Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________
Vocabulary:
1) Lithosphere: The part of earth that consists of the crust and upper mantle.
2) Plate: Sections of the lithosphere that move around.
3) Subduction: When one plate sinks beneath another because of density differences.
4) Fault: A crack in Earth’s crust
5) Isostasy: This says the lithosphere floats on the asthenosphere.
6) Convection: Heat transfer because of temperature differences. This is important because this
heating happens in the mantle, and scientists have theorized that this is why plates move.
7) Seismic wave: Energy waves that travel through the earth because of earthquakes.
8) Seismograph: A tool used to measure earthquakes.
9) Magnitude: A measurement of how big an earthquake is
10) Chemical weathering: Chemical weathering occurs when the chemical composition of rock
changes.
11) Mechanical weathering: Mechanical weathering breaks rock into smaller pieces without
changing them chemically.
12) Erosion: Erosion is the wearing away and removal of rock or sediment.
Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________
Boundary Name
Convergent
Definition
A boundary where two plates
collide.
Divergent
A boundary where two plates
separate.
Transform
A boundary where plates slide
past each other.
What occurs here?
*Mountains (Continental+Continental plate)
*Subduction (Continental + Oceanic or
Oceanic + Oceanic)
*Volcano formation
(Continental +Continental or
Oceanic + Oceanic)
*Trench (If subduction occurs)
*Crust is destroyed (If subduction occurs)
*New crust forms
*New oceans can form
*Volcanoes
*Rift valleys
*Earthquakes
*Faults
Draw a picture of the earth and label the four layers.
How do plants and animals affect the lithosphere?
Plants and animals can cause mechanical weathering of the lithosphere. Plant roots also produce acids
that chemically weather rocks of the lithosphere. Living organisms also help with soil development.
Why do plates move?
One theory of plate movement is convection in the mantle. Because the crust is on top of the mantle,
this movement of heat from hot to cooler areas causes the crust to move also.
Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________
What’s the difference between weathering and erosion?
Weathering is the breaking down of rocks either chemically or mechanically, and erosion is the moving
of these particles through wind, rain, gravity, or ice.
What is the “Ring of Fire” and where is it located?
The “Ring of Fire” is located in the Pacific Ocean, and it is an area with the majority of Earth’s volcanic
and earthquake activity.
What are the four agents of erosion?
Wind, water, gravity, and ice
What is soil made of?
Organic matter (made of living or once living organisms), weathered rock, water, and air
Mountain Type
Folded mountain
How is it formed?
Folded mountains are formed from
colliding plates.
Picture and/or Location Example
Appalachians
Dome mountain
Dome mountains form from a force
pushing up inside the earth.
Black Hills
Fault-block mountain
Huge, tilted pieces of rock separated by
faults, which have been pulled down by
gravity.
Tetons
Volcanic mountain
Volcanic mountains are formed when
layers of lava build up over time. Many
volcanoes are formed at subduction
zones.
Mt. Saint Helens
Give three or more examples of mechanical weathering.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Ice wedging
Plants
Water
Temperature
Name: ___KEY__________________________________________________
Give two or more examples of chemical weathering.
1)
2)
3)
4)
Reacting with natural acids from the environment
Plant acids
Oxygen
Acid rain