A&P Tutorial 2014 Exam 1C
Match the following chemical bonds to the correct description:
A) Nonpolar covalent bond
B) Hydrogen bond
C) Polar covalent bond
D) Ionic bond
1) A bond in which electrons are shared unequally.
2) A bond in which electrons are completely lost or gained by the atoms involved.
3) A bond in which electrons are shared equally.
4) A type of bond important in tying different parts of the same molecule together into a three-dimensional structure.
Match the following particles to the correct description:
A) Molecule
B) Cation
C) Neutron
D) Atom
5) Electrically charged particle due to loss of an electron.
6) Neutral subatomic particle.
7) Smallest particle of an element that retains its properties.
8) Smallest particle of a compound that still retains its properties.
True/False Questions
9) The atomic weight is only an average of relative weights of an atom and its isotopes, and it may vary from the weight of a specific isotope.
10) It is the difference in the R group that makes each amino acid chemically unique.
11) Chemical properties are determined primarily by neutrons.
12) A charged particle is generally called an ion or electrolyte.
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13) Isotopes differ from each other only in the number of electrons the atom contains.
Multiple Choice
14) Salts are always ________.
A) ionic compounds
B) single covalent compounds
C) double covalent compounds
D) hydrogen bonded
15) A chemical reaction in which bonds are broken is usually associated with ________.
A) the release of energy
B) the consumption of energy
C) a synthesis
D) forming a larger molecule
16) What level of protein synthesis is represented by the coiling of the protein chain backbone into an alpha helix?
A) primary structure
B) secondary structure
C) tertiary structure
D) quaternary structure
17) Carbohydrates and proteins are built up from their basic building blocks by the
________.
A) addition of a water molecule between each two units
B) addition of a carbon atom between each two units
C) removal of a water molecule between each two units
D) removal of a carbon atom between each two units
18) Choose the answer that best describes fibrous proteins.
A) rarely exhibit secondary structure
B) are very stable and insoluble in water
C) are usually called enzymes
D) are cellular catalysts
19) Select the most correct statement regarding nucleic acids.
A) Three forms exist: DNA, RNA, and tDNA.
B) DNA is a long, double-stranded molecule made up of A, T, G, and C bases.
C) RNA is a long, single-stranded molecule made up of the bases A, T, G, and C.
D) tDNA is considered a molecular slave of DNA during protein synthesis.
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20) Which of the following statements is false?
A) When acids and bases are mixed, they react with each other to form water and a salt.
B) The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution.
C) When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases.
D) The pH of blood is slightly basic.
Match the following:
A) Nucleus
B) Microtubules
C) Endoplasmic reticulum
D) Ribosomes
E) Nucleoli
21) Plays a role in the synthesis of steroid-based hormones and proteins.
22) The actual site of protein synthesis.
23) Hollow cytoskeletal elements that act as organizers for the cytoskeleton.
24) Dense spherical bodies in the nucleus that are the synthesis site for ribosomal RNA.
25) Houses DNA and RNA.
Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Integumentary
B) Muscular
C) Skeletal
D) Nervous
26) Directly causes mechanical motion.
27) Responds to environmental changes by transmitting electrical impulses.
28) Provides support and levers for muscles to pull
29) Protects underlying organs from environmental damage and synthesizes vitamin D.
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Match the following systems to their functions:
A) Lymphatic
B) Cardiovascular
C) Endocrine
D) Immune
30) Controls the body with chemical molecules called hormones.
31) Delivers oxygen and nutrients to the tissues.
32) Produces antibodies that attach to foreign substances.
33) Removes and filters excess fluid from tissues.
Match the following examples of feedback mechanisms:
A) Positive feedback
B) Negative feedback
34) Used for changes in blood glucose levels
35) Used for changes in blood pressure
36) Used for blood clotting
37) Used for childbirth
Multiple Choice
38) Histology would be best defined as a study of ________.
A) cells
B) tissues
C) cell chemistry
D) the gross structures of the body
39) The study of large body structures, visible to the naked eye, such as the heart is called
________ anatomy.
A) microscopic
B) gross
C) developmental
D) systemic
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40) An increased rate of breathing as a result of an increased buildup of carbon dioxide in the bloodstream would be best described as an example of ________.
A) maintaining boundaries
B) excretion of metabolic waste
C) responsiveness
D) metabolism
T/F
41) Microtubules are hollow tubes made of subunits of the protein tubulin.
42) Nitric oxide is known to be the first gas to act as a biological messenger.
43) The speed of individual particle diffusion is influenced by temperature and particle size, not by concentration.
44) Concentration differences cause ionic imbalances that polarize the cell membrane, and active transport processes.
Match the following:
A) Transfer RNA
B) Synthetase enzymes
C) Ribosomal RNA
D) ATP
E) Messenger RNA
45) Forms part of the protein synthesis site in the cytoplasm.
46) Act as "interpreter" molecules that recognize specific amino acids and nucleotide base sequences.
47) Attaches the correct amino acid to its transfer RNA.
48) Provides the energy needed for synthesis reactions.
49) Produced in the nucleus, this molecule specifies the exact sequence of amino acids of the protein to be made.
50) May be attached to the ER or scattered in the cytoplasm.
T/F
51) In osmosis, movement of water occurs toward the solution with the lower solute
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concentration.
52) The genetic information is coded in DNA by the regular alternation of sugar and phosphate molecules.
53) A process by which large particles may be taken into the protection of the body by invaders like bacteria, or for disposing of old or dead cells is called phagocytosis.
54) The orderly sequence of the phases of mitosis is prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.
55) Diffusion movement always occurs from areas of greater to areas of lesser concentration.
Multiple Choice
56) Which of the following describes the plasma membrane?
A) a single-layered membrane that surrounds the nucleus of the cell
B) a double layer of protein enclosing the plasma
C) a phospholipid bilayer surrounding the cell
D) a membrane composed of tiny shelves or cristae
57) Which of these is not a function of the plasma membrane?
A) It is selectively permeable but permits water and gases to cross.
B) It prevents potassium ions from leaking out and sodium ions from crossing into the cell.
C) It acts as a site of cell-to-cell interaction and recognition.
D) It encloses the cell contents in such a way that water I the body is divided into separate compartments.
58) Which structures are fingerlike projections that greatly increase the absorbing surface of cells?
A) stereocilia
B) microvilli
C) primary cilia
D) flagella
59) Which of the following statements is correct regarding net diffusion?
A) The rate is independent of temperature.
B) The greater the concentration gradient, the faster the rate.
C) Molecular weight of a substance does not affect the rate.
D) The lower the temperature, the faster the rate.
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60) Which of the following is a function of a plasma membrane protein?
A) circulating antibody
B) molecular transport through the membrane
C) forms a lipid bilayer
D) oxygen transport
Xtra Credit (1 point each)
1) You notice that you cannot read your book through a test tube of patient fluid held against the print, making it so blurred as to be unreadable. There is no precipitant in the bottom of the beaker, though it has been sitting for several days in a rack. What type of liquid is this?
A) solution
B) suspension
C) colloid
D) mixture
2) Which type of cell junction acts as anchors and distributes tension through a cellular sheet and reduces the chance of tearing when it is subjected to great mechanical stress?
A) gap junctions
B) desmosomes
C) connexons
D) tight junctions
3) Which transport process is the main mechanism for the movement of most macromolecules by body cells?
A) phagocytosis
B) pinocytosis
C) receptor-mediated endocytosis
D) secondary active transport
4) Which of the following statements is false?
A) When acids and bases are mixed, they react with each other to form water and a salt.
B) The more hydrogen ions in a solution, the more acidic the solution.
C) When the hydrogen ion concentration decreases, the hydroxyl ion concentration also decreases.
D) The pH of blood is slightly basic.
5) Select which reactions will usually be irreversible regarding chemical equilibrium in human bodies.
A) glucose to CO2 and H2O
B) ADP + Pi to make ATP
C) H2O + CO2 to make H2CO3
D) glucose molecules joined to make glycogen
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