Name:
Date:
Section:
Ms. Mallon
Cells Study Guide:
Know the following vocabulary:
Cell - Basic unit of life
Microscopic – something so small it can only be seen through a microscope
Cell membrane –thin covering around every cell, controls what goes in and out of the cell
Organism – any living thing that maintains vital life processes
Nucleus- the “brain” of the cell, it directs all of the cells activities
Cytoplasm- jelly like substance inside a cell between the cell membrane and the nucleus that contains
chemicals which keep the cell healthy
Protist- single celled organism with a nucleus and organelles
Chromosome- located inside the nucleus. Contains genetic information about the cell.
Cell wall- extra support and protection for the plant cell.
Chloroplast- makes food for the plant cell
Vacuole- stores food, water, and waste for the cell
Mitochondria- the powerhouse of the cell. Releases energy from nutrients
Organelle- structures that help keep the cell alive
Organ- a group of tissues that work together to perform a certain function
Tissue- a group of cells that work together to perform a certain function
Organ system- a group of organs th at work together to perform a certain function
Ideas and questions to know and be able to answer:
How do cells keep organisms alive and healthy?
They work together to carry out life processes
How are plant and animal cells alike and different?
They have most of the same structures, except the plant cell has chloroplast and cell wall, the animal cell
does not
Know each organelle and where it can be found (in a plant cell, animal cell, or both), and the role that
organelle has in the cell:
Look at organelles chart.
Compare and contrast bacteria and protists:
Bacteria- enriches soil by breaking d own dead plants and animals, helping to digest food, and others
help make food. Bacterial cells have cell walls, but no nucleus or organelles.
Protists- have a nucleus and organelles. Some have cell walls and chloroplast
Both- single celled organisms
How are bacterial cells different from plant and animal cells?
They have no nucleus or organelles
Is bacteria good, bad, or both? Why?
Bacteria can be good because it helps make food, helps with digestion, and enriches soil. Some bacteria
is harmful.
Who is Robert Hooke? What did he do? Why is he important?
1665, an English scientist named Robert Hooke observed cork cells through a microscope. The structures
looked like tiny rooms so he called them cells. He was actually observing the remains of dead plant cells.
He was the first to observe cells.
Who is Anton van Leewenhoek? Why is he important?
Anton van Leewenhoek was the first to observe living cells. A Dutch trader, van Leewenhoek viewed
these cells in 1673 with a very simple microscope.
How are microscopes important? What did they enable us to do?
Enabled us to discover cells, and know that all living things are made up of cells. These microscopes
allowed humans to see things we are unable to see with our eyes, and understand that all cells share
some characteristics, and see that different cells do different things.
How many cells is your body made out of?
Trillions
How are cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems related?
Cells produce tissues
Tissues produce organs
Organs produce organ systems
Organs systems produce organisms
What are the four kinds of tissue in your body?
Epithelial, muscle, connective, nervous tissues
What is diffusion? Explain it. What experiment demo did we do that helped you understand diffusion?
Food coloring demo- Process where particles move from an area where there are a lot of particles of the
substance, to an area where there are fewer
What is osmosis? What experiment did we do to help you understand osmosis?
movement of water and dissolved materials through the cell membrane