Chemistry
Name__________________________________________
Periodic Table
1. Which Group of the Periodic Table contains atoms with a stable outer electron configuration?
(1) 1
(2) 16
(3) 8
(4) 18
2. In which list are the elements arranged in order of increasing atomic mass?
(1) Cl, K, Ar
(2) Te, I, Xe
(3) Fe, Co, Ni
(4) Ne, F, Na
3. Which list of elements contains two metalloids?
(1) Si, Ge, Po, Pb
(2) Si, P, S, Cl
(3) As, Bi, Br, Kr
(4) Po, Sb, I, Xe
4. Which statement explains why nuclear waste materials may pose a problem?
(1) They frequently have short half-lives and remain radioactive for brief periods of time.
(2) They frequently have short half-lives and remain radioactive for extended periods of time.
(3) They frequently have long half-lives and remain radioactive for brief periods of time.
(4) They frequently have long half-lives and remain radioactive for extended periods of time.
5. Alpha particles are emitted during the radioactive decay of
(1) carbon-14
(2) calcium-37
(3) neon-19
(4) radon-222
6. Which is a property of most nonmetallic solids?
(1) high thermal conductivity (2) high electrical conductivity (3) brittleness (4) malleability
7. Which list of elements is arranged in order of increasing atomic radii?
(1) Li, Be, B, C
(2) Sc, Ti, V, Cr
(3) Sr, Ca, Mg, Be
(4) F, Cl, Br, I
8. The freezing point of bromine is
(1) 539°C
(2) 7°C
(4) –7°C
9. Which element is a solid at STP?
(1) H2
(2) N2
(3) –539°C
(2) I2
(4) O2
10. The elements in the Periodic Table are arranged in order of increasing
(1) atomic number
(2) atomic radius
(3) mass number
(4) neutron number
11. What occurs when an atom of chlorine forms a chloride ion?
(1) The chlorine atom gains an electron, and its radius becomes smaller.
(2) The chlorine atom gains an electron, and its radius becomes larger.
(3) The chlorine atom loses an electron, and its radius becomes smaller.
(4) The chlorine atom loses an electron, and its radius becomes larger.
12. In which group of the Periodic Table do most of the elements exhibit both positive and negative oxidation
states?
(1) 17
(2) 12
(3) 2
(4) 7
13. As the elements in Period 2 of the Periodic Table are considered in succession from left to right, there is a
decrease in atomic radius with increasing atomic number. This may best be explained by the fact that the
(1) number of protons increases, and the number of shells of electrons remains the same
(2) number of protons increases, and the number of shells of electrons increases
(3) number of protons decreases, and the number of shells of electrons remains the same
(4) number of protons decreases, and the number of shells of electrons increases
14. In the 1920s, paint used to inscribe the numbers on watch dials was composed of a luminescent (glow-in-thedark) mixture. The powdered-paint base was a mixture of radium salts and zinc sulfide. As the paint was
mixed, the powdered base became airborne and drifted throughout the workroom causing the contents of the
workroom, including the painters’ clothes and bodies, to glow in the dark.
The paint is luminescent because radiation from the radium salts strikes a scintillator. A scintillator is a
material that emits visible light in response to ionizing radiation. In watchdial paint, zinc sulfide acts as the
scintillator.
Radium present in the radium salts decomposes spontaneously, emitting alpha particles. These particles
can cause damage to the body when they enter human tissue. Alpha particles are especially harmful to the
blood, liver, lungs, and spleen because they can alter genetic information in the cells. Radium can be
deposited in the bones because it substitutes for calcium.
(a) Write the notation for the alpha particles emitted by radium in the radium salts.
(b) How can particles emitted from radioactive nuclei damage human tissue?
(c) Why does radium substitute for calcium in bones?
(d) Explain why zinc sulfide is used in luminescent paint.
15. Given: Samples of Na, Ar, As, Rb
(a) Which two of the given elements have the most similar chemical properties?
(b) Explain your answer in terms of the Periodic Table of the Elements.
16. Naturally occurring boron is composed of two isotopes. The percent abundance and the mass of each isotope
are listed below.
• 19.9% of the boron atoms have a mass of 10.013 atomic mass units.
• 80.1% of the boron atoms have a mass of 11.009 atomic mass units.
Calculate the average isotopic mass of boron.
17. In 1999, a nuclear chemist and his team announced they had discovered a new element by crashing krypton
atoms into lead. The new element, number 118, was assigned the name ununoctium and the symbol Uuo.
One possible isotope of ununoctium could have been Uuo-291. However, the discovery of Uuo was not
confirmed because other scientists could not reproduce the experimental results published by the nuclear
chemist and his team. In 2006, another team of scientists claimed that they produced Uuo. This claim has yet
to be confirmed.
Adapted from Discover January 2002
(a) Based on atomic number, in which group on the Periodic Table would element 118 be placed?
(b) What would be the total number of neutrons present in a theoretical atom of Uuo-291?
(c) What would be the total number of electrons present in a theoretical atom of Uuo-291?
(d) Explain why being able to reproduce scientific results is an important component of scientific research.
18. Some radioisotopes used as tracers make it possible for doctors to see the images of internal body parts and
observe their functions. The table below lists information about three radioisotopes and the body part each
radioisotope is used to study.
Radioisotope
Half-life
Decay Mode
Body Part
Na-24
15 hours
Beta
Circulatory system
Fe-59
44.5 days
Beta
Red blood cells
I-131
8.1 days
Beta
Thyroid
(a) Write the equation for the decay of the radioisotope used to study red blood cells. Include both the atomic
number/charge and atomic mass for all particles in your equation.
(b) It could take up to 60. hours for a radioisotope to be delivered to the hospital from the laboratory where it
is produced. What fraction of an original sample of 24Na remains unchanged after 60. hours?