WHAT SHOULD YOU KNOW ABOUT CLASSIFICATION?
What is taxonomy?
Science of naming & classifying organisms
What is phylogeny?
Evolutionary history of organisms
What is a taxon?
Level of taxonomic heirarchy
What is binomial nomenclature?
2 word naming system composed of genus + species
Be able to write the 8 taxonomic levels in Linnaeus’s hierarchy in order from largest and
most inclusive to smallest and most exclusive.
Domain-kingdom-phylum-class-order- family-genus-species
What are the rules for writing a scientific name?
Capitalize genus, species lower case, italicize or underline
What is a domain?
Largest group of the taxonomic hierarchy
What characteristic is used to determine domains?
Type of cell, cell complexity, & type of nutrition
Which domain includes more than one kingdom?
Eukarya
Be able to name the 3 domains and tell which organisms they contain.
Bacteria – everyday bacteria
Archaea – extreme bacteria
Eukarya – all eukaryotes
Be able to give characteristics of organisms in the 4 kingdoms in the domain Eukarya.
Protista – both uni- & multicellular, no CW, eukaryotic, all types of nutrition
Fungi – mostly multicelluar, CW made of chitin, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
Plantae – CW made of cellulose, multicellular, eukaryotic, autotrophic
Animalia – no CW, multicellular, eukaryotic, heterotrophic
How is DNA used to help classify organisms?
The more similar DNA structure the more closely related the organisms and therefore grouped
into more of the same taxon
What is a dichotomous key?
Tool used to identify unknown organisms
Be able to use a dichotomous key to identify and classify an organism.
Describe why a virus is not considered a living organism.
Cannot reproduce on its own, no growth, no homeostasis
Describe the basic structure of a virus.
Nucleic acid (DNA or RNA), capsid, envelope
Summarize the steps of viral replication.
Lytic – infection, replication, cell death
Lysogenic – infection, replication, cell division
Circle the letter of the choice that best answers each question.
1. Which of the following taxonomic categories contains all the others?
A. genus
B. class
C. family
D. subclass
E. order
2. Until recently, most biologists classified living things into five kingdoms. A newer scheme recognizes three
basic groups, called “domains”:
A. bacteria, plants, and animals
B. prokaryotes, eukaryotes, and plants
C. plants, animals, and fungi
D. eukaryotes and two kinds of prokaryotes
E. bacteria, protists, and eukaryotes
3. Two animals in the same family would not have to be in the same
A. genus
B. domain
C. order
D. phylum E. class
4. Two categories in the same phylum must share what other classification category?
A. kingdom
B. class
C. genus
D. species
5. The second part of a binomial name is called the
A. genus
B. general
C. class
D. species
6. The evolutionary history of a species is its
A. kingdom
B. ontogeny
C. taxonomy
D. phylogeny
7. Animal cells have no
A. cell membranes B. organelles
C. nucleus
D. cell walls
There are two fundamentally different kinds of prokaryotes. State whether each of the following describe
bacteria (B) or archaea (A).
__B___ 8. genes lacks introns
__B___ 9. rRNAs different from eukaryote rRNAs
_A____ 10. some genes contain introns
__A___ 11. complex RNA polymerase
__A___ 12. more like eukaryotes
13. The science of naming and classifying organisms is called
A. biology
B. polyploidy
C. genetics
D. taxonomy
E. gradualism
14. Which of the following taxonomic categories contains all the others?
A. genus
B. class
C. family
D. subclass
E. order
15. The wings of birds and insects have the same function, but they do not have the same evolutionary origin.
Bird and insect wings are
A. homologous
B. phylogenetic
C. analogous
D. binomial
E. homoplasies
16. Solely from its name you can tell Rhizopus nigricans must be ______________________.
A. in the genus Rhizopus
B. in the genus nigricans
C. in the species nigricans
D. in the species Rizopus
E. an animal
17. This diagram which shows the evolutionary relationships
among a group of organisms is called a ________.
A. taxon
B. cladogram
C. binomial nomenclature
D. domain
17. Which of the following tells how to write a scientific
name?
A. The genus name is always capitalized.
B. The species name is always capitalized.
C. The genus name is NOT capitalized.
D. The species name is NOT capitalized.
E. Both names are written in italics or underlined.
18. NAME THE 7 TAXONOMIC LEVELS IN LINNAEUS’S CLASSIFICATION SYSTEM IN ORDER FROM
LARGEST TO SMALLEST:
______DOMAIN___________________
_____________KINGDOM____________
__PHYLUM_______________________
__CLASS_______________________
__ORDER_______________________
__FAMILY_______________________
__GENUS_______________________
SPECIES
19. Organisms that can make their own food using chemosynthesis or photosynthesis are called
___________.
A. heterotrophic
B. autotrophic
20. Organisms whose cells have a nucleus and organelles surrounded by membranes are called
____________.
A. eukaryotes
B. prokaryotes
21. Which category is LARGER and more inclusive than a KINGDOM?
A. genus
B. class
C. phyla
D. domain
22. Which domain includes organisms from more than one kingdom?
A. Prokarya
B. Archea
C. Eukarya
24. NAME THE THREE DOMAINS in the THREE-DOMAIN SYSTEM:
___BACTERIA___________ ____ARCHEA__________________ ___EUKARYA_______________________
25. You have just discovered a new organism that can’t make its own food, has a nucleus, and has CHITIN
in its cell wall. Tell the KINGDOM AND DOMAIN you would place this organism in.
KINGDOM __FUNGI____________________
26. Tell one way plants differ from animals.
DOMAIN ___EUKARYA_________________
Plants ____AUTOTROPHIC, CW______________________________________________________
Animals ____HETEROTROPHIC, NO CW_______________________________________________
29. MATCHING: Match the description of organisms with its KINGDOM:
__E____ Eukaryotic heterotrophs whose cell walls contain chitin
__A____ Prokaryotes whose cell walls contain peptidoglycan
__D____ Multicellular autotrophs with chloroplasts whose cell
walls contain cellulose
__B____ Prokaryotes whose cell walls lack peptidoglycan
__F____ Heterotrophic multicellular eukaryotes without cell walls
or chloroplasts
__C____ Unicellular, colonial, or multicellular eukaryotes that show
the widest variety of characteristics
A. EUBACTERIA
B. ARCHAEBACTERIA
C. PROTISTA
D. PLANTAE
E. FUNGI
F. ANIMALIA