Chaper 10
Dynamic Earth
Name:
Class:
Date:
Instructions to students: Please write answers in spaces provided.
Multiple-choice questions
1
Marks
If a shellfish dies its body decays but its shell remains. Sometimes fine silt gets inside the
shell and hardens. Over many years the shell may wear away leaving the shape of the inside
of the shell as a fossil. This fossil is said to be:
2
A carbonised
B a mould
C petrified
D a cast
Answer: ______
2
Which one of the following is NOT classified as a fossil?
2
A a leaf impression
B a cast of a snail shell
C a crystal of quartz
D petrified wood
Answer: ______
3
The teeth of animals are often the only remains found as fossils. This is because:
2
A there are more teeth than other structures in the body.
B this part of the body is not normally taken away by scavengers.
C teeth are very hard and resist weathering.
D teeth are the only part of the body not broken down by decomposers.
Answer: ______
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
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Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
4
The diagrams below show the fossils found at three different road cuttings. The fossils which
look the same are the same age.
2
Fossil 5 is a small fish complete with scales and is the only fossil that isn’t a shell. It is very
rare, whereas the shells are very common. The most likely reason for its preservation is that:
A it probably lived on land.
B it was covered quickly by mud and preserved.
C it is an invertebrate.
D it is much younger than all of the other fossils.
Answer: ______
5
The diagrams below show the fossils found at three road cuttings. The fossils which look the
same are the same age.
2
Which one of the following statements is FALSE?
A Fossil 1 is older than fossil 5.
B Fossil 3 is older than fossil 1.
C Fossil 4 is older than fossil 10.
D Fossil 10 is older than fossil 8.
Answer: ______
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
2
Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
6
Many fossils are found in caves. The LEAST likely reason for this is that:
2
A many animals use caves for shelter.
B there is no light in caves.
C there is no wind or rain in caves.
D there is little variation of temperature in caves.
Answer: ______
7
The order of the layers from the inside of the Earth outwards is:
2
A inner core, outer core, mantle, crust
B outer core, inner core, mantle, crust
C inner core, outer core, crust, mantle
D mantle, inner core, outer core, crust
Answer: ______
8
This diagram shows several layers of rocks which
were exposed when a road cutting was made.
2
The order of events which have occurred to
cause this sequence of layers is:
A folding, deposition, erosion and further
deposition.
B deposition, folding, erosion and further
deposition.
C deposition, folding, further deposition and
erosion.
D deposition, erosion, further deposition and
folding.
Answer: ______
9
The inside of the Earth consists of four major layers. Which is the densest layer?
2
A mantle
B inner core
C outer core
D crust
Answer: ______
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
3
Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
10
The inside of the Earth consists of four major layers. In which layer would the focus of an
earthquake occur?
2
A mantle
B inner core
C outer core
D crust
Answer: ______
11
The inside of the Earth consists of four major layers. Which is the only layer that will conduct
L (surface) waves?
2
A mantle
B inner core
C outer core
D crust
Answer: ______
12
The inside of the Earth consists of four major layers. Which layer causes the movement of
the continents?
2
A mantle
B inner core
C outer core
D crust
Answer: ______
13
When an earthquake occurs the shock waves go
out in all directions. These can be detected by
seismic stations.
2
On this map the seismic stations are located at
points A, B and C near a large lake. The waves were
detected at A after 12 minutes, at B after
8 minutes and at C after 6 minutes. Where is the
epicentre of the earthquake likely to be?
A location 1
B location 2
C location 3
D location 4
Answer: ______
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
4
Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
14
An earthquake measuring 8 on the Richter scale is stronger than one measuring 6. How
much stronger is it?
2
A 1.3 times
B 2 times
C 10 times
D 100 times
Answer: ______
Short-answer questions
15
Marks
This chart shows when different types of living things have appeared and disappeared from
the Earth.
6
Indicate whether each of the following statements is TRUE or FALSE.
(a) Mammals could have evolved from dinosaurs. ______
(b) Fish could have evolved from dinosaurs.
______
(c) Humans could have hunted dinosaurs. ______
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Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
(d) Dinosaurs could have helped disperse seeds from flowering plants.
______
(e) Seed ferns existed for about 300 million years before becoming extinct. ______
(f) Too many birds could have caused the extinction of the seed ferns.
16
______
This paragraph has some missing words. Their positions are numbered.
7
A fossil is any remains or trace of any (1) thing. Sometimes they are turned to stone
(or (2) ) and sometimes they are turned to carbon (or (3) ). If a footprint is filled
with silt and hardens it forms a (4) , whereas if a jellyfish rots away to leave a space it is
called a (5) . Usually the soft fleshy parts of an animal (6) but the (7) are left
behind.
Which word goes in which position? Choose the correct word from the jumbled list at
right by writing each one in the correct numbered position:
(1) _________________________
(2) _________________________
(3) _________________________
(4) _________________________
(5) _________________________
(6) _________________________
(7) _________________________
17
petrified
carbonised
living
mould
bones, shell or teeth
decompose
cast
This paragraph has some missing words. Their positions are numbered.
8
An earthquake occurs when parts of the Earth’s (1) move past each other. The
place where the movement occurs is called the (2)
and the point on the Earth’s crust
directly above it is called the (3) . The vibrations sent out are measured by a (4)
which makes a record called a (5) . The strength of the shock waves is measured on the
(6) scale. On this scale each successive number means a (7) times increase in (8) .
Which word goes in which position? Choose the correct word from the jumbled list on
the right by writing each one in the correct numbered position:
(1) _________________________
(2) _________________________
(3) _________________________
(4) _________________________
(5) _________________________
(6) _________________________
(7) _________________________
(8) _________________________
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
Richter
epicentre
ten
crust
magnitude
seismograph
focus
seismogram
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Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
18
There are three types of shock waves involved in earthquakes.
Fill in the blanks to complete their names.
4
(a) ‘P’ or _____________________ waves
(b) ‘S’ or _____________ waves
(c) ‘L’ or ______ waves.
(d) The waves which cause most damage are the _______ waves. (Use P, S or L).
Long-answer questions
19
Marks
You are out camping with friends in sandhills near the beach and you find a piece of rock
with tiny bones in it. The shape of the animal looks as though it is a small fish.
5
Draw simple diagrams in the space below to explain how this fossil was formed and
then exposed, and write a brief paragraph to explain the process.
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ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
7
Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
20
The diagram below represents four layers in the Earth’s crust:
F
4
F
(a) Draw another diagram on the right showing what will happen to these layers if they
are pushed at each end by strong inward forces (F), causing them to bend.
(b) Write a short paragraph about this type of Earth movement.
21
The diagram below represents four layers in the Earth’s crust with a major weakness across
the layers as shown by the dotted line.
F
4
F
(a) Draw another diagram showing what will happen to these layers if they are pushed
at each end by strong inward forces (F), causing them to break.
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ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
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Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
(c) Write a short paragraph about this type of Earth movement.
22
(a) Label the parts A, B, C and D indicated by arrows on the diagram below, using these
words:
continental plate
mid-ocean ridge
oceanic plate
4
volcano
(b) Using the terms in (a), which you should underline, write a paragraph to explain
why earthquakes usually occur where plates meet.
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
2
9
Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
23
The hypothesis suggesting that continents were once joined together and have drifted apart
was first proposed by Alfred Wegener in 1915. It is now widely accepted as part of ‘Plate
Tectonics theory’. Discuss two types of evidence that support Wegener’s original hypothesis.
24
An earthquake occurs and the time of arrival of S and P waves is recorded by seismograph
stations in three Australian cities, as shown in the table below (h: hours, min: minutes, s:
seconds).
(a) Use this data to work out the difference in the time of arrival of the P and S waves,
which you should enter in column 4 of the table above. Then use the graph below to
calculate the distance of each city from the epicentre, which you should enter in
column 5 of the table. (Hint: Convert the difference in time of arrival to seconds to
make it easier to use the y-axis scale.)
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
4
12
(8)
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Chapter 10: Dynamic Earth
(b) From the information in (a), use a ruler and geometric compass to find the location
of the epicentre on the map below.
© Macmillan Education Australia 2012
ScienceWorld 9 Australian Curriculum edition
(4)
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