Karyotypes
Vooraf ; enkele opmerkingen over " speciale" karyotypes
1.- Wikipedia. Genoomverdubbeling gaat , volgens mij , in één keer. Ook weet ik wel dat chromosoomverdubbelingen bij zoogdieren voorkomen, en er zijn soorten met
verschillende karyotypen (= verschillende aantallen chromosomen), zoals de muntjak.
Organisme
Neurospora
14
Corn 20
Pad (Bufo
americans)22
Boon 22
kikker (Rana
pipiens) 26
kat
huiskat 38
http://www.stanford.edu/group/neurospora/UsefulPDFs/PerkinsChromosomes92.pdf
http://www.broadinstitute.org/annotation/genome/neurospora/neurospora.html
Rhesus aapje
42
46
mens
Figure 1: Normal Chromosome Set (2n)
http://www.treatgene.com/what-is-chromosome/
Primates karyotype evolution tree
http://www.riverapes.com/Me/Work/HumanHybridisationTheory.htm
Tabak
48
schaap
54
Rund
60
paard
64
Goudvis
100
http://www.grisda.org/origins/13009.htm
CHROMOSOME BANDING AND EVOLUTION
L. James Gibson
Geoscience Research Institute
Aantal Chromosomen(2n ) & Karyotype in lichaamscellen
Zoogdieren
http://www.kumc.edu/gec/prof/cytogene.html http://www.hhmi.org/biointeractive/gender/pdf/xsandoscards.pdf
kangoeroe 22
The tammar wallaby karyotype (2 n = 16) consists of 7 autosomes and the two sex chromosomes. [4]
reuzenkangoeroe 22
mol 34
huismuis 40
Normal_Mus_musculus_karyotype.jpg (Normal Mus musculus karyotype)
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/genome/guide/mouse/n http://www.informatics.jax.org/mgihome/other/mouse_facts4.shtml
Composite mouse karyotype illustrating fluorescence signals from simultaneous hybridization of BACs linked to genetic markers
defining the centromeric and telomeric ends of the genetic maps. Centromeric clones are shown in red; telomeric clones in green.
http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC310771/
http://images.google.be/images?q=Karyotype%20mouse&hl=nl&lr=&sa=N&tab=wi
rat 42
https://www.google.be/search?hl=nl&q=karyotype+rat&bav=on.2,or.r_gc.r_pw.&biw=1360&bih=644&wrapid=tlif134420040947410&um=1&ie=UTF8&tbm=isch&source=og&sa=N&tab=wi&ei=5t4eUOX2J5C1hAeEoIGoAw
Siberische tijger 38
varken 38
goudhamster 44
konijn 44
vleermuis (Myotis) 44
egel 48
haas 48
kapucijnaap 54
rund 60
cavia 64
paard 64 http://www.vgl.ucdavis.edu/equine/caballus/
HORSE MAP VIEWER
http://www.fiu.edu/~milesk/toc.html
hond 78
Chromosome aberrations in canine multicentric lymphomas detected with comparative genomic hybridisation and a panel of single locus probes
R Thomas, K C Smith, E A Ostrander, F Galibert and M Breen
Figure 3.
Previous figure | Figure and tables index
Composite of CGH profiles from 25 canine lymphoma cases.
The DAPI-banded ideogram of Breen et al (1999a) is displayed. For each case, genomic gains and losses are shown as green and red bars to
the right and left of each chromosome, respectively. Each vertical bar represents a site of genomic imbalance in a single case (cases are
identified at the top or bottom of red/green bars), and demonstrates the physical extent of the chromosome over which the aberration was
detected. The evolutionarily conserved chromosome segments shared with the human karyotype (taken from Breen et al, 2001) are identified
with coloured bars to the far left of each chromosome.
http://www.nature.com/bjc/journal/v89/n8/full/6601275a.html
http://www.humangenetik.uni-bremen.de/HundegenetikEng.html
Karyotype of a dog (Canis familiaris)
Breen, Matthew, PhD. C.Biol. M.I.Biol
Associate Professor of Genomics
Canine Karyotpye
The genome of the dog is estimated to be approximately 2.5 billion bases in size. This genetic
information is divided into 78 chromosome - 38 pairs of acrocentric (single-armed) autosomes
and a pair of sex chromosomes. In females both sex chromosomes are X chromosomes and in
males there is one X chromosome and one Y chromosome. A typical chromosome preparation
(at the metaphase stage of mitosis) from a male dog is shown below. In this preparation, the
chromosomes have been banded to allow identification of chroimosome pairs.
Using multicolor FISH we are able to conclusively identify each chromosome pair and generate a karyotype
of the above cell, as shown below.
NC State College of Veterinary Medicine
Molecular Biomedical Sciences
4700 Hillsborough Street
Raleigh, NC 27606
919-513-6220
Zie ook : Hondenschedel uit Waalse grot is oudste ter wereld
RODE VOS
http://dels-old.nas.edu/ilar_n/ilarjournal/39_2_3/39_2_3Fox.shtml
FIGURE 1
Gene map of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) contains 35 biochemical loci. Gene symbol abbreviations are as follows: HPRT, hypoxanthine phosphoribosyl
transferase; IDH1, isocitrate dehydrogenase-1; ITPA, inosine triphosphatase; LDHA, lactate dehydrogenase A; LDHB, lactate dehydrogenase B; ME1, malic
enzyme-1; MDH1, malate dehydrogenase-1 (NAD dependent); MDH2, malate dehydrogenase-2 (NAD dependent); MPI, mannose phosphate isomerase; NOR,
nucleolar organizer region; NP, purine nucleoside phosphorylase; OTC, ornithine carbamoyltransferase; PEPA, peptidase A; PGD, 6-phosphogluconate
dehydrogenase; PGM 1, phosphoglucomutase- 1; PGP, phosphoglycolate phosphatase; PRNP, prion protein; PP, inorganic pyrophosphatase; SST,
somatostatin peptide.
FIGURE 2 Syntenic genes and similar patterns of GTG banding on human, mink, cat, and fox chromosomes. The short arm of human chromosome 1 (HSA1p),
the long arm of mink chromosome 2 (MVI2q), and the short arm of cat chromosome C1 (FCA C1p) exhibit similar banding patterns. Regional assignments of
homologous genes are as follows: PGM1, PGD, ENO1 to HSA1p; the homologous mink genes to MVI2q; and the cat genes homologous to PGM1 and PGD to
FCA C1. The human PGD and ENO1 genes are located very close to each other. In the fox, PGD was assigned to chromosome 2 (VVU2), but ENO1 and PGM1
were assigned to chromosome 12 (VVU12). The fox is the only known species to have these genes asyntenic. No region similar to Hsap1p, MVI2q, or FCA C1p
was found on VVU2 or VVU12, nor was such a region found on MVI8 (containing the MDH 1, ACP1, ITPA, ADA genes), FCA A3 (the MDH1, ACP1, ITPA, ADA
genes), HSA2p (containing the MDH1, ACP1 genes), or fox chromosomes VVU8 (containing the ACP1 gene), and VVU16 (containing the MDH1 gene). MVI8 and
FCA A3 exhibit excellent banding pattern homology over the entire respective chromosomes. It is likely that they contain a region of homology with part of
HSA2p. No region of similar banding was found on VVU16 or VVU8 (Rubtsov and others 1988).
sea otter, Enhydra lutris= 38 chromosomes,
http://placentation.ucsd.edu/seaotter.htm
Karyotypes of male and female sea otters (from Hsu & Benirschke, 1971).
Grevy's Zebra : 46 chromosomes,
Plains Zebra : 44 chromosomes
Mountain Zebra has : 32 chromosomes
http://wiki.answers.com/Q/How_much_chromosomes_does_a_zebra_have
Vogels
duif 80
eend 80
gans 80
huismus 76
kanarie 80
kip 78
merel 80
reiger 68
wilde gans 80
Reptielen
adder 36
alligator 32
aspisadder 42
hazelworm 44
karetschildpad 58
moerasschildpad 50
zandhagedis 38
Amfibieën
anura
Amazonian Engystomops (Anura; Leiuperidae
http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1055790309004126
Fig. 2. Karyotypes of male specimens of Engystomops petersi from Puyo (A) stained with Giemsa, (B) submitted to the Ag–NOR technique, (E) Cbanded, (F) DAPI-stained (top) and MM-stained (bottom), (G) DAPI-stained (top) and MM-stained (bottom) after C-banding technique. The insets in
(A, B and E) show the homomorphic and the heteromorphic pair XX from the females ZUEC 34939 (A and B), ZUEC 34935 (E) and ZUEC 34937,
respectively. (C) NOR-bearing chromosomes of a female hybridized with the rDNA probe HM 123. Note that some heterochromatic regions clearly
evidenced by Ag–NOR in (B) are not detected in (C). (D) NOR-bearing chromosomes of the male QCAZ 34940 after the Ag–NOR technique (left) and
hybridized with the rDNA probe HM 123 (right). Note the additional NOR in one homologue 9. (H) Giemsa-stained karyotype from the Puyo female
QCAZ 34935 with 2n = 23. The arrow points the trissomic set. In the insets, chromosome 8 after the Ag–NOR technique (left) and C-banding (right).
Bar = 2 μm.
Fig. 4. Cytogenetics of the Yasuní specimen QCAZ 30826. (A) Karyotype submitted to C-banding. (B) Karyotype after Ag–NOR staining. The NORs were
pointed by arrows. (C) Mitotic metaphase hybridized with the rDNA probe HM 123 and stained with propidium iodide. Note that some heterochromatic
regions seen in A are clearly detected by the Ag–NOR method. (D) X chromosome hybridized with the HM123 probe and stained with DAPI (left). In
the right, only the DAPI-stained. (E) X chromosome after C-banding. (F) X chromosome after the Ag–NOR technique. Note the presence of three NOR
blocks in (B and F), separated by heterochromatic regions (E).
axolotl 28
boomkikker 24
bruine kikker 26
Cycloramphus
Fig. 1. Giemsa-stained karyotypes of (a) Cycloramphus acangatan, (b) C. boraceiensis, (c) C. brasiliensis, (d) C. carvalhoi, (e) C. eleutherodactylus
from São Paulo, (f) C. eleutherodactylus from Paraná, (g) C. fuliginosus, (h) C. lutzorum, and (i) C. rhyakonastes. Bar = 10 μm.
geelbuikvuurpad 22
gewone pad 22
groene kikker 26
kamsalamander 24
knoflookpad 26
rugstreeppad 22
vroedmeesterpad 36
vuursalamander 24
Vissen
goudvis 94
guppy 48
karper 104
kathaai 24
prik 174
snoek 18
Tetraodon nigroviridis,
http://scienceblogs.com/pharyngula/2006/06/08/pufferfish-and-ancestral-genom/
walvishaai 24
echte zalmen
zwaarddrager 48
Schedellozen
Lancetvisje 24
Ongewervelde dieren
bidsprinkhaan (m) 27
brede bloedzuiger 26
Callimenus (=Bradyporus) macrogaster macrogaster
Figure 1.
Male karyotype of Callimenus macrogaster
Drosophila 8
bron ; http://rationalrevolution.net/articles/understanding_evolution.htm
geelgerande watertor 38
honingbij (?) 32
Chromosomal spreads, ideogram and karyotype of Apis mellifera.
The ideogram (in blue) shows average chromosome lengths, positions and sizes of DAPI-positive (heterochromatin) bands. The percentage of
heterochromatin reflects the time of appearance of heterochromatic bands (100% observed in all preparations; lower percentages seen only in early
prophase spreads). Lines to the right of chromosomes represent BACs shown by FISH to bind in relative order and positions predicted from the genetic
and physical maps. Binding sites of rDNA probes (distal short arms of chromosomes 6 and 12) are shown in red. The karyotype (below the ideogram)
is based on the rightmost spread.
http://www.nature.com/nature/journal/v443/n7114/fig_tab/nature05260_F2.html
HOOIWAGEN
GAGRELLOPSIS NODULIFERA (ARACHNIDA: OPILIONES)
http://www.bioone.org/doi/abs/10.1554/0014-3820(2000)054%5B0176:SCIAHZ%5D2.0.CO%3B2
Six representative karyotypes of males of Gagrellopsis noduliferacollected in the Ashizu transect. Diploid numbers are represented together with the number of
trivalents (in parentheses) found in the karyotypes. Triangles denote columns of chromosomes showing interkaryotypic variation. Scale bar = 5μm
hoofdluis 12
huisspin (?) 43
huisvlieg 12
inktvis (Sepia) 12
kakkerlak (?) 47
koolwitje 30
kruisspin 14
leverbot 12
libel (Aeschna) 26
meeltor 20
Mieren
Figure 1.
Karyotype of female workers ofAzteca trigona 2n = 28 sorted according to the classification proposed by Imai (1991) aConventional staining using Giemsab C-banding
showing the distribution of heterochromatin.
oorkwal 20
pissebed 32
regenworm 32
schapenteek 28
schorpioen (Buthus) 14
spin (Aranea) 14
spoelworm 2
spons (Sycon) 2
sprinkhaan 14
steekmug (Culex) 6
treksprinkhaan (? ) 23
tuinslak 48
vuurwants 24
watervlo 20
wijngaardslak 54
zee-egel (Paracentrotus) 36
zeester 36
http://www.ensembl.org.