Essay Test Chapter 5 with important bullet points
Essay Choice #1
1) Who was George Pullman? What did he become famous for? Describe in
detail his impact on Chicago and the ways Pullman impacted the rest of the
United States?
*Founder of Famous Pullman Sleeping Cars for railroads
*Luxurious accommodations
*Pullman Sleeping Cars were found on nearly every rail line in the nation.
*Created the “company/private” town of Pullman, IL (14 miles south of Chicago on Lake Calumet)
* Clean, sanitary, well designed town where workers could walk to the factory
* George Pullman strict control over workers who lived in the “company/town” to a fault
*Depression of 1893 – laid off workers, cut salaries, yet raised rent
*Led to massive strike by workers in Pullman, which led to over 100,000 workers nationwide
going on strike
*Soldiers from the federal government assisted George Pullman to end the strike
Essay Choice # 2
2) Who was Carl Sandburg? Describe Sandburg’s style in his art. What was his
famed contribution to the city of Chicago?
*Writer/newspaperman/poet
*Regarded as one of America’s preeminent poets and writers
*Naturalist/Realism style of writing
*Sandburg offers vivid & realistic portrayal of life in Chicago
*Candid description of Chicago…brutal, power, ugly, etc.
*Chicago’s oft-heard nickname- “the City of Big Shoulders” from his famed poem entitled “Chicago”
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Essay Test Chapter 5 with important bullet points
Essay Choice #3
3) answer both part A & B!
A) Who was Chicago’s mayor during the Civil War? (write the mayor’s full
name) Describe the way this person governed (reform, anti-reform, tolerant???)
What impact did the Civil War have on the city of Chicago?
B) From 1850 to 1900, what issues were Chicago mayors and city officials
concerned about in a densely populated urban environment? Give examples of
how Chicago mayors/city officials tried to tackle these issues.
*Francis C. Sherman (elected 1862)
*Flexible and Tolerant way of governing
*No wartime crackdowns on beer or Sunday drinking
*Impact of Civil War
* Chicago because of railroad provided clothing & food for Union’s large army
* 80,000 new residents (110,000 to 190,000) because of economic opportunities
* Enlistees profited by joining army several times
*Camp Douglas…prison camp of Confederate soldiers (south side of city)
*Tourist attraction…some brought food, blankets, medicine, & some paid money
to gawk at the prisoners of war
* Tensions between Unionists (pro-war, typically, Anglo-Americans) and “Copperheads”
(anti-war…immigrants)
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Essay Test Chapter 5 with important bullet points
*City officials’ concerns;
*First concern of government is safety and security
*Fire, Fire, Fire…city made of wood, buildings built closely together…catastrophe
waiting to happen
*Health…drinking water, sewage waste, fear of disease in densely populated
city
*Free public baths for lower income persons
* Poor waste management, everything ended up in river
*Attempts at sewage system, reversal of flow of Chicago River (change
from east to westward flow away from Lake Michigan)
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