Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
Chemistry
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Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
1
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
1- This is an easy way to work out the charge on an ion:
Group
Charge
on Ion
1
+1
2
+2
13
+3
14
No Ions
15
–3
16
–2
17
–1
18
No Ions
Share 4
Now use the periodic table of elements to write the chemical formula for
the following compounds: “the first one is made for you”
Barium Sulphide
2
2
Ba
S  Ba2S2  BaS
Calcium sulphide
CaS
Sodium oxide
Na2O
Lithium fluoride
LiF
Carbon dioxide
CO2
Magnesium bromide
MgBr2
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
2
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
2- Use the periodic table to find the position of the following element.
Element
Symbol
Group
Period
Charge on
ion
Valencey
Ca
2
4
+2
2
3
+1
1
1- Calcium
2- Sodium
Na
1
3- Fluorine
F
17
2
-1
1
4-Aluminum
Al
13
3
+3
3
5-Phosphours
P
15
3
-3
3
6-Chlorine
Cl
17
3
-1
1
7- Nitrogen
N
15
2
-3
3
8- Sulphur
S
16
3
-2
2
9- Carbon
C
14
2
No
charge
OR
4
+4
10- Helium
He
18
1
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
0
0
3
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
3- Circle 5 metals and 5 nonmetals on the periodic table:
4- Write the formula of 3 covalent compounds and 3 ionic compounds.
Covalent
H2O, CO2, HCl, H2S, HF, SO2,NO3,…
Ionic
MgCl2, AgCl, NaF, NaCl, KI, KCl,
MgO. …
5- Choose the correct completion for each statement:
1- When two atoms have difference in Electronegativity values great enough
to separate them, the bond formed between the two atoms is likely to be,
a- polar covalent
b- ionic
b- nonpolar covalent
c- nonpolar ionic
2- When the bonding electrons make equal electron clouds around the
bonded atoms, the bond formed is likely to be,
a- polar covalent
c- ionic
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
b- nonpolar covalent
d- nonpolar ionic
4
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
3- When atoms share bonding electrons unequally, the bond formed is
likely to be,
a- polar covalent
b- nonpolar covalent
c- ionic
d- nonpolar ionic
4- A compound in which atoms are added individually forming a compound
with millions of atoms is,
a- water
b- potassium iodide
c- carbon dioxide
d- nitrogen dioxide
6- Write the suitable charge over each atoms in the compounds:
0
+
+
_
+
+
-
HCl
-
0
0
H2
LiCl
Write the chemical formula for each of the above compounds (H2, HCl, and LiCl)
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
5
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
7- Use the Electronegativity table to tell the type of bond formed in the
following compounds.
Compound
Electronegativity difference)
Bond type
ZnI2
2.5 - 1.5 = 1
Weak polar
ZnCl2
3- 1.5 = 1.5
Strong polar
ZnF2
4 – 1.5 = 2.5
Ionic
CdBr2
CdF2
MgI2
Na F
CCl4
AlCl3
8- Complete the following statements using the given words:
(greatest – hydrogen – fluorine – dipole – highest – lowest – strength )
1- A molecule in which one end has a partial positive charge and the other
has a partial negative charge is called a dipole
2- Fluorine is a non metal with the highest electronegativity, while hydrogen
is a nonmetal with the lowest electronegativity.
3- In hydrogen fluoride molecule (HF), hydrogen. atom has a partial positive
charge δ+ , but fluorine atom has a partial negative charge δ-.
4- The greater the electronegativity difference, the greatest the polarity of
that bond.
5- As the bond becomes more polar its strength becomes greater.
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
6
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
9- Define each of the following:
Intermolecular forces ….…………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………................
Intramolecular forces ….…………………………………………………………….
………………………………………………………………………………................
Dipole …………………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Electronegativity
………………………………………………………………………………..............
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Induced dipole ………………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
Van der Waal’s forces ………………………………………………………………
…………………………………………………………………………………………
10- Give reasons:
- Intramolecular forces are much stronger than intermolecular
forces.
Because, in case of intra molecular bonding, there is an electron cloud
among the whole molecule due to electron sharing of valence electrons,
but intermolecular forces are forces of attraction between opposite
poles.
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
7
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
-
There are no intermolecular forces in ionic compounds.
Because in ionic compounds, ions are added individually to make a
giant structure of milliond of atoms, so there are no separate
molecules.
-
Water “H2O” is liquid at room temperature while CO2 is gas.
Because in case of water, hydrogen bonds are formed between O in
one molecule and hydrogen in another.
11- label the opposite diagram of HCl
dipole
Dipole-dipole
OR
Van der Waal’s force
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
8
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
12- Determine the EN and bond type for:
HF………………………………………………………..
HI………………………………………………………..
HBr………………………………………………………..
HCl………………………………………………………..
Which of the above compounds have the lowest boiling point?
HCl
13- Complete the following table:
Covalent
compound
Symbol
Boiling point
State at room
temperature
Sulphur dioxide
SO2
-10°C
gas
Carbon dioxide
CO2
-78 °C
Gas
Water
H2O
100°C
liquid
14- What are the physical properties of liquid water at room
temperature?
1- Liquid
2- High boiling point
3- Has surface tension
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
9
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
15- Look at the following diagrams for a sheet of protein and DNA then
answer the questions below:
Strands
-
What holds the strands in a protein sheet and in a DNA macro molecule?
Hydrogen bonding
What is the importance of hydrogen bonding to the structure of protein and
nucleic acid DNA?
Holds the strands od DNA or amino acid molecules to form giant
structures
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
10
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
Electron pair repulsion of in small compounds
lone pair
nitrogen atom
Nitrogen tri fluoride NF3
trigonal pyramidal
ammonia NH3
These are the stereo shapes of water molecule according to the repulsion of the
2 lone pairs of electrons.
Assignment:
lone pairs.
make a stereo model for one of the small compounds showing the repulsion of the
(5 marks)
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
11
Raba’a AL-Adawiya Secondary Girls Independent School
Complete the mind map:
Van der Waal's forces
(intermolecular forces)
Permanent
Instantaneous
.........dipole-dipole.........
induced dipole
Example
Example
HCl, HF,
hydrogen bonding
I2, F2, Cl2, He
Example
H2O / HF / HCl
Unit 1 – Chemical bonding and intermolecular forces
Grade 11 Chemistry
2009- 2010
Ms. Amany Ibrahim
12