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American Psychological Association (APA) Citation Style
In-Text Citations
Author not named in your text:
“Every time Nassim had to turn in a paper for English class, he was under a great deal of stress” (Hyde & Forsyth, 2008,
p. 47).
Author named in your text:
Suzuki (2008) argues that by “Replacing wasteful toilets, showerheads, faucets, clothes washers, and dishwashers with
efficient versions, [we] can reduce water use by up to 75% (p. 41).
References: Print Sources
Book
Author, A.A., Author, B.B., & Author C.C. (Year of Publication). Title. Place of publication: Publisher.
Mueller, M. (2010). Muscle cars. Minneapolis: Motorbooks.
Article/Chapter from an edited book (i.e. Encyclopedia)
Author, A.A. (Year). Title of article/chapter. In E.E. Editor (Ed.), Title of book (#ed., Vol. #, pp. x-xx). Place of publication:
Publisher.
Chavalas, M.W. (Ed.) (2004). Building of the great pyramid. The ancient world: Prehistory - 476 C.E. (Vol. 1, pp. 116-119).
Pasadena, Calif.: Salem Press.
* If an author cannot be found, move the editor’s name into the author’s space, followed by Ed. or Eds. If there is no
editor, move the article name to the author space.*
Article from a newspaper
Author, A.A. (Year, Month Day). Title. Newspaper, pp. Section letter, followed immediately by page number.
Kennedy, K. (2013, May 7). Gatsby glamour. The London Free Press, pp. C1, C4.
Article from a magazine
Author, A.A. (Year, Month Day). Article title. Magazine title, page number(s).
Cities and data: By the numbers. (2013, April 27). The Economist, 29.
* If no author is given, the article title moves to the author position.*
Image reproduced in a printed book
Author, A.A. (Year). Title [painting]. Book title. By book author. Place of publication: Publisher. Image# or page#.
Viola, B. (1983). Room for St. John of the Cross [photo]. Themes of Contemporary Art: Visual art after 1980. By
Robertson, J. & McDaniel, C. New York: Oxford University Press. 21.
References: Audio/Visual
Podcast
Sherman, K. (Producer). (2010, March 12). Mindfulness and the art of choice [Audio podcast]. Retrieved from
http://www.shrinkrapradio.com
Video
CBC News in Review. (Producer). (2012). CBC News in Review: February 2012 [DVD]. Available from
http://newsinreview.cbclearning.ca/
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References: Electronic Sources
Article from a database
Author, A.A. (Year). Article title. Journal title, Volume #(issue #), pages. Retrieved from database URL.
Jensen, K. (2009). Something Beautiful. World War II, 24(4), 51-59. Retrieved from http://web.ebscohost.com
/ehost/detail? vid=6&sid=df7f9714-6454-4f8d-a818-b4c66d6dbc98%40sessionmgr113&hid=126&bdata =JnNp
dGU9ZWhvc3QtbGl2ZQ%3d%3d#db=khh&AN=44411021.
Article/Chapter from an eBook
Author, A.A. (Year). Chapter title. In editor’s name (Ed.) Book title: Vol. #. Page range. [eBook provider version].
Retrieved from eBook provider’s URL.
Hacht, A.M. (2009). Critical essay, work overview, biography, plot summary: The Book Thief. Literary Newsmakers for
Students: Vol. 3. pp. 41-63. [Gale Virtual Reference Library]. Retrieved http://go.galegroup.com/ps/start.do?p=
GVRL&u=strathro&authCount=1
Website
Author, A.A. (Year, Month Day). Title of website. Retrieved Month Day, Year, from website URL.
NASA. (2013, Feb. 26). Advanced Composition Explorer (ACE). Retrieved May 10, 2013, from
http://www.srl.caltech.edu/ACE/
Article from an online newspaper
Author, A.A. (Year, Month Day). Title. Newspaper. Retrieved from newspapers URL.
Miner, J. (2013, May 10). Wireless implant promises to restore hearing. London Free Press. Retrieved from
http://www.lfpress.com/
Image retrieved from a search engine
Title of image [description]. (Date created). Retrieved [date you accessed the image] from URL of image.
Grumpy cat [photograph]. (2013). Retrieved [May 10, 2013] from http://www.grumpycats.com/.
Map retrieved online
Lewis County Geographic Information Services (Cartographer). (2002). Population density, 2000 U.S. Census
[Demographic map]. Retrieved from http://www.co.lewis.wa.us/publicworks/maps/Demographics/census-popdens_2000.pdf
Notes
If no date is given, substitute (n.d.) in parenthesis for the date.
If no author is given, the title moves to the author position (see Article/Chapter from an eBook example above).
The second and subsequent lines of a citation are always indented.
References:
Publication manual of the American Psychological Association (6 th ed.). (2010). Washington, DC: American Psychological
Association.
Purdue Online Writing Lab. (2013). APA style. Retrieved May 10, 2013, from http://owl.english.purdue.edu/owl/