Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________ Vocabulary: 1) Lithosphere: The part of earth that consists of the crust and upper mantle. 2) Plate: Sections of the lithosphere that move around. 3) Subduction: When one plate sinks beneath another because of density differences. 4) Fault: A crack in Earth’s crust 5) Isostasy: This says the lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere. 6) Convection: Heat transfer because of temperature differences. This is important because this heating happens in the mantle, and scientists have theorized that this is why plates move. 7) Seismic wave: Energy waves that travel through the earth because of earthquakes. 8) Seismograph: A tool used to measure earthquakes. 9) Magnitude: A measurement of how big an earthquake is 10) Chemical weathering: Chemical weathering occurs when the chemical composition of rock changes. 11) Mechanical weathering: Mechanical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces without changing them chemically. 12) Erosion: Erosion is the wearing away and removal of rock or sediment. Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________ Boundary Name Convergent Definition A boundary where two plates collide. Divergent A boundary where two plates separate. Transform A boundary where plates slide past each other. What occurs here? *Mountains (Continental+Continental plate) *Subduction (Continental + Oceanic or Oceanic + Oceanic) *Volcano formation (Continental +Continental or Oceanic + Oceanic) *Trench (If subduction occurs) *Crust is destroyed (If subduction occurs) *New crust forms *New oceans can form *Volcanoes *Rift valleys *Earthquakes *Faults Draw a picture of the earth and label the four layers. How do plants and animals affect the lithosphere? Plants and animals can cause mechanical weathering of the lithosphere. Plant roots also produce acids that chemically weather rocks of the lithosphere. Living organisms also help with soil development. Why do plates move? One theory of plate movement is convection in the mantle. Because the crust is on top of the mantle, this movement of heat from hot to cooler areas causes the crust to move also. Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________ What’s the difference between weathering and erosion? Weathering is the breaking down of rocks either chemically or mechanically, and erosion is the moving of these particles through wind, rain, gravity, or ice. What is the “Ring of Fire” and where is it located? The “Ring of Fire” is located in the Pacific Ocean, and it is an area with the majority of Earth’s volcanic and earthquake activity. What are the four agents of erosion? Wind, water, gravity, and ice What is soil made of? Organic matter (made of living or once living organisms), weathered rock, water, and air Mountain Type Folded mountain How is it formed? Folded mountains are formed from colliding plates. Picture and/or Location Example Appalachians Dome mountain Dome mountains form from a force pushing up inside the earth. Black Hills Fault-block mountain Huge, tilted pieces of rock separated by faults, which have been pulled down by gravity. Tetons Volcanic mountain Volcanic mountains are formed when layers of lava build up over time. Many volcanoes are formed at subduction zones. Mt. Saint Helens Give three or more examples of mechanical weathering. 1) 2) 3) 4) Ice wedging Plants Water Temperature Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________ Give two or more examples of chemical weathering. 1) 2) 3) 4) Reacting with natural acids from the environment Plant acids Oxygen Acid rain