NUTRITION THERAPY INSTITUTE
LIFE CYCLE / HEALTHY AGING NUTRITION
UNIT EXAM 1: ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY OF THE
REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM
Text Reference: Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology, Marieb
Support Text: Principles of Anatomy and Physiology, Tortora
UNIT OBJECTIVES
Male Reproductive System
 Identify the organs of the male reproductive system and discuss the general function of each.
 Name the endocrine and exocrine products of the testes.
 Discuss the composition of semen and name the glands that produce it.
 Trace the pathway followed by a sperm from the testis to the body exterior.
 Define meiosis and spermatogenesis.
 Describe the structure of a sperm and relate its structure to its function.
 Describe the effect of FSH and LH on testis functioning.
Female Reproductive System
 Identify the organs of the female reproductive system and discuss the general function of
each.
 Describe the functions of the vesicular follicle and corpus luteum of the ovary.
 Define endometrium, myometrium, and ovulation.
 Indicate the location of the uterine cervix, fundus, and body.
 Define oogenesis.
 Describe the influence of FSH and LH on ovarian function.
 Describe the phases and controls of the menstrual cycle.
 Describe the structure and function of the mammary glands.
 Describe fertilization, zygote and implantation.
 Distinguish between an embryo and a fetus.
 List the major functions of the placenta.
 Indicate several ways that pregnancy alters or modifies the functioning of the mother's body.
 Describe how labor is initiated and discuss the three stages of labor.
 List several agents that can interfere with normal fetal development.
 Describe the importance of testosterone during embryonic development of the reproductive
system organs.
 Define menarche and menopause.
 List common reproductive system problems in adult and aging males and females.
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Total Points Possible: 70
MULTIPLE CHOICE
Select the correct answer for each question. There is only one answer per question. Each answer
is worth one point.
1. The exocrine function of the male testes is:
A. Testosterone production
B. Ovum fertilization
C. Sperm production
D. Embryo nutrition
E. Estrogen production
2. The correct descending order of the male duct system (from inside to outside) is:
A. Epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct
B. Ejaculatory duct, epididymis, ductus deferens, urethra
C. Ductus deferens, epididymis, ejaculatory duct, urethra
D. Epididymis, ductus deferens, ejaculatory duct, urethra
E. Ejaculatory duct, ductus deferens, epididymis, urethra
3. Fertilization usually occurs in the:
A. Ovary
B. Graafian follicle
C. Uterine (fallopian) tubes
D. Uterus
E. Vagina
4. The journey of the oocyte through the uterine tubes to the uterus following ovulation
normally takes:
A. 1 hour
B. 24 hours
C. 3-4 days
D. 1 week
E. 10 days
5. The inner mucosal layer of the uterus that is sloughed off approximately every 28 days is
called the:
A. Endometrium
B. Myometrium
C. Perimetrium
D. Epimetrium
E. Hypometrium
Copyright © 2012 Nutrition Therapy Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
6. Which one of the following is NOT an option for prostate gland problems:
A. Microwaves to shrink the prostate
B. Surgery
C. Coitus interruptus
D. Drugs such as finasteride
E. Incineration of excess prostate tissue by radiation
7. The hormone responsible for ovulation is:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Follicle-stimulating hormone
D. Luteinizing hormone
E. Adrenocorticotropic hormone
8. The corpus luteum is a special glandular structure of the ovaries that primarily produces:
A. Estrogen
B. Progesterone
C. Testosterone
D. Interstitial cell-stimulating hormone
E. Luteinizing hormone
9. The mammary glands are:
A. Modified ceruminous glands
B. Modified sebaceous glands
C. Modified sweat glands in both males and females
D. Modified lacrimal glands
E. Modified sweat glands in females only
10. For a sperm cell to fertilize an ovum, sexual intercourse must occur no more than _______
hours before ovulation.
A. 12
B. 24
C. 48
D. 72
E. 90
11. Many home pregnancy tests assay for _______ within a woman’s urine.
A. Human chorionic gonadotropin
B. Estrogen
C. Progesterone
D. Luteinizing hormone
E. Testosterone
Copyright © 2012 Nutrition Therapy Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved.
12. Labor is initiated by prostaglandins and ___________.
A. Renin
B. Relaxin
C. Oxytocin
D. Progesterone
E. Human chorionic gonadotropin
ESSAY
Essentials of Human Anatomy and Physiology
Answer each of these questions using the textbooks and other references including
Understanding Normal and Clinical Nutrition, and resource materials, such as web sights, books
and experts in the field you may know.
1. Explain the male duct system and the role of each organ involved. Include the epididymis,
rete testis, testes, ductus deferens, urethra, ejaculatory duct and prostate gland. 10 points
2. Outline the stages of the menstrual cycle and describe in detail what occurs at each stage.
Draw a chart showing the fluctuating levels of the hormones estrogen, progesterone, LH, and
FSH on the vertical axis and days of the menstrual cycle on the horizontal axis. 15 points
3. Describe briefly the fetal development of each of the following body systems: Skeletal,
Muscular, Nervous, Special Senses, Endocrine, Cardiovascular, Immune/Lymphatic,
Respiratory, Digestive, Urinary and Reproductive. In your description include how and when
the organs develop. Emphasize special nutritional requirements of the organ system
development and implications for maternal nutrition. The information on fetal development
is found at the end of each chapter in EHAP. Each system description is worth three points
for a total of 33 points.
Copyright © 2012 Nutrition Therapy Institute, Inc. All Rights Reserved.