Unit one social studies CBA review
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REASONS FOR EXPLORATION / COLONIZATION: Gold, God, glory
Gold / Economic – Thirteen colonies were mostly established for ECONOMIC reasons. Countries wanted to get
new land & raw materials, increase trade, & find new markets for selling goods. This economic system that
benefited countries like England was called MERCANTILISM.
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In 1607 settlers came to JAMESTOWN, Virginia – grew TOBACCO for profit using ENSLAVED African
Americans
The DUTCH settled in New York and the Swedes settled in Delaware for economic reasons
The FRENCH started colonies near the Great Lakes & along Mississippi River for FUR trapping.
God – Puritans and Pilgrims from England came seeking RELIGIOUS freedom.
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In 1620 Pilgrims came to Massachusetts; signed the MAYFLOWER COMPACT; self-governing
PURITANS came to New England colonies & had strict religious views
_MARYLAND was a colony for Catholics to escape religious persecution
PENNSYLVANIA was a colony for Quakers
Roger Williams started RHODE ISLAND and welcomed people of all religions
Conquistadors brought religion & missions to SPANISH colonies in the South
Glory -- countries & explorers competed to gain land
religious
Spanish
French
churches
geography
New England
enslaved
1620
1607
1639
Appalachian Mayflower Compact
Rocky Middle
grains
Eliza Pinckney
fishing
plantation tobacco
Puritans
manufactured goods
Rhode Island
Atlantic Coast
economic
Pennsylvania
Jamestown
Dutch
Southern
mercantilism
Maryland
cold
New Hampshire
cotton
COMPARING THE COLONIES
GEOGRAPHY caused economic differences between the colonies
Because of their proximity to water, colonies along the ATLANTIC COAST grew quickly.
The APPALACHIAN mountains kept colonists from settling farther westward.
NEW ENGLAND colonies – rocky soil, COLD climate, forests = shipbuilding, furs, FISHING, and timber & high
population density
MIDDLE colonies – good soil, moderate climate, good ports, MANUFACTURED GOODS, agriculture - GRAINS, cattle &
high population density
SOUTHERN colonies – fertile soil, long growing season/warm climate = PLANTATION crops (cotton, tobacco, rice,
indigo) & low population density
ELIZA PINCKNEY brought indigo crop to economy of South Carolina.
REPRESENTATIVE GOVERNMENT IN THE COLONIES
Distance from ENGLAND resulted in a colonists needing to make their own laws with little interference from the king
(salutary neglect)
Colonists were used to the English tradition of self-government & PARLIAMENTARY SYSTEMS (Magna Carta).
Colonial leaders were influenced by JOHN LOCKE and Montesquieu’s ideas about government as a “social contract”
and the separation of powers
Examples of REPRESENTATIVE or limited government in the colonies:
In 1619 the VIRGINIA HOUSE OF BURGESSES was made up of representatives elected by the people.
In 1620 PILGRIMS signed the Mayflower Compact.
In 1639 Thomas Hooker created FUNDAMENTAL ORDERS OF CONNECTICUT. It was the first written CONSTITUTION.
William Penn created a colonial LEGISLATURE in Pennsylvania.
Anne Hutchinson
agrarian
legislature
John Locke
separation
businesses
England
Transatlantic
First Great Awakening
West Indies
constitution enslaved
vote
Pilgrims
Virginia House of Burgesses
parliamentary systems
Puritans
Free
education
Africa
representative
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
religious
THE INFLUENCE OF RELIGION IN THE COLONIES
RELIGIOUS leaders set up systems of self-government in the colonies.
PURITANS immigrated to get away from Church of England, but wanted a state-endorsed religion in Massachusetts.
ANNE HUTCHINSON & Roger Williams argued for the SEPARATION of church and government. They were forced to
leave Massachusetts.
In the FIRST GREAT AWAKENING, preachers advocated for religious freedom and toleration. Many congregations
split and some denominations grew.
SLAVERY IN THE COLONIES
Fertile land and good climate and an AGRARIAN economy in the South led to plantation system and slavery.
TRANSATLANTIC slave trade: slaves were brought from AFRICA to sugar plantations in the WEST INDIES & spread to
Southern colonies.
ENSLAVED African Americans were considered property and had no rights.
FREE African Americans could hold low-wage jobs, own BUSINESSES, and had limited access to EDUCATION. They
could not VOTE.