathered by Orkonerei-Institute in the three districts.
5. Project Objectives and Duration.
The Project aims at Advancing Pastoralists social & economic development through the
following objectives:
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-To improve livestock health and production.
- To build and improve sustainable leadership and local governance.
-To promote market outlets for livestock products.
-To increase community awareness on gender equality to reduce workload on women.
-To promote establishment and strengthening of sustainable women and youth groups.
- To empower local pastoral community through information on Community Radio
Broadcasting.
- To sustainably exploit beekeeping economic projects.
- To build and improves the quality and accessibility of formal Education to Maasai youth
and Children as well as Adult learning and Vocational training.
-To address environmental conservation and sustainability exploitation of natural resources in
Maasai land scape.
Organizational Strategic Objectives:
1 Develop information and communication technological systems, that is accessible for
advocacy, educational and community organizing and development.
2. Promote national awareness of pastoralism and initiate projects towards the diversification
of pastoral economic systems.
3. Lobby government policies that support pastoral communities to transform their economic
systems and livelihoods.
4. Establish integrated programs that address gender and organizational processes that
facilitate equal gender relations.
5. Undertake an Organizational Development processes to bring Ilaramatak Lorkonerei
values, systems, structures and leadership styles into alignment.
6. Develop strategic relationships to generate balanced local and international support for
Orkonerei Institute work.
Organizational Functional / Specific Objectives.
1. To promote national respect of pastoralism while sensitizing against poverty creating
customs.
2. To strengthen educational investment in pastoral communities and develop a plan to
effectively utilize existing human resources in the communities.
3. To analyze the impact of existing policies and culture on economic development of
pastoralists.
4. To initiate projects that promotes diversification of pastoral economic systems.
5. To sensitize pastoral communities about the importance of health an equal gender
relations, with a special focus on education for the girl child.
6. To diversify the communication technologies in use at Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists
Advancement and establish a wide programming scope to reach all pastoralists areas.
7. To mainstream facilitative systems and structures towards more effective support for
Institute for Orkonerei Pastoralists Advancement’s advocacy work.
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8. To strengthen conscious work with values and policies that promote accountability,
participation and facilitative leadership at all levels.
9. To promote and provide public awareness in the field of environmental conservation,
Community rights and Management of Natural Resources.
Project Duration:
The project will be implemented for the duration of five years starting from the date of
funding availability within the first half of 2015. There will quarterly financial and progress
reporting and end of year annual reporting and in accordance to compliance with partners
requirement.
We plan to have a mid-term project internal evaluation so as to learn from the experiences of
half term implementation and a final end of the project external evaluation to inform us of
successes and failures in implementing this project.
6.Project description.
Implementation strategy
In order to realize the desired outputs and objectives reference will be made to the planning
Log-frames for easy monitoring. The implementing partner has planned sets of activities, and
the following strategy to ensure smooth running of the planned activities was agreed upon:
• Participation of the local communities in project planning, implementation,
monitoring and evaluation
• Sourcing-out/contracting or tendering some activities for example: construction and
rehabilitation activities, literacy classes and market surveys to specialized firms and
agencies
• Orkonerei Institute has already started with the Districts (Loongiito, Simanjiro and
Same) in running specific activities
• Collaboration with the Districts authorities as a means of getting extension and
community officers from relevant departments
• Making use of the village governments, and Ward development committees, for
provision of labour and locally available needed materials
• Using a system of cost sharing/user charges for project service delivery from the
respective communities in the project areas
• Formation of different committees to supervise different project activities in their
villages
• Separate Bank accounts will be opened for activities which have revolving funds
• The use of other programs to support the project, for example the Radio Station of
Institute to mobilize pastoral communities on different development issues.
• Collaboration with other actors in the target communities so as to complement each
other’s’ activities and avoid duplication of efforts.
• Regular project implementation progress reports will be shared quarterly with
different partners, to donors and the government of Tanzania.
Expected Results (outputs).
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The following results are expected in the selected villages at the end of the project:
• Improved livestock production and added value for livestock products.
• Improved water supply and range resources for livestock.
• Improved livestock health services.
• Improved use of locally available inputs.
• Promoted application of sustainable environmental conservation techniques in
beekeeping and general environmental conservation in Maasailand.
• Improved market for livestock products.
• Established strong women and youth groups.
• Increased profitability of women and youth economic activities.
• Sensitized community on gender issues.
. Improved quality of formal education of pastoral Children and adult Learning.
• Developed capacity of Orkonerei Institute.
Description of the planned main activities per result to be executed by the Orkonerei-Institute
is given hereunder:
More than 50% of households include poor and poorest families without any productive
activity for their living.
Result 1. Improve Livelihood Security of Maasai Households.
Activity.1.1. Restoration of Traditional Mutual Assistance (Ewoloto).
Activity 1.1.1 Restoration of traditional mutual assistance (Ewoloto).
Orkonerei Institute through its Community economic development in livestock development
programme intends to initiate a restocking activity in which destitute pastoral households will
be enabled to re- enters into the pastoral economy.
Livestock keeping is an activity in which pastoralists in target areas are most knowledgeable
and they are skilled in it. Restocking is the most appropriate way of reducing poverty among
pastoralists. It is further an economic activity, which is ecologically viable and socially
restores the status of the destitute.
In the districts of Loongiito, Same and Simanjiro a total number of 18 villages with 360
selected households i.e. Twenty households from each village will be restocked. The selected
households are only part of the poorest of the poor families in those areas, and to start with,
120 poor pastoralists from Loongiito, 90 from Same, and 150 from Simanjiro will benefit
from the restocking program. Each targeted household will be given 5 heifers and 10 females
of small stock by the project on half-loan basis. In a period of 5 years a cow will have at least
3 offspring, and at the end of the project the pastoralist will have 15 offspring so 20 cattle in
five years and if he pays back the half -loan (3 cattle) he will remain with 17 which will make
him capable of re-entering into the pastoral economic system.
15
The off-spring which will be given back to the organization by the pastoralist on yearly basis
will be given to another household, and if the offspring happened to be bulls consecutively in
a period of five years, then the owner has to contribute two bulls to the project. As for small
stock, one will have 3 offspring in two years’ time, so in five years it will have at least 7
offspring. Ten (10) small stock will therefore be given to each poor pastoralist household and
at the end of the 5 years, each household will have 80 small stock, and if pays back the loan
the household will remain with 70 small stock at the end of the project. This number will
enable the poor pastoralist to re-enter into the pastoral economy. The exercise will continue
even after the phasing out of the project.
Activity 2. Enhanced local breeds through crossbreeding.
Activity 2.1 Establish a Community Ranch for Improved Bulls in ORMOTI Plain.
The aim of establishing a Community ranch for improved bulls is to improve the local breeds
so as to increase the quality and quantity of livestock and its products. The project will buy
the .one bull is expected to serve 25 heifers per annum and therefore 100 heifers would have
been served annually in each district. Anybody in the village with the heifer on heat and who
need the service must contribute a small amount that will be agreed by villagers in order to
help maintaining the bulls. It is very important for the community to introduce improved bull
into their herds because a big part of their indigenous breed cattle (Zebu) have a low level of
production. These breeds have low genetic potential and therefore of low productivity.
However they are very hard and resistant to various environmental factors such as diseases. If
crossed with improved or exotic breads, it offspring inherits some of the important
characteristics which will allow it to survive different kinds of climatically charges. As for
the introduction of improved bulls in the targeted villages within the project area, this will be
successful because:
• The breeds of bulls to be introduced are not pure breeds but are ‘improved ones’ (crosses)
e.g. Mpwapwa, Borani, and Sahiwal breeds.
• They have been reported as doing well economically.
• Before introducing them proper preparation need to be done. The necessary facilities will
have been prepared before the arrival of the improved bulls; such will include water, a dip, a
veterinary centre, crush, a kraal and pasture. The veterinary centres will be working.
• Appropriate breeds will be selected according to records from the sellers.
• The records will show type, qualities, characteristics and production levels and adaptability
to the new environment.
• Ideal breeds will include those of Mpwapwa, Borani and Sahiwal. They are improved Zebu
breeds.
• Mpwapwa breed was bred in dry area of Tanzania and Kiteto District (one of the project
areas) five livestock keepers have acquired this breed and its offspring are doing well.
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• Borani and Sahiwal have successfully been introduced in the Loongiito district (another
area of the projects intervention) and to date they are reported to perform well.
• These breeds are also used in Maasai areas of Kenya successfully.
• Along the Tanzania - Kenya boarder good crosses of the local Zebu and Sahiwal have been
achieved.
• Before bringing these improved bulls, they will be immunized against East Coast Fever
(Tick borne diseases) and CBPP (contagious Bovine Pleural Pneumonia).
Activity 2.2 Artificial insemination as a second means for crossbreeding.
Activity3. Improved availability, accessibility and management of water supplies for human
and livestock.
Activity 3.1. Boreholes Rehabilitation
The intervention by the Institute in relation to drilling of 10 to 12 new water Boreholes is in
the Districts of Simanjiro and Loongiito by year five of the project. The intervention will be
in the villages of Terrat, Oloswaki, Engonongoi, Nado-Ilchukin, Komolo,Namba tano,
Sukuro, Narok-awo, Emboreet and Kimotorok. The villages are ready to contribute partly
and in order to ensure that there will be a sustainable way of maintaining water availability in
the villages, there will be started water revolving funds in every village within the project
area. These funds will be collected from contributions from water user’s pastoralists
themselves. The funds will be used to maintain water facilities in case of any damage.
Activity 4. Animal health’s and Production improved and sustained.
Activity 4.1 Rehabilitation and construction of livestock facilities.
It is proposed that the project will rehabilitate livestock facilities that are dire need of repairs
such as earth dams and boreholes. Also, new facilities need to be built in areas where there
were none before. As many pastoralists’ communities do not have the expertise to undertake
such construction works on their own, specific jobs will be contracted out to specialized
agencies and firms for implementation. In the case of dipping, high costs of acaricide prevent
livestock keepers from using it. Livestock drugs are also very expensive and in some cases
they are spoiled by the time they reach pastoralists because of poor handling. The project will
reduce costs of such drugs if bought and brought to livestock keepers at market prices
without adding transport charges from Arusha to specific pastoralist villages.
As livestock is the lifeline of the livelihoods of the residents of Loongiito, Same and
Simanjiro Districts investment in the sector is a felt need of the people. It is expected that
rehabilitation of existing and building few new livestock service facilities in the target areas
will improve and reduce disease incidences, reduce livestock losses, improve animal health
and increase productivity. All these will in turn enhance food security; reduce levels of
vulnerability and poverty among pastoralists. Such gains will contribute towards enhancing
security of livelihoods for the pastoral communities in the target areas.
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Activity 4.2. Rehabilitation/construction of Veterinary Centers.
It is proposed to rehabilitate existing veterinary centers in the target areas and build two new
ones. These centers serve as sources for supplying veterinary medicines and provide timely
information especially when reporting outbreaks of cattle diseases, which need prompt
attention. In Orkesumet and Oloibor-serit villages in Simanjiro district it is propose to build
new veterinary centers. This will be fully stocked with essential veterinary medicines and it
will provide services to other neighbouring villages like Narok –Soito, Endoinyo Engijape,
Olkirung rung, Ilkujit and Lolmorijei as well as Narok-awo, Kimotorok villages in Emboreet
divisin. These centers will serve a total of about 57,831 livestock. The project will also use
the centers to conduct trainings to various stakeholders like pastoralists, farmers and others.
In Same District, it is proposed to rehabilitate the existing Muungano veterinary center and
build a new one in Emugur Same. These two centers in Same district will serve the villages
of Muungano, Marwa, Meserani, Emugur and Njoro villages in Ruvu ward, and Kisiwani
veterinary center for Kisiwani and Kamadufa and Njiro villages in Kisiwani ward. Drugs and
veterinary equipment will be furnished at these centers for the first time as the start capital
and subsequent costs will be covered from the revolving fund.
The proposed project will focus on Terrat and Emboreet divisions’ areas in which there is no
organization that is involved in livestock development. It is therefore proposed to rehabilitate
existing veterinary center at Terat and this will serve the villages of Terrat, Oloswaki,
Komolo, Oiborkishu, Emboreet, Loiborsiret, Narakauwo, Kimotorok and Sukuro villages
which have a total of 158,816 livestock.
Activity 4.3. Training and equipping Livestock extension staff.
Due to poor and unavailability of extension services in the villages brought about by few
extension workers in the district, Orkonerei Institute proposes to have extension staff from
each ward be trained and equipped. The government extension workers will be responsible to
conduct regular trainings and giving advice to Para-vets and pastoralists according to directed
government livestock policies. They will therefore be a link between the pastoral
communities and the project staff in executing planned activities. In Loongiitoo,Namanga,
Engarenaibor wards each will provide 4 staff to be trained for the district of Loongiito.
Simanjiro district will have 12 staff trained in the Terrat, Komolo and Emboreet wards
therefore 12 extension staff will be trained by the programme from the three districts. The
project will also train Para-veterinary workers who are villagers willing to be taught to assist
herders to handle activities previously done by retrenched government extension staffs. Paravets will be trained on how to identify and report incidences of livestock diseases to higher
livestock Authorities for prompt attention, to identify and treat mild livestock infections and
to be a link between extension staff and the livestock keepers, also to advise pastoralists on
improved livestock practices. In Loongiito District, the number is 15 (7 male and 8 females);
this is from 5 villages, which proposed to have such trained Para-vets. In Same District, the
total number is 8 (5males and 3 females) selected from 6 villages and in Simanjiro district the
number is 12 (8 males and 4 females).
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Activity 5. Improved markets for livestock products.
Activity 5.1 Formation of specific groups for livestock products.
In order to access markets for livestock and livestock products, profitable existing women
and youth groups will be strengthened and new groups will be formed and established . These
groups will be trained in marketing skills so that they serve as linkages between livestock
keepers and markets. They will buy and sell livestock and livestock products. Women groups
from the villages of Matale A., Engikaret, Mundarara, Laaltarai, Oltepesi and Ewor-endeke in
Loongiito district expressed the interest of doing this as a business to deal-with buying and
reselling of milk together with its by-products. Requirements will be a small milk store, a
milk-separating hand operating machine, and milk test kit and milk utensils; also they will
need a start-up capital to top up to their individual group contribution.
In Same, women from the villages of Njoro, Emugur, Muungano Marwa and Lesirwai are
very much interested to form groups, but the only centers which was proposed to start the
project are in Muungano and Emugur villages.
In Simanjiro district the groups will be in Terrat, Oloswaki, Engonongoi, Nado-Ilchukin,
Sukuro, Emboreet , Orkesumet, Endoinyo engijape, Olkirung’rung’and ilkujit villages and
the requirements for the groups are the same as those of group in Loongiito district. Youth
groups will be responsible for collection, processing and sale of hides and skins. Each district
in the project area will have six youth groups. These groups will be dealing with buying and
selling Hides and skins and they will need small huts and Hide drying shades. They will also
need some capital to enable them to start their business; however each group indicated they
were going to contribute money towards working capital for such activities.
Result 2. Improved the Quality of Education in Pastoral areas.
Education Program among other IOPA programs will have two main sub-programs such are Aflatoun
and CRISIP in 11 schools. Aflatoun (Child social and financial education) program will be working in
9 primary schools. Aflatoun Program enhancing children Social and financial education to become
good entrepreneurs for self-sustainability in future.
Activity 1.Aflatoun program Objectives
The objectives of implementing child social and financial education by its very definition goes
beyond educating children on savings and personal finance, but rather also incorporates social issues
such as emotional maturity, assertiveness and involvement in community as well as national
development agenda particularly on issues that affects children’s rights. The key actors in this regards
are parents, teachers, community based organization and children themselves.
Aflatoun main activities:
 Game and sport clubs
 Planting of fruits trees
 Visiting of sick people in hospitals and encourage them
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 Making of different art-works
 Flowers & vegetable gardens
 Children parliament- this will build confidence for children to advocate of their rights in
school and outside of the school.
 Vegetables gardens
 Hens and goats/shorts projects as well as social activities done by children themselves in their
communities.
Activity 2.Child Rights & School Improvement Plans/ Program (CiRSIP).
Child Rights and School Improvement Plans is a framework to address comprehensively the issues
of children’s right to quality and relevant education: children, parents, local leaders and others
stakeholders at community level participate in school leadership and governance, the accountability of
teachers, schools and education system for children and their communities.
CRISIP aims at making schools better places for learning. This depends upon changes at the school
level and within classrooms but since school are institutions that are part of a system that determines
their organisation and functioning, any initiative to improve schools must focus on individual schools
communities around the schools as well as on the education systems.
Objectives of CRiSIP;

To enable communities to make informed decisions, allowing them to fulfil their
obligations towards their children quality education;

To ensure that school committees have the required and needed knowledge and skills
to develop and implement the CRiSIP plan;

To ensure teachers and care givers receive high quality training and resources in
support of their work;

To give children and parents the opportunity to participate fully in their own school &
communities;
In order to promote CRiSIP as a way to guarantee quality education for all children; This
programs has been very effective as it brings all education stakeholders ,like-minded
organizations, communities together and encourage children participation in all stages.
This program and sub-programs can be strengthened by provision of more training, exchange visit for
experience sharing, and advocacy to put Aflatoun program in Tanzania educational syllabus. As well
as availability of required and enough financial & Technical support.
ideas in supporting children and their learning is to have children parliament in each school where
children can report about difficulties and successes facing them at different time in their life in
schools, Child reporters- children being able to report any issue which hinder their rights of not
accessing quality education in school or outside of school and report to the authorities. Establishment
of right and health clubs in schools. These ideas have been in our thoughts but no enough resources to
reach all schools in our working areas.
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This program will cover 3 wards out of 16 wards currently existing in Longido District in Arusha
region. There are 6 primary school with only one government and1 private secondary school. So far
each school has one pre-primary school but in Longido which is the headquarters has about 5 ECD
centres’ so this will improve in learning outcome as many children will be able to be enrolled at the
early ages, avoid long school walking distance from home to school, it prepares children to avoid of
language barriers when they join primary school.
IOPA has been supporting primary and secondary education but due to the need of communities and
the policy of the government, early childhood education is emphasized to help children to go to
learning centers at their infant stage. This will helps them to improve their performance when they
join primary schools and after completing school they will be able to read, count and write.
IOPA discovered that there was a need to support early childhood education therefore the
organization employed a coordinator who got various training or seminars about childhood education.
Staff will be able to collaborate with experienced teachers who were solely childhood educators and
have worked in the field for more than 10 years.
IOPA will do trainings (teacher training, school management committee trainings, ECD
caregiver training).
In Some modules external trainers will be hired from the government education department.
Others like child rights and responsibilities, child social and financial education will be
carried by IOPA staffs that are qualified for this kind of trainings as some of them are
professional teachers and holders in either Degree or Diploma in education issues.
IOPA as the sister organization with about 14 other companies, IOPA create awareness to
communities to provide support to their children as well as do advocacy to these other
companies to support feeding program in school by providing milk, meat, from the
processing factories and other related support. Most of the schools in Longido District are
boarding school with a big number of children who need different kind of supports so
normally we connect these schools through clusters committee with other good wishers to the
Maasai communities. We also support children exchange learning visit to other children from
different communities for learning purposes.
IOPA has been offering the support to schools through cluster committees in our local
working areas.
The organization works with others collaboration, sharing of ideas and responsibilities.
Others volunteer to fill the gaps if there is a need which cannot be acted upon by the
organization. But due to the developed school improvement plans which was facilitated by
IOPA we were able to list our stakeholders and their responsibilities as shown. Also the
participants managed to identify different roles and responsibilities of each and every
stakeholder in the implementation of this school improvement plan as follows:  Students
 Working hard at school.
 Taking good care of school properties.
 Respecting all the school formalities.
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





 Provision of reports to respective stakeholders.
 Understand their roles in realization of the right to quality education
Teacher:
 Working hard in delivering quality education to students.
 To supervise and monitor all school properties.
 Provision of reports to different stakeholders about the school
development.
 To give guidance and counselling to students in regards to quality
education
 To work closely with school board and cluster in order to realize the right
of children to quality education.
School management committees.
 Receiving of reports from the school management.
 Supervise the implementation of school improvement plan.
 Provision of reports to different stakeholders.
 Provision of advice to teachers when need be.
 Work closely with village council, ward and district council.
Cluster committee.
 Mobilization of resources which are beyond community reach.
 Facilitate linkages and networking of schools to different donors, investors
and government education facilities.
 Monitoring and evaluation of school improvement plans.
 Manage funds from donors.
Parents/guardians:
 Receiving of reports and participate in solving problems.
 Collaborate with teachers in provision of guidance and counselling to
children.
District education offices;
 Provision of directives to school management.
 Supervise curricular delivery at school.
 Monitor school development
 Oversee the implementation of government’s education policy.
 Provision of funds for school development.
 Permission for teachers to attend training facilitated by IOPA and ICS
 Provide policies and syllabus.
Community:
 Receiving of reports from the village council and participate in the
implementation of community development projects.
 ECD centers provision of trainings to teachers and support for teaching
and learning materials.
 Provide land and support for local materials
 Protection of children and safeguard ECDC properties
 They also give time for meeting and trainings
 Form different committees when needed.
 NGO’s;


Sharing of information
Enhance efforts
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

Collaboration
Funding school programs.
IOPA enhances the role of families in supporting the development of children’s numeracy
and literacy skills By raising the awareness of parents on importance of education to their
children and support their children needs. Also to fabricate learning tools for their children
like sticks and stoppers for to be able to counting in school and perform well in mathematics.
Also after school hours children keep in good company with adults who know how to read
and write.
Unique approach, role, or gap that IOPA fills is the provision of necessary tools for learning
like Braille papers to blind children, advocacy to others organization to sponsor children
coming from the poor families, advocate for expelled girls from school due to early
pregnancies to be allowed to continue with their studies, advocate against child abuse and
neglect through radio program, face to face discussion, visit and communities meetings.
Activity 3. Support and Strengthen Vocational Education & Training for the Maasai youth
with the objective of creating jobs and self- employments. .
Vocational education and Training will be provided to Maasai youth both boys and girls in
the areas of Electrical engineering & Motor Mechanics; Information and Communication
Technologies including Computer science; Social Media and Internet services; energy &
Bio-gas technologies and Dairy processing. The trainings will take place and conducted in
Terrat village in the Institute Centre, and in the Electricity & Energy production site for
different duration ranging for courses of three month, six months, one courses and two years
courses.
Result 3. Improved and conserved Maasai land scape and sustainable exploitation of
natural resources.
Environmental Conservation:
The Maasai landscape is changing dramatically and natural vegetation covers is disappearing
at alarming rate. This reckless phenomenon is due to Charcoal making and clearing land for
agriculture, other adverse environmental processes e.g. soil and wind erosion are taking
place, huge gullies built up and the land is become drier and drier. The rains are shorter and
erratic and when they come they are very destructive. Persisting droughts are getting longer
and longer.
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Environmental issues are now receiving attention it deserve from higher authorities especially
after new government come into power by the end of year 2010. Water catchments
protection, banning plastic bags and management of water resources is being strengthened
and followed up.
Village environmental committees in districts are becoming stronger and stronger and
functioning efficiently with the support of the Institute. The villages of Terrat, Oloswaki,
Komolo, Emboreet, Sukuro, Oiborkisshu, Alarakare, Naberera, Olibor-soit A, Narrok-awo,
Kaangala and Oloibor-siret have very strong committees and have received training and
supported by the Institute in enforcing environmental protective by-laws. The beekeeping and
handcrafts projects are providing people with an income and harvested honey is being used
locally for many purposes e.g. Direct consumption, treatment of wound and stomach
problems as well as exchanged with livestock e.g. Goats, Cows and Donkeys and finally for
Cultural purposes and sometime sold with cash. The commercial part of this project hasn’t
yet materialized due to lack of packaging materials and facilities as well as lack of proper
marketing system.
Tanzanite mining in Mererani area is contributing somehow to pastoral family’s income in
Simanjiro district for those who have engaged in mining activities especially the young
generation. The mining knowledge provided to Community leaders by the Institute has
enhanced greatly their understanding in different aspects of mining including the mining laws
and environmental laws pertaining to mining and the entire mining business and mining
transactions. However environmentally the mining activities are still very destructive and
very little is being done by the government and individuals despite all the trainings over the
Radio programming on safe mining and obligations to the environment.
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Charcoal making in Njoro/Emugur village in Same district in Kilimanjaro region.
The Institute will continues with its Radio Educational programs on Mining and its
profitability as well as its adverse destructive side and design I collaboration with villages on
mitigation approaches to safeguard, protect and conserve our environments.
The following activities will be carried out;
Activity 1. Prevention of Trees cutting & charcol making
Activity 2. Support Villages land use plans
Activity 3. Engage on Protection of water sources and natural springs
Activity 4. Engage on Eco-Tourism and sustainable exploitaion of natural resources by
villages
Activity 5. Compaign against environmental destructive mining practises.
Activity 6. Engage and support local beekeepers on Beekeeping & Honey production by
providing them with modern beehives, haversiting technics as well as processing and
packeging of raw honey. Lastly together with beekeepers identfies honey markets.
7. Monitoring & Evaluation.
Monitoring and evaluation procedures
Monitoring.
Monitoring is structurally built in at result level. Although each step in the implementation of
an activity involves an element of monitoring, in every quarter there will be an on-site visit
by the Institute of the executed activities. This will allow direct monitoring and immediate
action. Progress at project level is assessed and processes and Institute internal procedures.
Starting point is the annual operational plan, which the Institute prepares every year on the
month that the project starts. The annual progress report will include also the operational plan
25
for the next year. The quarterly planning and monitoring matrices as given below guide ongoing implementation of activities. These matrices enable the self-evaluation of activities of
the previous quarter. The plan for the next quarter is then based on the self-evaluation. The
matrices are a simple but efficient planning and monitoring tool. They enable a flexible and
forward- looking implementation of activities without losing track of the past.
Evaluation.
Via 2 evaluation activities the project’s efficiency, effectiveness and long-term impact will be
assessed. After two and half years a mid-term evaluation is foreseen. The mid-term
evaluation will be the major reflection in which all stakeholders will participate. It will take
the plans as its basis, analyse the achievements and come to formulation of the necessary
corrections.
At the end of the project a final evaluation will be held. The objectives of this independent
evaluation will be to analyse achieved results of the intervention, assess its impact, draw
lessons and identify good practices for grassroots poverty eradication in pastoral areas of
Tanzania. The Institute together Addax & Orxy Foundation will define terms of reference of
the evaluation and choose the external evaluators. Major inputs in the evaluation will be the
annual measurement of the indicators of the Log-frame of the project and the baseline survey
in the first year using PRA tools and a survey among the beneficiaries.
8. Implementation timeline/Schedule.
This project is of duration of five years starting the first half of 2015 upon on availability of
financial resources. There will be quarterly financial and progress reporting, and end of the
year annual reporting.
There will be a half –term mid evaluation that will inform on the project successes and
failures and re-planning. End of year five an external evaluation be carried out to measures
performance and successes and failures of the entire program.
9. Project Budget .(Five years Estimates).
1.Livelihoods Program.
A. Community Ranching (Animal health, Crossbreeding & Livestock Production )..
i. Buying of Bulls, heifers, Goats, sheep of new breeds……………………….$25,500
ii. Introduction of Zero grazing & Husbandary costs…………………………..$15,980
iv. Veterinary Supplies & Tsetse flies eradication..……………………………$15,970
v. Additional feeding supply……………………………………………….…...$ 7,465
vi. Traditional mutual assistance (Ewoloto) to destitute families………….…...$23,050
vii) Establishment of new veterinary center……………………………………$24,400
Subtotal……………………………………….$115,365/=
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B. Water Supply & Mnagaement.
i. Drillinng of new boreholes in villages 2 per year and distribution
outlets…………………………………………….…………………………..$72,650
ii. Management, maintanace and repair of water systems…………………...$16,750
iii.Training & Facilitation to local villages water commitees………….……$ 9,560
iv. Livelihood Program staff salaries…..…………………………………… $26,600
Subtotal……………………………………...$125,560/2. Formal Education & Vocational Training Program.
i. Aflatoun sub-program(Child financial savings & Education…………….$16,750
ii. Child Rights and School Improvement plans/program……………….....$47,580
iii. Educational workshops & Training to teachers & school commitees….$16,850
iv.Exchange visits & Experience sharing…………………………………..$ 12,500
v. Program Staff salaries……………………………………………………$22,200
Subtotal…………………………………….$115,880/3. Environmental Conservation & Natural resources Management.
i.Tree Planting & Prevention of Trees cutting & charcol making….………$ 16,550
ii. Support Villages land use plans…………………………………………$ 18,500
iii. Protection of water sources and natural springs………………………...$ 14,200
iv. Eco-Tourism and sustainable exploitaion of natural resources…………$ 15,600
v. Compaign against environmental destructive mining practises…………$ 8,800
vi. Beekeeping & Honey production……………………………………….$16,500
vii. Program Staff Salaries………………………………………………….$25,500
Subtotal……………………………………$115,650/4. General Administration & Finance Department ( 20% of the Programs costs)
i. Monitoring & Evaluation………………………………………………..$ 11,793
ii. Auditing & Consltation fees…………………………………………….$ 7,500
iii. Vehicles Maintance & Repair………………………………………..…$ 24,500
iv. Governmental fees & Taxation………………………………………….$ 15,000
v. Organizational Meeting & Governance………………………………….$ 9,450
vi. Office supplies, maintenance and Repair..……………………………..$
6,350
vi.Admin Staff Salaries…………………………………………..……..….$ 23,418
Subtotal………………………………..……$98,011/-
Grand Total ………………………….$ 570,466/-
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A yearly detailed programs plans and budgets will be submitted on yearly basis
to supporting donors/foundations, including yearly progress and financial
reporting to support funds requests.
10. Appendixes(where relevant.
Apart from the supporting documents bellow any other required information will be provided
upon instructed by any supporting partner.
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