NB # ______
Name ______________________________________________
Chapter 3 Lesson 2; Pages 88 – 95
EGYPT IS UNITED: The First Pharaoh
Menes - __________________ of Upper Egypt
 Changed Egyptian history
 Led forces into the Nile River Delta and overthrew ____________________________________
 To show his victory, Menes had a new crown made. The new crown was a combination of the two crowns from
_________________________ Egypt and _______________________ Egypt.
 Menes became the ____________________ pharaoh of Egypt.
 Old Kingdom: ___________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
EGYPT’S GOVERNMENT and RELIGION
A New Government
Memphis
 The new capital located in _______________ Egypt.
 Here the pharaoh decided how Egypt’s affairs should be run, from the __________________ to the
__________________ levels.
Local leaders were made to serve as the new government.
OLD DUTIES
NEW DUTIES
1)
1)
2)
2)
Religion in Ancient Egypt
 Egypt’s pharaohs had religious duties, as well as __________________________ power. Egyptians believed that
the pharaoh was the “beloved of Horus,” the ________________ who united the two
______________________.
 Most important goddess: ________________________ mother of ___________________. She protected
people from ____________________________ and _________________________.
 Most important god: _________________________ the ________________________ god. The Egyptians
believed that _________________________ gave ____________________ to ________________________, and
the pharaoh, the child of _______________________, gave life to __________________________________ and
its people.
Mummification
 Ancient Egyptians believed they would need their bodies in the _________________________.
 Mummification: the process of ____________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________
 Priests used ___________________________ and ___________________________ to preserve the mummies,
then wrapped them in strips of ____________________________. The mummies were enclosed in elaborate
____________________________ or __________________________ cases.
The Pyramids
 Pyramids were huge ________________________________ structures used as ____________________, or
________________________ places for the pharaohs.
 The first pyramid was built for ______________________________________.
 The first architect to be known by name in history was _________________________________.
THE GLORIES OF THE OLD KINGDOM
The Great Pyramid
 The largest pyramid built in Giza was _______________________________________________ built in about
___________________________.
 The Great Pyramid took ___________________years to build. Historians estimate that as many as
________________________ people may have worked on it. The pyramids used large amounts of Egypt’s
____________________________. Entire __________________________ of stone were cut into blocks to make
the monument. A large part of the yearly _____________________ went to feed and
________________________ the workers.
CAUSE:
EFFECT:
Why do you think local rulers resisted the orders of the
What happened as a result?
later pharaoh to build pyramids?
Ancient Egyptian Writing
 Egyptians developed a system of writing called _______________________. The system used about
_______________ picture-signs, or ______________________________. Each sign or ____________________,
could stand for an object such as an eye, or a sound, such as that of the letter ______.
Scribes
 Scribes traveled throughout Egypt keeping ___________________________, preparing letters, and
_________________________. Egyptians _____________________________ the scribes because it took many
years of _______________________________ to learn their skills.
 Only ___________________________ could become scribes and their training began when they were about
______________ years old. Boys spent hours _________________________ their writing over and over on
broken pottery, which was their “___________________ paper.”
 Once they learned hieroglyphics, young scribes wrote on _________________________. Papyrus is a
__________ plant that grows along the _______________________. The reeds were pressed together to form a
kind of ________________________.
 Scribes sharpened _________________________ to use as pens. They ________________________ the reeds
into small disks of red or __________________________ ink. Then they wrote carefully on their rolls of
_____________________________.
 Scribes had to be good at __________________________ as well as _____________________. They had to
keep accurate records of _______________________ and of the pharaoh’s goods.
DECIPHERING HIEROGLYPHICS
A Lost Language Recovered
What is the Rosetta Stone?
Name the three languages found on the Rosetta Stone.
1) ____________________________ 2) ___________________________
3) _________________________
Jean Champollion
 A ____________________________ scholar who figured out how to read ___________________________.
 Knew how to speak _________________________________ so he was able to __________________________
the meaning of the ______________________________ writing as well.
How did the Rosetta Stone help unlock the meaning of hieroglyphics?
Understanding the Economy
 An _____________________________ is the way a country manages its resources to produce goods and
services.
 The economy of ancient Egypt was based on ________________________________________________.
 Explain how Egyptian economy worked.
How did understanding hieroglyphs help scholars learn about Egypt?
PUTTING IT TOGETHER
Sequence the following terms in the order that they occurred in the Old Kingdom.
growth and development
destruction
unification
disunity