Reconstructing Abstracts
Re-arrange the sentences to form the original abstracts.
Paper 1:
A. These findings, together with results obtained using a number of recombinant
synucleins, showed a correlation between fibrillogenesis and mean beta-strand
propensity, hydrophilicity and charge of the amino acid sequences.
B. Deletion of residues 73-83 from alpha-synuclein did not abolish filament formation.
Furthermore, a chimera of beta-synuclein with alpha-synuclein(73-83) inserted was
significantly less fibrillogenic than wild-type alpha-synuclein.
C. The combination of these simple physicochemical properties with a previously
described calculation of beta-strand contiguity allowed us to design mutations that
changed the fibrillogenic propensity of alpha-synuclein in predictable ways.
D. These filaments are amyloid fibrils that are made of the protein alpha-synuclein,
which is genetically linked to rare cases of PD and DLB. beta-Synuclein, which shares
60% identity with alpha-synuclein, is not found in the inclusions.
E. It has been suggested that this may be due to the lack in beta-synuclein of a
hydrophobic region that spans residues 73-83 of alpha-synuclein.
F. Parkinson's disease (PD) and dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB) are characterized by
the presence of filamentous inclusions in nerve cells.
G. Here, fibril assembly of recombinant human alpha-synuclein, alpha-synuclein
deletion mutants, beta-synuclein and beta/alpha-synuclein chimeras was assayed
quantitatively by thioflavin T fluorescence and semi-quantitatively by transmission
electron microscopy.
H. Furthermore, while recombinant alpha-synuclein readily assembles into amyloid
fibrils, beta-synuclein fails to do so
Paper 2:
A. Our results revealed that the Russulaceae species display a great diversity with
several putative new species, especially in Guinea.
B. However, the ecology of tropical ECM fungi is poorly documented, limiting our
understanding of the symbiotic associations between tropical plants and fungi.
C. Five clades were recovered corresponding to six taxonomic groups: boletoids,
sclerodermatoids, russuloids, thelephoroids, and a clade grouping the Amanitaceae and
Tricholomataceae families.
D. Ectomycorrhizal (ECM) fungi have a worldwide distribution.
E. Other taxonomic issues at family/section levels are also briefly discussed.
F. This study provides preliminary insights into taxonomic diversity, ECM status, and
biogeographic patterns of ECM fungi in tropical two rain forest ecosystems, which
appear to be as diverse as in temperate and boreal forests.
G. ECM Basidiomycete diversity was investigated for the first time in two tropical rain
forests in Africa (Western Upper Guinea) and in Asia (Western Ghats, India), using a
fragment of the mitochondrial large subunit rRNA gene to type 140 sporocarps and 54
ectomycorrhizas.
H. To evaluate taxonomic diversity, phylogenetic analyses were performed, and 40
sequences included from identified European specimens were used as taxonomic
benchmarks.
Paper 3:
A. Using Cre-lox conditional knockout mice, we demonstrate that lipoprotein receptor
LRP1 expression regulates apoE and cholesterol levels within the CNS.
B. Mutations in the amyloid precursor protein (APP) cause early-onset Alzheimer's
disease (AD), but the only genetic risk factor for late-onset AD is the ɛ4 allele of
apolipoprotein E (apoE), a major cholesterol carrier.
C. Together, our findings support that the γ-secretase cleavage of APP plays a central
role in regulating apoE and cholesterol metabolism in the CNS via LRP1 and establish a
biological linkage between APP and apoE, the two major genetic determinants of AD.
D. We also found that deletion of APP and its homolog APLP2, or components of the γsecretase complex, significantly enhanced the expression and function of LRP1, which
was reversed by forced expression of the APP intracellular domain (AICD).
E. We further show that AICD, together with Fe65 and Tip60, interacts with the LRP1
promoter and suppresses its transcription.
Paper 4:
A. The secretion of ß -1,3-endoglucanases and/or proteases appeared to have less
significance than endochitinases in the biological control of P. lycopersici.
B. Analysis of the mechanisms involved in biocontrol showed that the formation of nonvolatile metabolites appears to be one of those involved in biocontrol of P. lycopersici by
all T. harzianum isolates tested.
C. Four isolates of Trichoderma harzianum (ThN3, Th11, Th12 and Th16) were selected
for their ability to control the in vitro development of the tomato root pathogen
Pyrenochaeta lycopersici.
D. Nevertheless, the higher secretion of chitinases, both in number of isoenzymes and
activity by the Th11 strain, correlated well with its higher ability to control this agent in
laboratory and greenhouse experiments as compared to the other T. harzianum isolates
tested.