Chapter 12
—pages 376-408
1.
The energy possessed by a moving object is ______ energy.
2.
Simple machine formed by winding an inclined plane around a post.
3.
A see-saw is an example of a ______ class lever.
4.
A ______ is a grooved wheel with a string around it.
5.
The energy an object has due to its position or condition is called ______ energy.
6.
A(n) ______ machine can reduce the force needed to do work.
7.
The SI units for power are ______.
8.
A nail holding two pieces of wood together is an example of a(n) ______.
9.
The sum of an object’s kinetic and potential energies equals the total ______ energy of the object.
10.
The ______ family of simple machines includes wedges and screws.
11.
The rate at which work is done or energy is used is called ______.
12.
The 3 simple machines in the lever family are the simple lever, the pulley and the ______ and axle.
13.
A machine that is made up of 2 or more simple machines is a(n) ______ machine.
14.
A(n) ______ is a simple machine which has a pivot point called a fulcrum.
15.
When an object has the ability to do work, it has ______.
16.
Mechanical ______ is a number describing by how much a simple machine increases the effort force applied.
17.
The SI units for work and energy are ______.
18.
A wheelbarrow is an example of a ______ class lever.
19.
Energy cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form, according to the Law of ______ of
Energy.
20.
When a force causes motion in the direction of that force, ______ is done on the object.
Chapters 3 & 4
—pages 68-134
21.
Change of state in which a substance goes from a solid directly to a gas.
22.
Elements in group 18 of the Periodic Table are also known as the ___________ gases.
23.
An element’s _________ number tells how many protons an atom of that element has.
24.
A horizontal row on the periodic table.
25.
The energy needed to change a liquid to a gas is called heat of __________.
26.
A gas-like mixture of positively and negatively charged particles.
27.
Particle with a very small mass and a charge of –1.
28.
The __________ point of water occurs at 100° C.
29.
____________ Principle states that the buoyant force on an object in a fluid equals the weight of the fluid displaced by the object.
30.
Elements in group 1 of the Periodic Table are sometimes called the ____________ metals.
31.
____________ Principle states that as the velocity of a fluid increases, the pressure exerted by the fluid decreases.
32.
A __________ solid has particles arranged in regular, repeating patterns.
33.
The amount of force per unit area.
34.
A relatively massive particle with a charge of +1.
35.
The theory that all matter is made up of tiny particles that are in constant motion is the
__________ theory of matter.
36.
The upward force exerted on an object when it is immersed in a fluid is called the __________ force.
37.
A neutrally charged particle found in an atom’s nucleus.
38.
Elements in group 17 are sometimes called the ___________.
39.
The energy needed to change a solid to a liquid is called heat of __________.
40.
The tiny, positively charged, massive center of an atom.
41.
The change of a substance from the gaseous state to the liquid state.
42.
An atom’s mass __________ is equal to the sum of its protons and neutrons.
43.
Element that is located along the zigzag line on the periodic table; AKA semiconductors.
44.
Atoms of an element that have different numbers of neutrons than other atoms of the same element.
45.
____________ Law states that the volume of a gas increases with increasing temperature, provided the pressure does not change.
46.
The change of a substance from a liquid to a gas, below the boiling temperature of the substance.
47.
____________ Principle states that the pressure applied to a fluid is transmitted equally throughout the fluid.
48.
A chemical __________ is a shorthand way of representing the name of an element.
49.
The most likely place to find an electron in an atom is in the electron __________.
50.
Elements found in groups 3-12 on the Periodic Table are called __________ metals.
51.
The change of a substance from a liquid to a solid.
52.
Since magnesium is found to the left of the zigzag line on the periodic table, it is considered to be a
__________.
53.
A vertical column on the periodic table is known as a family or __________.
54.
____________ Law states that the pressure of a gas increases with decreasing volume, provided the temperature does not change.
Chapters 5 & 6 —pages 142-212
55.
Type of bonding in which electrons are shared between 2 or more atoms.
56.
The outer-most shell of electrons around an atom are called _____________ electrons.
57.
Substances that are present after a chemical reaction has occurred are called _____________.
58.
The Law of Conservation of __________ states that matter cannot be created or destroyed, only changed in form.
59.
A(n) ____________ is a substance that will speed up a chemical reaction.
60.
Another name for a positively charged particle is ____________.
61.
When atoms share electrons unequally, a ____________ covalent bond is formed.
62.
A chemical reaction in which energy is released to the environment is called a(n) _____________ reaction.
63.
When a fuel and oxygen gas react to produce carbon dioxide and water, a(n) ____________ reaction has occurred.
64.
In the decomposition of water, water is the ___________, since it is present at the beginning of the reaction.
65.
A charged particle that is made of more than one atom is called a(n) ____________ ion.
66.
A(n) __________ bond forms between atoms when electrons are transferred from one atom to another.
67.
Another name for a negatively charged particle is ____________.
68.
A substance that slows down a chemical reaction is called a(n) ____________.
69.
A reaction where energy is absorbed from the environment is a(n) ___________ reaction.
70.
Chemical bond in which electrons are shared equally between atoms.
71.
Most elements gain, lose, or share electrons to become chemically __________.
72.
A protein that is made by plants or animals that controls chemical reactions inside the organism is called a(n) __________.

Calculations You Should Be Able to Do:

Work, Power, Kinetic, Gravitational Potential, Mechanical Advantage o 850 J of work is done in pushing a cart 6 m. How much force was exerted on the cart? o The work on the cart in the above problem took one minute. How much power was used? o A 2 kg rock is moving at 5 m/s. How much KE does it have? o A 400 gram bird sits on a branch 13 m above the ground. How much gravitational potential energy does it have? o A lever with a mechanical advantage of 6 is used to lift a 9000 N boulder. How much force was applied to the lever?

Volume of a rectangular solid: o Find the volume of a box that measures 8.6 × 10² cm by 6.9 × 10² cm by 1.7 × 10³ cm.

Volume of an irregularly shaped object: o An athlete slips into a therapeutic tub that has 980 liters of water in it. The water level rises to 1120 liters. What is the volume of the athlete in liters?

Density calculations: o A helium balloon takes up 0.420 m³ of space. If the density of helium is 0.179 g/m³, what is the mass of the helium? o A toolbox measures 48 cm by 27 cm by 25 cm. If it has a mass of
16,300 g, what is the density of the toolbox? o A solid piece of iron has a mass of 450 kg. If the density of iron is
7870 kg/m³, what is the volume of the iron?

Pressure calculations: o A whirlpool bathtub has a bottom surface area of 8 m 2 . If the weight of the water in the tub is 39,000N, calculate the pressure on the bottom of the tub. o A car door has an approximate surface area of 1.5 m 2 . If the car is driven off the road and into a pond, the pressure of the water on the door when the car is 3 meters below the surface is 29,400 Pa. With how much force is the water pushing on the door?

Molar Mass calculations o Find the mass of 6.5 moles of tin. o How many moles are in 365 grams of aluminum carbonate —
Al
2
(CO
3
)
3
?

Atomic #, protons, electrons, neutrons, mass # calculations:
Symbol Atomic # Protons Electrons Neutrons Mass #
90
38
Sr
118 197
____ - 40 18

Balancing Chemical Equations o ___ C
2
H
6
O + ___ O
2

___ CO
2
+ ___ H
2
O o ___ CuCl
2
+ ___ Al

___ AlCl
3
+ ___ Cu o ___ Ba
3
(PO
4
)
2
+ ___ (NH
4
)
2
SO
4

___ BaSO
4
+ ___ (NH
4
)
3
PO
4

Writing Chemical Formulas o Fluorine and magnesium o Barium and phosphate ion

Naming Chemical Compounds o CaBr
2 o CCl
4
○ Chromium (II) and oxygen
○ Carbonate ion and aluminum
○ Al(C
2
H
3
O
2
)
3
○ Cu
3
(PO
4
)
2
○ ___ NaHCO
3

___ H
2
O + ___ CO
2
+ ___ Na
2
CO
3
○ ___ N
2
+ ___ H
2

___ NH
3

ADVANTAGE
ALKALI
ANION
ARCHIMEDES
ATOMIC
BERNOULLIS
CLOUD
COMBUSTION
COMPOUND
CONDENSATION
CONSERVATION
COVALENT
EXOTHERMIC
FIRST
FREEZING
FUSION
GROUP
HALOGENS
BOILING
BOYLES
BUOYANT
CATALYST
CRYSTALLINE
ELECTRON
ENDOTHERMIC
ENERGY
INCLINE
INHIBITOR
IONIC
ISOTOPES
CATION
CHARLES
ENZYME
EVAPORATION
1. _________________________
JOULES
KINETIC (2)
19. _________________________
2. _________________________
3. _________________________
20. _________________________
21. _________________________
4. _________________________
5. _________________________
22. _________________________
23. _________________________
6. _________________________
7. _________________________
8. _________________________
9. _________________________
10. _________________________
11. _________________________
12. _________________________
13. _________________________
14. _________________________
15. _________________________
16. _________________________
17. _________________________
18. _________________________
24. _________________________
25. _________________________
26. _________________________
27. _________________________
28. _________________________
29. _________________________
30. _________________________
31. _________________________
32. _________________________
33. _________________________
34. _________________________
35. _________________________
36. _________________________
LEVER
MASS
MECHANICAL
METAL
METALLOID
NEUTRON
NOBLE
NONPOLAR
NUCLEUS
NUMBER
PASCALS
PERIOD
37. _________________________
38. _________________________
39. _________________________
40. _________________________
41. _________________________
42. _________________________
43. _________________________
44. _________________________
45. _________________________
46. _________________________
47. _________________________
48. _________________________
49. _________________________
50. _________________________
51. _________________________
52. _________________________
53. _________________________
54. _________________________
PLASMA
POLAR
POLYATOMIC
POTENTIAL
POWER
PRESSURE
PRODUCTS
PROTON
PULLEY
REACTANT
SCREW
SECOND
SIMPLE
STABLE
SUBLIMATION
SYMBOL
TRANSITION
VALENCE
VAPORIZATION
WATTS
WEDGE
WHEEL
WORK
55. _________________________
56. _________________________
57. _________________________
58. _________________________
59. _________________________
60. _________________________
61. _________________________
62. _________________________
63. _________________________
64. _________________________
65. _________________________
66. _________________________
67. _________________________
68. _________________________
69. _________________________
70. _________________________
71. _________________________
72. _________________________