Supplementary information
for manuscript “Mechanistic insights into the effects of climate change on larval cod“
by Trond Kristiansen, Charles Stock, Ken Drinkwater, and Enrique N. Curchitser
Figure S1. Time-depth (upper 35-45 m) vertical profiles of the ESM predicted detrended temperature for the period July 2003 – June 2097 for a) Georges Bank, b)
West Greenland, c) Iceland, d) North Sea, and e) Lofoten. The vertical profiles were
smoothed with a 5-year running mean.
Figure S2. Panel a) shows the mortality rate (h-1) and b) irradiance (light, μEm-2s-1) as
experienced by a 5 mm larval cod on days of the year January 31st (circled line) and
May 1st (solid lines) for North Sea, Lofoten, Georges Bank, Iceland, and West
Greenland waters. The water quality was defined using attenuation coefficient of
k=0.15 and a beam attenuation of c=k*3. The mortality pattern with depth was
estimated using a constant density (0.00015m-3) of predatory fish of 10 cm length, a
fixed size larval fish of 5mm, and light conditions at calculated at 12:00 (noon).
Panels c (Georges Bank), d (Iceland), e (West Greenland), f (North Sea), g (Lofoten)
shows the percent change in frequency of occurrence at depths during daylight hours
for the periods 2000-2049 (green line), and 2050-2099 (red line) relative to 19501999 occurrence. A positive value indicates that the larva spend more time in that
depth level in the future compared to the past, while a negative indicates the opposite.
Figure S3. The modeled daily specific growth rate (%d-1) averaged over 50 year
periods: 1950-1999, 2000-2049, and 2050-2099 for a) Georges Bank, b) West
Greenland, c) Iceland, d) North Sea, and e) Lofoten. The shaded areas indicate the
standard deviations within each 50-year period and indicate the inter-annual
variability in survival.
Figure S4. Seasonal phytoplankton production from Eppley-VGPM (blue) and ESM
(red) for a) Georges Bank, b) West Greenland, c) Iceland, d) North Sea, and e)
Lofoten respectively. Eppley-VGPM (Behrenfeld & Falkowski, 1997, Eppley, 1972)
primary production estimates were extracted for each region, for the period 20022012. The Eppley-VGPM estimates were calculated using observed chlorophyll and
temperature data (MODIS), SeaWiFS PAR, and estimates of euphotic zone depth was
available from the Oregon State University
(www.oregonstate.edu/ocean.productivity/index.php). The production estimates from
the ESM are shown for the period 2002-2012. Thick red and blue lines indicate
average production per month over the time span 2002-2012 for ESM and EppleyVGPM, respectively.