Muscles Question
Booklet
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Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Question 1
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Question 2
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Question 3
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Question 4.
(a)
What is the role of phosphocreatine in providing energy for muscle contraction?
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(1)
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
(b)
The table shows some differences between slow and fast muscle fibres.
Slow muscle fibres
Fast muscle fibres
Enable sustained muscle contraction to take place Allow immediate, rapid muscle
contractions to take place
Many mitochondria present
Few mitochondria present
Depend mainly on aerobic respiration for the
production of ATP
Depend mainly on glycolysis for the
production of ATP
Small amounts of glycogen present
Large amounts of glycogen present
(i)
Explain the advantage of having large amounts of glycogen in fast muscle
fibres.
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(2)
(ii)
Slow muscle fibres have capillaries in close contact. Explain the advantage
of this arrangement.
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(2)
(Total 5 marks)
Question 5
The diagram shows part of a myofibril from a relaxed muscle fibre.
Z line
A band
I band
H zone
1.0 m
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
(a)
When the muscle fibre contracts, which of the A band, I band and H zone
(i)
remain unchanged in length,
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(1)
(ii)
decrease in length?
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(1)
(b)
Explain what caused the decrease in length in part (a)(ii).
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(2)
(c)
The whole muscle fibre is 30 mm long when relaxed. Each sarcomere is 2.25 µm
long when contracted. Use the scale given on the diagram to calculate the length of
the contracted muscle fibre in millimetres.
Length of contracted fibre = ...................................... mm
(2)
(d)
The table gives some properties of the two different types of muscle fibre found in
skeletal muscle.
(i)
Complete the table by writing the words ‘high’ or ‘low’ for the remaining
three properties of each type of muscle fibre.
Type of muscle fibre
Type 1
Type 2
Speed of contraction
high
low
Force generated
high
low
Activity of the enzymes of glycolysis
high
low
Number of mitochondria
Activity of Krebs cycle enzymes
Rate of fatigue
(3)
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
(ii) The myosin-ATPase of type 1 muscle fibres has a faster rate of reaction
than that in type 2 fibres. Use your knowledge of the mechanism of muscle
contraction to explain how this will help type 1 muscle fibres to contract faster
than type 2.
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(4)
(iii)
The blood leaving an active muscle with a high percentage of type 1 muscle
fibres contained a higher concentration of lactate than that leaving a muscle
with a high percentage of type 2 muscle fibres. Explain why.
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(2)
(Total 15 marks)
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Mark Scheme
Question 1
Question 2
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Question 3
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
Question 4.
(a)
Produces ATP;
A correct equation
(b)
(i)
(ii)
R energy store
1
Anaerobic respiration / glycolysis inefficient / produces little ATP;
requires large amount of glucose to produce enough ATP;
glycogen acting as glucose store / glycogen converted to glucose;
R source of energy/ energy store
max 2
Requires oxygen / glucose;
short diffusion pathway / rapid passage of oxygen;
Removal of heat/CO2;
max 2
[5]
Question 5
(a)
(i)
A band;
(ii)
(b)
(c)
1
H zone and I band;
1
filaments in I / thin filaments / actin filaments slide in between myosin /
thick filament; thin filaments enter H zone / meet in middle of A band /
pull Z lines closer;
correct answer:
22.5 mm ;;
Unit 5- Woodford County High School
= 2 marks
2
OR relaxed sarcomere length =
(d)
(i)
48
/ = 3 m ;
16
= 1 mark
In table:
low
high
low
high
high
low
(1 mark per row;;;)
(ii)
2 max
1. overall rate of contraction limited by rate of ATP-splitting;
2. ATPase splits ATP / hydrolyses ATP / converts ATP to ADP
(+ phosphate);
3. ATP-splitting provides energy for any TWO from myosin-actin
interaction;myosin head movement / actin to move relative
to myosin; to ‘cock’ myosin head;
3
4 max
(iii) lactate = product of anaerobic respiration;
type 1 has higher activity of glycolytic enzymes / has lower activity
of Krebs cycle enzymes / has fewer mitochondria;
2
[15]
Unit 5- Woodford County High School