Name: __________________________________________________________
Date: ______________
Earth Science/Unit 4/Cardenas
Period: _____________
Earth's Changing Surface Study Guide
Directions: Use your notes, textbook, or worksheets to answer the following questions.
The process of breaking down rocks either chemically or physically
into smaller pieces called sediment
1.
What is weathering?
2.
Explain the difference between mechanical weathering and chemical weathering?
Mechanical or physical weathering is the change or an objects shape or size, its
appearance changes. Chemical weathering is when something chemically breaks
down into a different substance than as it started.
3.
Why is weathering considered to be a destructive force?
It is a destructive force because it breaks things down.
4.
Knowing the different types of mechanical and chemical weathering.
4a.
4b.
List 5 types of mechanical weathering
Frost action
Thermal expansion
Abrasion
Root action
How does frost action work to break down rock?
Flowing water
Water gets into the cracks of rocks,
freezes and expands increasing in volume and forcing the cracks further apart,
causing rocks to break apart.
4b.
List 4 types of chemical weathering.
Oxidation
Hydrolysis
Carbonation
5.
List 3 factors that can increase the rate of weathering.
Temperature
Composition of the rock
Rainfall amount
6.
Read the chart below based on weathering rates.
6a.
What type of weathering is dominant in a region that receives 190 cm of rainfall and has an annual
temperature of 25OC?
6b.
Strong Chemical
Name the type of weathering occurring in an area that has an average temperature of 5OC and an
average annual rainfall of 125 cm? Moderate chemical with frost action
7.
Identify the end product of weathering.
7a.
Soil
What is the importance of top soil? Top soil is needed to grow crops and plants
7b.
State the function of decomposers.
To break down dead matter and matericals
8.
Answer the following questions based on the food web below.
8a.
Identify an autotroph. _____________________________________________________
8b.
Name one primary consumer. ______________________________________________
8c.
According to the diagram what is a decomposer? _______________________________
8d.
Identify a producer in this food web. __________________________________________
8e.
Name a predator of this food web. ____________________________________________
8f.
List one food that the snake eats. _____________________________________________
8g.
Is the grasshopper a(n) (CIRCLE ONE):
8h.
The shrew is considered to be a (CIRCLE ONE): PRIMARY CONSUMER
8i.
Predict what would happen to the food web if the rabbit population was wiped out.
HERBIVORE
OMNIVORE
CARNIVORE
SECONDARY CONSUMER
_____________________________________________________________________________________
____________________________________________________________________________________
9.
10.
List five (5) agents of erosion. (Five forces of nature capable of transporting/moving weathered sediments.
9a.
Wind
9d.
9b.
Rain
9e.
9c.
Gravity
Glaciers
Explain the difference between a constructive force and a destructive force.
Constructive forces build
up an existing landform or build a new one. Destructive forces destroy landforms.
11.
Volcanoes
10a.
Name the constructive force studied in this unit.
10b.
Identify the destructive force studied in this unit. Earthquakes
Use the directions below to fill in the boxes with their corresponding terms on the diagram of the water cycle.
10a.
Identify the source that drives this cycle. The sun drives the water cycle
10b.
Evaporation and transpiration have the same phase change in common which is changing a
liquid to a gas.
10c.
11.
Evaporation is the change from
a liquid to a gas that comes from oceans, rivers, lakes and streams.
Transpiration is the change from a liquid to a gas when a plant loses water.
How do the processes of evaporation and transpiration differ?
Erosion and Deposition by Running Water.
11a.
Define meander: a turn or widening of a stream.
11b.
According to the diagram above, which points have the greatest stream erosion?
11c.
Explain why these points have the greatest erosion.
A and C
It is where the stream water is moving
the fastest.
11d.
12.
At a meander, which force is always occurring opposite erosion? Deposition
Describe the difference between kinetic and potential energy. Kinetic is energy of motion and potential
energy is stored energy.
12a.
According to the diagram below, which point represents the greatest amount of kinetic energy?
C
13.
Weathering, erosion, and deposition by glaciers. Glaciers form U-Shaped valleys
13a.
When do glaciers form? When snow remains in one area year-round, enough snow accumulates and
turns into ice. More snow accumulates than melts.
14.
15.
13b.
The weathering involved with glaciers is Physical/Mechanical
13c.
The force involved with glaciers is Gravity
13d.
An example of glacial deposition is Unsorted sediment called, Glacial Till
Weathering, erosion, and deposition by wind.
14a.
The weathering involved with wind is Physical/Mechanical
14b.
The movement of windblown particles is called, Deflaion
14c.
An example of wind deposition is, Sand dunes
Weathering, erosion, and deposition by waves.
15a.
The weathering involved with waves is, Physical/Mechanical
15b.
An example of wave deposition is, Beaches and sand dunes
16.
Describe how a glacial valley’s shape differs from one formed by running water (rivers).
Glacial valleys are U-Shaped and valleys from running water are V-shaped
16a.
17.
What shape are particle moved by running water? Round
Fossil evidence persevered by various erosional agents.
17a.
Define fossil. Preserved remains or traces of living things.
17b.
Fossil evidence is usually found in sedimentary rock.
17c.
Which rock layer and fossil evidence is the oldest? F
17d.
Explain why. F is the oldest because it is on the bottom. The oldest fossils are always on the bottome
and the youngest ones are on top.