AP Human Geography
Chapter 11: Industry Guided Reading
1.
How has the location of industry changed over the previous generation? _________________________________________
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2. How has the future of manufacturing in the United States been described? _______________________________________
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3. What two MDC regions have also experienced manufacturing job losses? _________________________________________
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Key Issue 1: Where is Industry Distributed?
4. Where is the hearth of industrialization? ___________________________________________________________________
5. When did industry originate in this area?___________________________________________________________________
6. Describe the pattern of industrial diffusion since its origins _____________________________________________________
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Europe -Originally
Northern England and Southern Scotland
Original hearth, inputs (coal & iron ore), govt. support, RRs/canals, secure
location, innovation, 2nd Agricultural revolution
post-WWII decline => now attracts high tech industry, Thatcherite reforms
Rhine River – diffusion from UK, Germany becomes great industrial power late
19th century, Rotterdam (largest ports)
Po Valley – uses poor Southern Italians, hydroelectricity form Alps, textiles
Silesia – coalfields, Polish-Czech border
Northeastern Spain – newest industrial region in Western Europe, “Catalonia”,
foreign-owned
North America
-Originally
New England - bad farming, water power, harbors for shipping, immigrant labor
Middle Atlantic – proximity to largest market
Great Lakes (incl. SE Ontario) – iron ore meets coal
Southern California – aircraft manufacturing, now clothing and textile, cheap
immigrant labor
Russia – Originally
Now – Eastern
Europe
Around urban centers
Moscow, St. Petersburg
Volga – oil and gas reserves
Ukraine – coal, manganese, iron ore and natural gas.
Urals – Communist relocation, secure, access to inputs
Siberia – effort to develop resources
Now – Eastern Europe EU countries //Poland is the best example
China
Japan - Originally
Mexico
Three clusters:
Guangdong/Hong Kong
Shanghai – Yangtze River
Beijing – Gulf of Bo Hai
Regional clustering has led to wealth disparity in China
Tokyo – Osaka
Tokyo and Nagasaki
1950 – 1960s = cheap goods, depressed wages
1970s – transformation to electronics, autos
Train workers for high tech jobs = most skilled work force
NAFTA – and Northern Mexico –close to US market // Assembly
Factories=Maquiladoras
Key Issue 2: Why are Situation Factors Important?
7.
What factors determined where Honda located their new auto assembly plant in the United States?
Situation factors
1.
Site factors
1.
2.
2.
3.
Key Issue 3: Why are site factors important?
8._______________________________________ result from the unique characteristics of a location.
9. What are the three production factors that may vary among locations?
a. ______________________
b. ___________________________
c. ___________________________
10. Create a circle graph that shows the global distribution of labor among the following regions: MDCs, China, India, “Other”.
11. Useful statistics:
a. Average overall percentage of manufacturing costs of labor in the U.S. __________________________________
b. Average wage paid to manufacturing workers in MDCs._______________________________________________
c. Items that add to labor costs in MDCs _____________________________________________________________
d. Average manufacturing wages in LDCs_____________________________________________________________
12. Why would the auto industry not be considered labor-intensive while the textile industry would?
___________________________________________________________________________________________________
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13. What % of the dollar value of world manufacturing does the textile industry represent?____________________________
14. What % of world manufacturing employment does the textile industry represent? ________________________________
15. Textiles:
Process
Location
Statistic
Spinning
Low-wage countries
China = 2/3rds of cotton thread
16. Why were early factories located inside cities?
a. Situation factors
i. ______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. ______________________________________________________________________________________
iii. ______________________________________________________________________________________
b. Site factors
i. ______________________________________________________________________________________
ii. ______________________________________________________________________________________
c. What site factor have cities always lacked?__________________________________________________________
i. Resulting in ____________________________________________________________________________
17. What types of amenities may affect an executive’s decision to select locations?____________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
18. Define ubiquitous. _____________________________________________________________________________________
19. How did the concept of ubiquitous affect the concentration of industry in the late 19th century? ______________________
____________________________________________________________________________________________________
20. What site factor is most dramatically changing the location of industry in the 21 st century? __________________________
21. Draw the Burgess Concentric Zone Model and describe it. (Be sure to explain bid-rent curves).
Drawing
Description
22. What are the weakness of this model?
23. Draw the Hoyt Sector Model and describe it. (Be sure to explain how it is an improvement over the Burgess Model).
Drawing
Description
24. What are the weakness of this model?
25. Draw the Multiple Nuclei Model and describe it. (Be sure to explain how its CBD differs).
Drawing
Description
26. What are the weakness of this model?