Science Chapter 5- Earth’s Resources-Lesson 1- Minerals and Rocks
Test Friday December 4, 2015
Vocabulary words
1. Mineral- a solid, nonliving material of Earth’s crust with a distinct
composition.
2. Luster- the way a mineral reflects light from its surface.
3. Hardness- a measure of how well a mineral resists scratching.
4. Sedimentary rock- a rock made of compacted and cemented materials.
5. Igneous rock- a rock formed when magma or lava cools and hardens.
6. Metamorphic rock- a rock that forms from another kind of rock under
heat and pressure.
7. Rock cycle- a never ending process in which rocks change from one kind
into another over time.
Notes
1. How might types of rocks be different from one another? Rocks have
different colors and textures. Rocks are made in different ways. They
may be shiny or dull or hard or soft.
2. What is the relationship between rocks and minerals? Rocks are made of
different kinds of minerals.
3. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into a
simpler substance.
4. Examples of elements are gold, aluminum, oxygen, hydrogen, and iron.
5. Minerals are found in nature. Steel is not a mineral because it does not
occur naturally it is made by people.
6. 2 kinds of luster: 1) metallic luster- looks shiny
:2) nonmetallic luster- looks dull and it may look waxy,
Pearly, earthy, oily or silky
7. A crystal is a solid whose shape forms a fixed pattern.
8. A gem is a mineral that is rare, beautiful, usually transparent, and shines
in light.
9. A rock is a solid object made naturally in Earth’s crust and contains one or
more minerals.
10. A rock may be as small as a grain of sand or larger than a house.
11. 3 types of rocks are sedimentary, igneous, and metamorphic.
12. Sedimentary rocks can change into igneous or metamorphic rocks.
13. Igneous rocks can change into sedimentary or metamorphic rocks.
14. Metamorphic rocks can change into sedimentary or igneous rocks.
15. When an igneous rock forms from magma inside Earth it is called an
intrusive rock. An example is granite. Minerals that makeup gems, such
as rubies may form in intrusive rocks. They can also be used to make
jewelry.
16. Igneous rock form from lava on Earth’s surface is called extrusive rock.
Basalt, the most common extrusive rock, is made of many small crystals.
Obsidian, which is also called volcanic glass, is an example of an extrusive
rock that has no crystals. Obsidian is used to make sharp tools and
weapons. Pumice is also an extrusive rock. It has a rough texture and it is
often used for grinding or polishing.
17. Sedimentary rocks are made of different materials that have been
compacted and cemented together. Almost all fossils are found in
sedimentary rock. Conglomerate rock is sedimentary rock that is made
from smaller rounded stones that have been cemented together.
18. Sedimentary rocks are often used in buildings. Limestone and sandstone
are two types of sedimentary rocks used to construct buildings, make
statues, and other decorations. Concrete contains grounded limestone.
19. If sedimentary and igneous rocks are put under heat and pressure, the
shape or the size of the crystal within them can change.
20. Heat and pressure may even change one of the minerals inside igneous
and sedimentary rocks, into another mineral.
21. As limestone changes into marble under heat and pressure, the fossils
are usually crushed.
22. Slate is a type of metamorphic rock in which the minerals are tightly
packed together, making it waterproof. Slate is used for roofing materials,
stepping stones, and outside floors.
23. Marble is a shiny metamorphic rock that contains minerals that give it
brilliant colors. Marble is easy to carve or shape, making it useful for
fashioning statues, floors, kitchen counters, and monuments.
24. Cleavage is a mineral property that breaks into smooth surfaces.