Chapter 8/9 Vocab: Inheritance, Heredity, Genes and Chromosomes
Allele
Binary Fission
Character
Codominance
Conjugation
Cytoplasmic inheritance
Dihybrid cross
Dominant trait
Epistasis
Expressivity
F1 Generation
Genetic linkage
Genetic map
Heterozygous
Homozygous
Hybrid vigor/heterosis
Incomplete dominance
Law of Segregation
Monohybrid
Alternate form of a genetic character found at a given locus on
a chromosome
Reproduction of a prokaryote by division of a cell into two
comparable progeny cells
An observable feature (hair color, eye color, height)
Condition in which two alleles at a locus produce different
phenotypic effects and both effects appear in heterozygotes
(red + white = roan)
Non-reproductive sexual process where bacteria pass DNA
from one cell to another through a conjugation tube
Inheritance of organelle genes only from the mother because
the mother supplies all the organelles and cytoplasm in the egg
A mating in which the parents differ with respect to the alleles
of two loci of interest 9:3:3:1
The allelic form of a gene which determines the phenotype in a
heterozygous individual; overpowers the recessive gene
Interaction between genes in which the presence of a
particular allele of one gene determines whether another gene
will be expressed (epigenetics)
The degree to which a genotype is expressed in the phenotype;
affected by the environment
First filial generation; immediate progeny of a parental (P)
mating
Association between two genes on the same chromosome; no
random assortment (closer the genes, less of a chance of
recombination)
Positions of genes along a chromosome as revealed by
recombination frequencies
Having different alleles of a given gene on the pair of
homologues carrying that gene
Having identical alleles of a given gene on both homologous
chromosomes
The superior fitness of heterozygous offspring as compared to
that of their homozygous parents (better to be hetero-)
Heterozygous phenotype is intermediate between the two
homozygous phenotypes (red + white = pink)
Segregation of alleles, or of homologous chromosomes from
each other during meiosis so that each of the haploid daughter
nuclei produced contains one or the other member of the pair
found in the diploid parent cell, but never both (Mendel)
Mating in which the parents differ with respect to the alleles of
only one locus of interest
P1 Generation
Pedigree
Penetrance
Plasmid
Polymorphic
Punnett Square
Quantitative trait loci
Recessive Trait
Recombination frequency
Sex linkage
Silent mutations
Somatic mutations
Spontaneous mutations
Telomerase
Telomeres
Template
Test cross
Trait
Transformation
Transgenic
Translocation
Wild type
Parental generation
Pattern of transmission of a genetic trait within a family (tree)
The proportion of individuals with a particular genotype that
show the expected genotype
DNA molecule distinct from the chromosomes;
extrachromosomal DNA found in bacteria; replicate
independently of the chromosome
Coexistence of two or more distinct traits within a population
Method of predicting the results of a genetic cross by arranging
the gametes of each parent at edges of a square
A set of genes that determines a complex character that
exhibits quantitative variation
The allele that doesn’t determine the phenotype in the
presence of a dominant allele (hidden)
The proportion of offspring of a genetic cross that have
phenotypes different from the parental phenotypes due to
crossing over between linked genes during gamete formation
Inheritance of a gene carried on a sex chromosome (X or Y)
A change of a genes sequence that has no effect on the amino
acid sequence of a protein; sometimes occurs in noncoding
DNA
Permanent genetic change in a somatic cell; affect the
individual, but not offspring
Genetic change caused by internal cellular mechanisms, such
as an error in DNA replication
Enzyme that catalyzes the addition of telomeric sequences lost
from chromosomes during DNA replication
Repeated DNA sequences at the ends of eukaryotic
chromosomes
A molecule or surface on which another molecule is
synthesized in complementary fashion (replication of DNA)
Mating of a dominant phenotype individual (hetero or homo?)
with a homozygous recessive individual
Specific form of a character (eye color is character, brown eyes
and blue eyes are traits)
Mechanism for transfer of genetic info in bacteria; placing
foreign DNA into the bacteria’s genome/plasmid (insulin)
Containing recombinant DNA incorporated into the genome
Rare mutation that moves a portion of a chromosome to a new
location (to a non-homologous chromosome)
The standard or reference type of a gene found in the wild;
deviants are called mutants (not for humans)