13 Colonies Notes
Massachusetts
 Founding
o John Winthrop founded it in 1630
o Algonquin language- “At or about the great hill”
o Religious purposes
o Find gold and other crops
 Region
o New England
 New Hampshire
 Vermont
 Massachusetts
 Connecticut
 Rhode Island
 Colonial Cities
o Boston (capital)
o Quincy
o Plymouth
o Salem
o Lexington
o Concord
 Major Industries- variety of resources for:
o Agriculture
 Fishing
 Corn
 Livestock
o Manufacturing
 Lumbering
 Shipbuilding
 Famous Colonial People
o John Winthrop
o Thomas Dudley
o Anne Hutchinson
o Samuel Adams
o John Hancock
 Native Americans in the Region
o Algonquin Indians
o Mohegan
o Pequot- went into war with Puritans
o After first war Pequots accepted into Massachusetts
o Narragansett
 Africans in the Region
o First colony to hold slaves- after Pequot War (1637)
 Women and children
 Traded for African slaves
o Laborers for merchants
o 1773- slaves petition in hopes of abolishing slavery
o Slave population rose
o Larger portion of black population was free
New Jersey
 Founding
o 1664
o Proprietor
o Named after British island on New Jersey
 Founders
o Giovanni de Verrazano
o Lord Berkley
o Sir George Carteret
 Reasons for Founding
o Religious freedom
o Profit
o Trade
 Region
o Middle Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Princeton
o Trenton
 Major Industries
o Manufacture iron products (plows, tools, kettles, locks, nails, large blocks of iron)
o Export agricultural products and natural resources (cattle, grain, rice, indigo,
wheat)
 Famous Colonial People
o Giovanni de Verrazano
 Native Americans
o Lenni-Lenape
 Africans
o Aggressive about slaves
o Laws created against/for blacks- slave codes (established to control slaves’
behavior and minimize possibilities for uprisings)
o Black people forbidden from owning land
Connecticut
 Founding
o January 9,1788
o Charter colony
o “Beside the long tidal river”
o Thomas Hooker
o Political and religious freedom after harsh disagreement with the Massachusetts
Bay
 Region
o New England colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Hartford
o New Haven
o Windsor
o Wetherfield
 Major Industries
o Shipbuilding
o Manufacture and export of rum
 Famous Colonial People
o Benedict Arnold
o Jonathan Edwards
 Native Americans
o Mohawks
o Pequot
o Mohegan
o Nipmuc
o Mahican
o Munsee
o Narragansett
 Africans
o Enslaved African labor- expansion of farms to turn into large agricultural
production/expansion of local markets
o Amistad Revolt- slaves vs lower class whites
Georgia
 Founding
o 1732
o Royal colony
o Named after King George II
o Founded by James Oglethorpe
o Reduce prisoners in England- give them a new start at life
 Region
o Catholic
 Colonial Cities
o Savannah
 Major Industries
o Agriculture
 Indigo
 Rice
 Sugar
 Famous Colonial People
o James Oglethorpe
o Robert Castell
o Tomochichi
o King George II
o Mary Musgrove
o Sam Nunes
o German Salzburgers
o William Stephens
o John Reynolds
o Henry Ellis
o James Wright
 Native Americans
o Creek Indians
o Complex political alliance
o Trade encouraged closer cultural ties
o Traders take up Creeks land
 Africans
o Originally slavery prohibited
o Spanish presence in Florida- slavery threatened the military security of the
colony
o Slavery legalized
Rhode Island
 Founding
o 1636
o Charter colony- chartered to trading to the crown
o Named after islands of Rhodes in the Mediterranean
o Roger Williams
 Region
o New England
 Colonial Cities
o Providence
o Portsmouth
o Newport
o Narragansett Settlement
 Major Industries
o Agricultural Products- greehhouse nursery products, sweet corn, dairy products,
potatoes, and cattle
 Famous Colonial People
o Anne Hutchinson
 Native Americans
o Wampanoeg
o Pequots
o Narragansett
o Nipmuck
o Naragansett and settlers work together
o French Indian Wars- conflict in Rhode Island where British found Indians and
French over land- French won
 Africans
o Enslaved made up a higher percentage of total population- more than any
other colony in New England colonies
o Use as laborers and domestic servants
Pennsylvania
 Founding
o 1682
o William Penn
 Region
o Middle Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Philadelphia
o Lancaster
o York
 Major Industries
o Farm and sell goods
Famous Colonial People
o William Penn
o George Washington
o Thomas Jefferson
 Native Americans
o Lenni Lenape
o Europeans taking Native lands
o Force them to Christianity
 Africans
o Serve as indentured slaves until 28
o Quakers outlawed slavery
North and South Carolina
 Founding
o 1663
o Proprietary colony
o Royal colony
o Split into North and South Carolina in 1712
o Eight Englishmen called lord proprietors
o Wanted to make money selling or renting land
 Region
o Southern Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Raleigh
o Charlotte
o Winston-Salem
o Durham
o Charleston
 Major Industries
o Agriculture
o Exported tobacco, cotton, corn, vegetables, grain, and livestock
 Famous Colonial People
o William Blount
o William Richardson
o Alexander Martin
 Native Americans
o Cherokee
o Catawba
o Lumbee
o Tuscarora
o Europeans claiming native land
o Trade was one sided
 Africans
o North Carolina’s geography prevented too much slave trade
o Stono Rebellion- planned to escape- laws stricter after the rebellion
o Nat Turner’s Rebellion- killed any whites related to slavery on plantations
Maryland
 Founding

o Lord Baltimore
o religious freedom
 Region
o Southern Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Baltimore
o Annapolis
 Major Industries
o Manufacturing- ship building, iron
o Agriculture- farming corn, indigo, wheat, rice
 Famous Colonial People
o William Paca
o Charles Carroll
o Samuel Chase
o Thomas Stone
o Benjamin Banneker
o Mathias de Sousa
 Native Americans
o Yaocomico
 Shared land with colonists
o Piscataway
 Shared knowledge with settlers
 Colonists indirectly weakened the Piscataway and took their land
o Nanticoke
 British forced to leave Maryland and move to other colonies
o Susquehannock
 Killed off by disease
 Africans
o Slaves worked on tobacco and corn plantations
o Gentry to dominate politics
o Strict slavery laws
o Small free black population
o Free blacks were considered as people who should be slaves
New York
 Founding
o 1624
o King Charles II gave land to brother James, Duke of York
o Founded by Peter Minuit
o Freedom of belief
 Region
o Middle Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o New York City
o Alabany
o Brooklyn
o Rochester
 Major Industries
o Manufacturing- ship building, iron works
o Agriculture- cattle, grain, rice, indigo, wheat
Famous Colonial People
o James Duke of New York
o Thomas Dongan
o Peter Minuit
 Native Americans
o Delaware
o Erie
o Iroquois
o Mohawk
o Oneida
o Seneca
o French and Indian Wars
o Allied to the French
 Africans
o Urban- tradesmen, shipping, domestic work, seamstress, porters
o Rural- livestock, laboring in the fields, butchering meat, dairying, maintaining
farms
o Used violence and distress- fires, damaged tools, murdered masters
o Free blacks lived in New York at the risk of enslavement
o 1712 killed 4,800 whites
o Small free black population
New Hampshire
 Founding
o 1622
o Royal colony
o Derived its name from Hampshire county in England
o John Mason
o Wanted to become wealthy by trading fur, salted fish, and timber with England
 Region
o New England Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Pannaway Plantation- Plymouth
o Strawberry Bank- capital of colony Portsmouth
o Concord
o Exeter
 Major Industries
o Fishing
o Fur
o Timber
o Whaling- whale oil- valuable resource for lighting lamps
 Famous Colonial People
o John Mason
o John Wheelwright
o Sir Fernando Gorges
 Native Americans
o Pennacook
o Abenaki

o Most of the time friendly relationship
o Tension grew from leadership changes
o Natives attacked over killing many settlers
 Africans
o Base for slaves to be imported
o Most slavery ended in 1857
o Slavery outlawed in 1865
Delaware
 Founding
o 1638
o Peter Minuit
o Delaware Tribe
o Economic purposes- profit and personal benefit
 Region
o Middle Colonies
 Colonial Cities
o Wilmington
 Major Industries
o Tabacco
o Ships
o Fishing
o Lumber
o Farming
o Cattle
o Crops
 Famous Colonial People
o William Penn
o John Dickinson
 Native Americans
o Lenape
o Early interaction between Lenape and Dutch traders- peaceful
o Good economic relationship
 Africans
o Bring Africans to work on land
o Hard labor for no money
o Quakers begin to free slaves in 1775