CT ABDOMEN AND PELVIS PAYABLE NONPAYABLE Checklist Template X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X X Flatulence/gas pain, abdominal distention, urinary tract infection. Generic Symptom checklist (with tables): abdominal pain, hematuria, flank pain Disease macros: appendicitis, diverticulitis, small bowel obstruction, adrenal mass Disease Macros Template ordered finding list Abdominal pain Flank pain Hematuria Constipation Diarrhea Pelvic pain Nausea and vomiting Malignant neoplasm Abnormal weight loss Abormal LFTs Abdominal injury Finding List Indication Disease List Malignant neoplasm (colon, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, testis, bladder, kidney), neoplasm (cervix), lymphoma, appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, calculus (renal or ureteral), acquired kidney cyst, hematuria, abnormal weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain (unspecified, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, epigastric), abnormal liver function tests, abdominal injury Templates Appendicitis, diverticulitis, small bowel obstruction File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis without contrast” (AKA “CT KUB”) UNENHANCED ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT INDICATION: [+Payable: Malignant neoplasm (colon, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, testis, bladder, kidney; neoplasm (cervix); lymphoma; appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, calculus (renal or ureteral), acquired kidney cyst, hematuria, abnormal weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain (unspecified, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, epigastric), abnormal liver function tests, abdominal injury+] [+Nonpayable: flatulence/gas pain, abdominal distention, urinary tract infection.+] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Images were obtained through (anatomy) [+following oral ingestion of (Redicat or oral Isovue)+]. INTERPRETATION: Lung bases: [<Normal.>] Musculoskeletal structures: [<Normal.>] Liver: [<Normal.>] Spleen: [<Normal.>] Gallbladder: [<Normal.>] Hepatobiliary tree: [<Normal.>] Pancreas: [<Normal.>] Kidneys and ureters: [<Normal.>] Adrenals: [<Normal.>] Vasculature: [<Normal.>] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [<Normal.>] Bowel: [<Normal.>] Peritoneal cavity: [<Normal.>] Abdominal wall: [<Normal.>] Pelvis: [<Normal.>] IMPRESSION: [] [+Signature/location.+] File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis with contrast” CONTRAST ENHANCED ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT INDICATION: [+Payable: Malignant neoplasm (colon, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, testis, bladder, kidney; neoplasm (cervix); lymphoma; appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, calculus (renal or ureteral), acquired kidney cyst, hematuria, abnormal weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain (unspecified, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, epigastric), abnormal liver function tests, abdominal injury+] [+Nonpayable: flatulence/gas pain, abdominal distention, urinary tract infection.+] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Images were obtained from above the diaphragm through the symphysis pubis following oral ingestion of [] contrast material along with IV injection of [] mL of [+Isovue 370 mg/mL+]. [+Portal venous phase and delayed images were obtained following contrast material injection.+] INTERPRETATION: Lung bases: [<Normal.>] Musculoskeletal structures: [<Normal.>] Liver: [<Normal.>] Spleen: [<Normal.>] Gallbladder: [<Normal.>] Hepatobiliary tree: [<Normal.>] Pancreas: [<Normal.>] Kidneys and ureters: [<Normal.>] Adrenals: [<Normal.>] Vasculature: [<Normal.>] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [<Normal.>] Bowel: [<Normal.>] Peritoneal cavity: [<Normal.>] Abdominal wall: [<Normal.>] Pelvis: [<Normal.>] IMPRESSION: [] [+Signature/location.+] File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis without and with contrast” UNENHANCED AND CONTRAST ENHANCED ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT INDICATION: [+Payable: Malignant neoplasm (colon, lung, breast, ovary, prostate, testis, bladder, kidney; neoplasm (cervix); lymphoma; appendicitis, bowel obstruction, diverticulitis, calculus (renal or ureteral), acquired kidney cyst, hematuria, abnormal weight loss, diarrhea, abdominal pain (unspecified, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, epigastric), abnormal liver function tests, abdominal injury+] [+Nonpayable: flatulence/gas pain, abdominal distention, urinary tract infection.+] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Images were obtained through [+name anatomy+] after oral but before IV contrast administration. Images were obtained through [+name anatomy+] following oral ingestion of [] contrast material along with IV injection of [] mL of [+Isovue 370 mg/mL+]. [+Portal venous phase and delayed images were obtained following contrast material injection.+] INTERPRETATION: Lung bases: [] Musculoskeletal structures: [] Liver: [] Spleen: [] Gallbladder: [] Hepatobiliary tree: [] Pancreas: [] Kidneys and ureters: [] Adrenals: [] Vasculature: [] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [] Bowel: [] Peritoneal cavity: [] Abdominal wall: [] Pelvis: [] IMPRESSION: [] Dictated at [] Cause ABDOMINAL PAIN Clinical Features Imaging Findings Pneumonia (referred pain) Pulmonary embolism/infarction Pericarditis Cough; fever; elevated WBC count Cough; dyspnea; elevated WBC count Dyspnea; ECG changes Nerve invasion Nerve root compression Nerve distribution of pain Dermatomal distribution of pain LUNG BASES Lung base ground glass opacity, consolidation, or effusion Lung base Hampton’s hump or arterial filling defect Fluid, thickening, or calcification of the pericardium MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES Tumor, if there is one Spinal canal stenosis or disc herniation LIVER Cirrhosis Congestive hepatomegaly Hepatitis Anorexia; fatigue; weight loss; elevated liver enzymes Dyspnea Elevated liver enzymes Hepatic abscess Fever; elevated WBC count Sickle cell crisis Sickle cell disease; anemia Splenic infarction Splenic rupture or abscess Trauma; elevated WBC count Cholecystitis Murphy’s sign; elevated WBC count Biliary tree obstruction Elevated liver enzymes Abnormal morphology of the liver with nodular surface Large liver; findings of congestive heart failure; hepatic vein reflux Large liver; heterogenous enhancement of the liver Liver mass lacking central enhancement SPLEEN Bone infarcts and small or absent, infarcted spleen Wedge-shaped non-enhancing segment Discontinuity; hypodense lesion lacking central enhancement GALLBLADDER Gallstones; gallbladder wall thickening; pericholic fat stranding or fluid HEPATOBILIARY TREE Dilated biliary tree with or without calcifications PANCREAS Pancreatitis Elevated lipase and amylase; elevated WBC count Swollen pancreas; peripancreated fat stranding; ascites; thick walled duodenum (rarely) KIDNEYS AND URETERS Renal calculi Hematuria Pyelonephritis Urinary track obstruction Renal infarction Pyuria; elevated WBC count Hematuria Hematuria Calcifications in the kidneys, ureters, or bladder Striated nephrogram Dilated collecting system; stone or intrinsic or extrinsic tumor Wedge-shaped lack of contrast enhancement ADRENALS Metastatic disease Hematoma Known primary tumor Anticoagulation, trauma, or adrenal tumor Aortic aneurysm dissection or rupture (7) Pulsatile abdominal mass; hypotension or shock Mass Mass VASCULATURE Distension of aortic lumen; dissection; poor definition of abdominal aortic margin LYMPHATICS/RETROPERITONEUM Psoas abscess Elevated WBC count Retroperitoneal mass lacking central enhancement BOWEL Esophagitis Esophageal rupture Gastric cancer Gastroenteritis Bowel obstruction Inflammatory bowel disease Ischemic bowel or mesentery Meckel’s diverticulum Appendicitis Postprandial pain Vomitting; anorexia Anorexia; hematemasis Abdominal distension; increased bowel sounds Intermittent diarrhea Pain worse after meals; weight loss; other vascular disease (PAD, CAD, stroke) Elevated WBC count Diverticulitis Loss of appetite; rebound tenderness; elevated WBC count Elevated WBC count Colitis Diarrhea Colon cancer Hematochezia Peritonitis Mesenteric adenitis Rebound tenderness; elevated WBC count Elevated WBC count Bowel perforation Loss of appetite Subdiaphragmatic abscess Fever; elevated WBC count Hiatal hernia Free air in the mediastinum Stomach wall mass Thick walled stomach (rarely) Dilated proximal and collapsed distal bowel; causative lesion at lead point Thick walled bowel; perieneteric fat stranding or fluid Air in bowel wall or free air; constricted or absent arterial flow; mesenteric arterial or venous or portal vein thrombosis; fat stranding in mesentery Abnormal outpouching of bowel; fluid or fat stranding if inflamed Swollen appendix; periappendiceal fat stranding or fluid Diverticulae plus thick walled colon, pericolic fat stranding or fluid Thick walled large bowel; pericolic fluid or fat stranding Thick walled bowel; possibly obstruction PERITONEAL CAVITY Ascites or peritoneal fat stranding Lymphdenopathy of mesentery; “misty mesentery” Free air in the peritoneal cavity; fluid or fat stranding Subdiaphragmatic mass lacking central enhancement ABDOMINAL WALL Hernia – incarcerated Hematoma Mass; prior surgery Anti-coagulated from drugs or bleeding disorder Bowel loop with focal distension or in abnormal position Soft tissue density in abdominal wall or retroperitoneum (rarely intraperitoneal) Muscle wall trauma Trauma Hematoma or discontinuous muscle in abdominal wall Pelvic inflammatory disease Ectopic pregnancy Endometriosis Vaginal discharge; cervical tenderness; elevated WBC count Pelvic free fluid or fat stranding; tubovarian swelling/mass Positive pregnancy test Pain related to menstrual cycle Ovarian torsion Prostatitis Adnexal pain Large prostate; elevated WBC count Palpable bladder Adnexal mass, fluid, or fat stranding Soft tissue implant in pelvis or peritoneal cavity; ascites; fat stranding Adnexal mass, fluid, or fat stranding Large prostate PELVIS Bladder distension Dilated bladder; cause (enlarged prostate gland, bladder neck/urethral stone or tumor) ABDOMINAL PAIN WITH VERY SUBTLE, VERY INFREQUENT, OR NO CT FINDINGS Peptic ulcer disease; irritable bowel syndrome; inferior wall MI (unless there is also CHF); porphyria; diabetic ketoacidosis; herpes zoster; Mittleschmerz; cystitis; food allergy; lead poisoning; Mediterranean fever; myositis; typhoid fever; uremia Disease Macros: Appendicitis. Insert in “Bowel” paragraph: [+Describe findings of appendicitis including presence of rupture, caliber, associated periappendiceal fluid/fat stranding, absence/presence/amount of free air, associated abscess.+] Diverticulitis. Insert in “Bowel” paragraph: [+Describe findings of diverticulitis including length of involved bowel segment, involved segment (and distance from anus), absence/presence/amount of free air, associated abscess, micro- versus macro-perforation.+] Small bowel obstruction: Insert in “Bowel” paragraph: [+Insert in Bowel paragraph.+] [+Describe findings of small bowel including measurement of proximal distension, description of distal collapse, location of transition point, and any causative abnormality at the transition point. Describe free fluid or free air in the peritoneal cavity and any fat stranding.+] Adrenal mass. Insert in “Adrenals” paragraph: Adrenal gland mass measurement: []. Adrenal gland Hounsefield unit measurements on noncontrast study is [], on the portal venous phase is []%, and on the delayed venous phase is [], for a relative washout of []% and enhancement washout of []%. For explanation of measurements, see Caoili EM, Korobkin M, Francis IR, et al. Adrenal masses: characterization with combined unenhanced and delayed enhanced CT. Radiology 2002; 222:629-33. File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis done for pain” CONTRAST ENHANCED ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT INDICATION: Abdominal pain. [] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Images were obtained from above the diaphragm through the symphysis pubis following oral ingestion of [] contrast material along with IV injection of [] mL of [+Isovue 370 mg/mL+]. [+Portal venous phase and delayed images were obtained following contrast material injection.+] INTERPRETATION: Lung bases: [+No nodule or mass identified (cancer, abscess).+] [+No ground glass opacity or consolidation identified (pneumonia, PE, post-obstructive atelectasis).+] Musculoskeletal structures: [+No foraminal stenosis or neural compression from tumor.+] Liver: [+No nodularity (hepatitis or cirrhosis, no solitary (abscess) or multifocal masses (metastatic disease), identified.+] Spleen: [+No wedge shaped defect (infarct), mass lacking central enhancement (abscess), or diminished size (sickle cell disease with possible sickle cell crisis) identified.+] Gallbladder: [+No stones, pericholic fluid, pericolic fat stranding (cholelithiasis/cholecystitis).+] Hepatobiliary tree: [+No distension (tumor, stone disease).+] Pancreas: [+No swelling, peripancreatic fluid or stranding (pancreatitis).+] Kidneys and ureters: [+No striated nephrogram (pyelonephritis), ass lacking central enhancement (abscess), distended collecting system and perinephric stranding (obstruction), or calcifications (stone disease).+] Adrenals: [+No mass (metastatic disease) or hemorrhage identified.+] Vasculature: [+No filling defects in visualized pulmonary arteries (pulmonary embolism), arterial distension (aneurysm), dissection (dissection), or periarterial fluid/stranding (rupture).+] [+No arterial stenosis to bowel (mesenteric ischemia).+] [+No filling defect of portal venous system or mesenteric veins (portal vein or mesenteric vein thrombosis with mesenteric ischemia).+] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [+No enlarged lymph nodes (metastatic disease, mesenteric adenitis). No psoas mass lacking central enhancement (psoas abscess).+] Bowel: [+No hiatal hernia or mass (GERD).+] [+No stomach wall thickening (gastritis) or mass (gastric cancer, lymphoma).+] [+No proximal small bowel distension/distal collapse (obstruction), malposition (hernia), wall thickening (inflammatory bowel disease), perienteric fluid or fat stranding (inflammatory bowel disease), air in the bowel wall (ischemic bowel disease).+] [+No appendix distension, enhancing wall, periappendiceal fluid or fat stranding (appendicitis).+] [+No colonic distension (obstruction; constipation), wall thickening, pericolic fluid or fat stranding, (colitis, diverticulitis, colon cancer) pericolic air (perforation), air in the bowel wall (ischemic bowel disease, diverticulitis).+] Peritoneal cavity: [+No masses (metastatic deposits, endometriomas). No free air (bowel perforation). No free fluid/fat stranding (inflammatory bowel disease, diverticulitis, peritonitis, mesenteric adenitis). No subphrenic mass lacking central enhancement (subphrenic abscess).+] Abdominal wall: [+No discontinuity (hernia). No abnormal muscle thickening or mass (hematoma).+] Pelvis: [+No adnexal mass/free fluid/fat stranding (ectopic pregnancy, ovarian cyst/torsion). No prostate enlargement/periprostatic fluid or fat stranding (prostatitis). Normal sized bladder (bladder distension).+] IMPRESSION: [] Dictated at [] FLANK PAIN CT Finding Cause LUNG BASES MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES Trauma Disc disease Rib or vertebral fracture Disc narrowing or abnormal contour LIVER SPLEEN GALLBLADDER HEPATOBILIARY TREE PANCREAS KIDNEYS AND URETERS Trauma Stone disease Infection: pyelonephritis Renal obstruction Polycystic kidney disease discontinuous kidney or hematoma Radio-opaque calculi; hydronephrosis; perinephric stranding Perinephric stranding Dilated collecting system Enlarged kidneys with multiple well defined low density regions Renal mass; lymphadenopathy if mets Renal mass Renal cancer Spontaneous renal hemorrhage ADRENALS VASCULATURE Aortic aneurysm rupture Dilated aorta; peri-aortic fluid and fat stranding LYMPHATICS/RETROPERITONEUM Renal cancer Aortic aneurysm rupture Renal mass; lymphadenopathy if mets Dilated aorta; peri-aortic fluid and fat stranding Bowel e.g. appendicitis, diverticulitis Bowel wall thickening; periappendiceal or pericolic fluid and fat stranding; free air if perforated BOWEL PERITONEAL CAVITY ABDOMINAL WALL PELVIS Prostatic hypertrophy or prostatitis Bladder stone Bladder wall inflammation Enlarged prostate Bladder stone Inflammatory changes adjacent to the bladder THE FOLLOWING DISEASES HAVE FEW IF ANY FINDINGS ON UNENHANCED CT STUDY Papillary necrosis; renal vein thrombosis; renal artery dissection; cortical necrosis/renal infarct (unless accompanied by stranding) File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis done for flank pain” UNENHANCED ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT INDICATION: Flank pain. [+Hematuria or trauma.+] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Images were obtained through (anatomy) [+following oral ingestion of (Redicat or oral Isovue)+]. INTERPRETATION: Lung bases: [+Consolidation or effusion from pneumonia.+] Musculoskeletal structures: [+Rib or vertebral fracture, disc disease.+] Liver: [] Spleen: [] Gallbladder: [] Hepatobiliary tree: [] Pancreas: [] Kidneys and ureters: [+Discontinuous kidney or hematoma from trauma, stones, hydronephrosis, perinephric stranding, polycystic kidneys, renal mass, spontaneous renal hemorrhage.+] Adrenals: [+Metastatic disease from renal cancer.+] Vasculature: [+Aortic aneurysm with rupture or inflammation.+] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [+Lymphadenopathy from renal cancer metastases.+] Bowel: [+Appendicitis, diverticulitis, or other inflammation adjacent to the bladder.+] Peritoneal cavity: [+Inflammatory changes adjacent to the renal collecting system, ureters, or bladder.+] Abdominal wall: [] Pelvis: [+Enlarged prostate gland, bladder stone, inflammation adjacent to bladder.+] IMPRESSION: [] Dictated at [] HEMATURIA Radiographic Findings Cause LUNG BASES MUSCULOSKELETAL STRUCTURES Sickle cell disease Bone infarcts LIVER SPLEEN Sickle cell disease Hemophilia Absent/small spleen; bone infarcts Hyperdense spleen GALLBLADDER HEPATOBILIARY TREE PANCREAS KIDNEYS AND URETERS Stone disease Cancer – kidney Cancer – ureter Infection: renal, bladder; schistosomiasis Glomerular disease Trauma Polycystic kidney disease Drugs Renal infarction Papillary necrosis Obstructive nephropathy SLE Hemophilia Rheumatic fever Leukemia Wegener granulomatosis Calcifications in the collecting system Renal mass Ureteral mass or filling defect Striated nephrogram; perinephric stranding None or diffuse decrease in renal size None through renal fracture PCKD None versus blunted papilla Wedge-shaped filling defect Blunted papilla Dilated collecting system Small kidneys Subcapsular hematoma Renal infarction Large kidneys Renal infarct, perinephric or retroperitoneal hematoma ADRENALS VASCULATURE Renal vein thrombosis Renal artery aneurysm Renal AVM Filling defect in renal vein Dilated renal artery AVM LYMPHATICS/RETROPERITONEUM Wegener granulomatosis Renal infarct, perinephric or retroperitoneal hematoma BOWEL Bowel e.g. appendicitis, diverticulitis Inflamed bowel & perienteric fat PERITONEAL CAVITY ABDOMINAL WALL PELVIS Prostate hypertrophy & prostatitis Enterovesical fistula Endometriosis Cancer of the bladder Cancer of the prostate Enlarged prostate Gas/oral contrast in bladder vrs IV contrast in bowel None versus soft tissue mass Mass or filling defect of the bladder Enlarged prostate HEMATURIA WITH VERY SUBTLE, VERY INFREQUENT, OR NO CT FINDINGS Exercise File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis done for hematuria” UNENHANCED AND CONTRAST ENHANCED ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT INDICATION: Hematuria. [+Review UA for at least 3 RBCs per HPF, casts and dysmorphic red cells (glomerulonephritis), WBCs (infection); review CBC for leukocytosis (infection), patient questionnaire for causes of hematuria.+] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Axial images were obtained through the abdomen and pelvis without contrast material. [] mL of Isovue 370 contrast material was injected, and axial images of the abdomen and pelvis were obtained during the portal venous phase and twelve minutes following injection. Images were reviewed at a workstation allowing multiplanar reformatting. Coronal and sagittal images as well as maximum intensity projection images of the renal collecting system, ureters, and bladder (made with a separate Vitrea workstation) were saved to PACS. INTERPRETATION: Lung bases: [] Musculoskeletal structures: [+No bone infarcts are identified (sickle cell disease).+] Liver: [] Spleen: [+The spleen is normal (sickle cell disease).+] Gallbladder: [] Hepatobiliary tree: [] Pancreas: [] Kidneys and ureters: [+No stone disease identified.+] [+No calcifications within the kidneys, ureters, or bladder are identified (stone disease).+] [+The kidneys are of normal size (polycystic disease), enhance uniformly without evidence of mass (cancer, AVM), striation (pyelonephritis), or wedge-shaped unenhancing segment (infarct).+] [+No blunting (papillary necrosis) or striations (medullary sponge kidney) identified.+] [+No filling defects (low-density stone, cancer) or distension (obstruction).+] [+No ureteral filling defect or distension identified.+] Adrenals: [] Vasculature: [+Patent (no renal vein thrombosis), showing normal size (renal artery aneurysm, AVM) and position (retro-aortic left renal vein).+] [+The aorta shows normal caliber (aneurysm) and no peri-aortic fluid or fat stranding (rupture).+] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [] Bowel: [+The visualized bowel loops adjacent to the urinary track show normal wall thickness and no peri-enteric inflammatory change (diverticulitis, inflammatory bowel disease, appendicitis).+] Peritoneal cavity: [+No soft tissue masses to suggest endometriosis.+] Abdominal wall: [] Pelvis: [+Normal bladder. No stones, wall thickening (cancer), fat stranding (cancer, infection), or visible filling defect(cancer) identified.+] [+The prostate demonstrates normal size (prostate cancer, benign prostatic hypertrophy, prostatitis).+] [+No peritoneal or pelvic soft tissue masses are identified (endometriosis).+] IMPRESSION: [] Dictated at [] File name: “CT Abdomen and pelvis done for injury” ABDOMEN AND PELVIS CT WITH CONTRAST INDICATION: [+Abdominal pain (unspecified, RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ, epigastric), abdominal injury (SAY “INJURY” NOT “TRAUMA”+] COMPARISON: [] TECHNIQUE: Images were obtained from above the diaphragm through the symphysis pubis following [+oral ingestion of contrast material along with +] IV injection of [] mL of Isovue 370 mg/mL. [+Immediate and delayed images were obtained following contrast material injection.+] Lung bases: [+Contusion, pneumothorax.+] Musculoskeletal structures: [+Fracture, dislocation.+] Liver: [+Laceration, hematoma, contrast enhancement.+] Spleen: [+Laceration, hematoma, contrast enhancement.+] Gallbladder: [+Intact.+] Hepatobiliary tree: [+Intact.+] Pancreas: [+Laceration, hematoma, contrast enhancement.+] Kidneys: [+Laceration, hematoma, contrast enhancement or extravasation.+] Adrenals: [+Laceration, hematoma, contrast enhancement.+] Vasculature: [+Laceration, hematoma, contrast enhancement, “flat” IVC sign of shock.+] Lymphatics/retroperitoneum: [+Free air.+] Bowel: [+Free air, contrast extravasation, distention.+] Peritoneal cavity: [+Free air, free fluid, fresh blood.+] Abdominal wall: [+Hernia, hematoma, mass.+] Pelvis: [+Contrast extravasation from ruptured bladder, free fluid.+] IMPRESSION: [] Dictated at []