Chapter 6.1 CYU Answers
1. (a) Beaker B. It will require twice the energy since it has twice as much water in it.
(b) Beaker B. It will require more energy because it must be heated 10°C more than Beaker A.
(c) Beaker A. It will require more energy because water has a greater specific heat capacity
than oil. Water takes much more thermal energy than an equal quantity of oil to increase its
temperature by the same amount.
2. Beaker A. Water has a higher specific heat capacity than sand, so Beaker B will need less heat.
3. Due to water’s greater specific heat capacity, water needs much more heat from the Sun to
change its temperature than sand does. The water at a beach during the day really is cooler. On
a sunny day, water takes longer to heat up than the sand. Similarly, at night, sand cools quickly
but water hold its heat. Water must release much more thermal energy to lower its
temperature, so the water feels warmer at night.
4. Water has a higher specific heat capacity than oil. Water can absorb much more heat from a
hot engine than oil can.
5. If you want to have very hot oil, it is easier to heat oil with a lower specific heat capacity. This
oil will heat up fast with less energy. Also, an oil with a low specific heat capacity would be
less likely to burn the French fries.
Chapter 6.2 CYU Answers
1. (a) 2.04 + 3.96 = 6
(b) 7.50 + 1.25 = 8.75
(c) 2.04 + 0.19 = 2.23
2. Unlike solid wood, wood shavings trap air and take advantage of air’s high R-value.
3. Hot air rises. More insulation at the top of the house slows this heat from transferring to the
outside.
4. Although aluminum is a metal and therefore conducts heat well, it is a good reflector of
radiated energy. This is why an air space surrounded with aluminum is a much better insulator
than the air space without aluminum.
5. (a) Look for ideas such as:
• Windows and doors are thinner than walls, which allows heat to transfer easily.
• Windows and doors often have cracks around them, which allows heat to escape.
• If doors are solid or windows are single-pane, there is no air space to acts as a good
insulator.
(b) Answers will vary. Examples include:
• add more insulation to walls and attic
• use storm windows
• install double-glazed windows
• install insulated doors
• install weather stripping around door and windows
• cover heating ducts with foil
• wear oven mitts
• put wood or plastic handles on pots
6. Non-metals do not conduct heat. As a result, they are cooler to touch, even when the pot itself
is hot.
Chapter 6.3 CYU Answers
1. Answers will vary. Examples could include:
• layered clothes so one or two layers can be removed when the body warms
• insulated boots with wool socks to absorb perspiration
• windproof pants with long underwear underneath
• undershirt, fleece jacket, and windbreaker shell
• undershirt, sweater, and parka
• scarf to cover face and close neck opening
• mitts (not gloves,) so fingers and thumb can warm each other
• toque that can be put in a pocket as you warm up
2. A diver should wear:
• a wet or dry neoprene suit, depending on how cold the water is,
• neoprene gloves and booties, and
• a neoprene hood (if not wearing a dry suit).
3. Students should choose any material that was mentioned in class, such as:
• Wool would insulate body heat.
• Polyester fleece would insulate body heat.
• Windproof material stops heat transfer.
• Some modern materials claim to shed outside moisture and wick body moisture to the
outside.
• Down, when dry, is a good insulator for body heat.
4. Any three of the following:
• Fur is worn next to the body to trap warm air.
• The skin of the pelt breathes moisture to the outside.
• Caribou fur as a top layer is worn with the fur facing out. Air is trapped between and inside
the fur.
• A hood keeps the head and face warm.
• The parka hood is edged with wolverine or wolf fur, which do not allow ice from
condensation to collect.
• The parka is big enough that wearers can bring their arms inside the torso space to get warm.
• Feet are kept warm using up to four layers of footwear, with waterproof sealskin boots
outermost.
• Similarly, mitts are made of layers of caribou pelt.
5. People need head coverings in cold climates because we lose up to 40 percent of our heat
through our head. In warm climates, a head covering helps reflect the Sun’s heat away from
the head.
6. In Alberta, it would not differ that much. In both winter and summer, clothing is needed in
order to stay warm and dry in adverse conditions. A full water jug, insect repellent, and an
umbrella would be good additions. You would not need extra weight or sand for traction. You
would not have to worry about food being spoiled by freezing (but could not use canned
foods); however, some foods could spoil in extreme heat.