Unit 1 Test Review
Name _________________________________
1. What should all scientific experiments include in order to be considered good/valid/fair? At least 3!!
A testable Hypothesis, A control group, Test only one independent variable.
2. What are the steps of the scientific method (in order)?
1. Observation
2. Hypothesis
3. Experiment/Test
4. Conclusion
5. Peer Review/Publish
3. A valid hypothesis must be ____TESTABLE______.
4. Why is it important to have a control in a scientific experiment?
The control group is kept under normal conditions so that comparisons/contrasts can be made when
testing the independent variable.
5. What is the difference between a conclusion, a theory, and a law?
A conclusion is the analysis of data
6. Provide one example of an observation and one example of an inference below.
Observation – The girl is crying.
Inference – The girl is crying, so she must be sad.
7. Provide one example of a stimulus and the corresponding response.
A chameleon sees a predator (the stimulus) and camouflages itself (the response).
8. Provide one example of a quantitative piece of data and one example of qualitative/descriptive data?
Quantitative – 25 mL, 15.3 grams, 182 miles
Qualitative (Descriptive) – Red Leaf, Coarse Hairs, Scaled Skin
9. What are the six characteristics of life? Briefly explain each.
a. Homeostasis – maintaining a stable, internal environment.
b. Organization – made of cells
c. Reproduction – making new ones to carry on species.
d. Growth and Development – increase in size and structures; changes over lifespan
e. Adaptation/Evolution – characteristics that allow organisms to better survive/change over
time
f. Response to Stimulus – ability to react to changing conditions in the environment
10. What is the difference between an independent variable and a dependent variable?
The independent Variable is the thing being tested/changed/manipulated in the experiment (“I
Change”)
The dependent Variable is the “data” that we measured in the experiment.
11. Which kingdoms of life have unicellular/single-celled organisms? List all that apply.
Archaebacteria, Eubacteria, Fungi, and Protista
12. Which kingdoms of life contain autotrophs? List all that apply.
Plantae, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
13. Which kingdoms of life contain heterotrophs? List all that apply.
Fungi, Animalia, Protista, Eubacteria, Archaebacteria
14. What is the mnemonic device/memory device for knowing the different levels of taxons/classification?
King
Phillip
Came
Over
For
Great
Songs
Kingdom
Phylum
Class
Order
Family
Genus
Species
15. Which taxonomic level contains organisms that can mate with each other and produce fertile offspring?
Species level
16. What are the rules for writing out a binomial nomenclature scientific name?
1. Must be in Latin
2. Genus is capitalized, species is lower case
3. Both words must be in italics or underlined.
Which word is the genus? ____First______ Which word is the species? _______Second________
17. Using the chart below. Would you say that humans and mosquitoes are very similar or very different?
Explain your answer.
Human
Mosquito
Kingdom
Animalia
Animalia
Phylum
Chordata
Arthropoda
Class
Mammalia
Insect
Order
Primate
Diptera
Family
Homindae
Culicidae
Genus
Homo
Aedes
Species
sapiens
titchii
VERY DIFFERENT – because the only level they have in common is the Kingdom level, from that
point on down, these two organisms are in very different groups.
18. In a wheat field it is observed that about 40% of the plants were 4 meters tall and the other 60% of the
plants were only 2.5 meters tall. The tall and short plants were examined and it was found that the tall
plants had a fungus growing on them whereas the short plants had no fungus growing on them. The
researchers thought that the fungus does not affect plant growth but decided to test this. The scientists then
isolated the fungus and placed it on 100 wheat plants that were only 2.5 meters tall. 100 other wheat plants
were treated under the same conditions but lacked the fungal application. The treated (with fungus) 100
wheat plants grew to 4 meters tall within one month after being treated with the fungus. The untreated 100
wheat plants remained at 2.5 meters.
From the above scenario answer the following questions:
A = Purpose
D = Dependent Variable
B = Independent Variable
E = Hypothesis
C = Control Group
F = Conclusion
___B___ The fungus was placed on the 100 wheat plants.
___A___ To determine if the fungus causes wheat to grow taller.
___D___ The height of the wheat plants.
___E___ Fungus has no effect on wheat growth.
___C___ 100 untreated wheat plants.
___F___ Fungus caused wheat plants to grow taller.
19. The largest and most inclusive of the taxonomic levels is the _____.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Order
Kingdom
Phylum
Species
20. The study of the evolutionary and physical relationships among organisms is called ______.
A.
B.
C.
D.
Taxonomy
Phylogeny
Domainology
Binomial Nomenclature
21. Which of the following is correct when writing out a scientific name? Hint: there is more than one!!!
A.
B.
C.
D.
E.
The genus name is always capitalized.
The species name is always capitalized.
The genus name is not capitalized.
The species name is not capitalized.
Both names are written in italics or underlined.
22. Organisms that can make their own food using chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are called
__________autotrophs__________.
23. Organisms whose cells have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes and can be
multicellular and unicellular are called ________Eukaryotes___________.
24. Archaebacteria live in what type of environments? ____Extreme like very hot, very salty__________
25. What are some examples of archaebacterial? ______Thermophiles, Halophiles_________
Match the following descriptions with the correct kingdom:
A. Eubacteria
B. Archaebacteria
C. Protista
D. Plantae
E. Animalia
F. Fungi
___F__ 26. Eukaryotic heterotrophs that feed on dead/decaying organisms.
___B__ 27. Prokaryotes that live in extreme environments.
___D__ 28. Multicellular autotrophs with complex organ systems.
___A__ 29. Prokaryotes that live in normal environments.
___E__ 30. Heterotrophic, multicellular eukaryotes with complex organ systems.
___C__ 31. Unicellular or multicellular eukaryotes that show the widest variety of characteristics (misfits).
Analyze the following graph.
The effect of temperature on the rate of photosynthesis.
B
A
C
32. What is the independent variable?
Temperature because it is on the X axis and changes
33. What is the dependent variable?
Rate of photosynthesis because it on the Y axis and changes due to temperature
34. What is happening between points A and B?
Rate of photosynthesis is increasing with increasing temperature
35. What is happening between points B and C?
Rate of photosynthesis is decreasing with increasing temperature
36. At which point is the temperature optimal for photosynthesis to occur? ____Point B______
37. Write out a hypothesis that would relate to the above graph. Hint: If/Then statements are a good start.
If temperature increases, then the rate of photosynthesis will increase as well.
38. What conclusion can be made from this graph?
As temperature increases to the optimum level, the rate of photosynthesis will increase. After
the optimal temperature has been reached and beyond, the rate of photosynthesis decreases.
39. What are the following tools used for? What do they measure?
Beaker
Graduated Cylinder
Volume
Volume
Electronic Scale
Mass/Weight
Goggles
Eye Protection
40. The sky is gray. Is this an observation or inference?
41. The girl is smiling, so she must be happy. Observation or inference?
42. Which characteristic of life is illustrated by having cells?
Organization
43. Which characteristic of life would be explained by keeping a constant body temperature at 98.6 deg?
Homeostasis
44. Which characteristic of life would be represented by a rabbit running away from a fox?
Response to Stimulus
45. Which characteristic of life would be represented by cold wind causing Goosebumps?
Response to Stimulus (maybe homeostasis if you are talking about regulating body temp.)
46. Which characteristic of life would be represented by an organism’s ability to camouflage itself?
Adaptation/Evolution
47. After a scientific experiment has been developed, tested/conducted, data recorded and conclusions are
made, the scientist should expect the next step to be _____Peer Review_______.