Geology POST TEST
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Earth’s mantle is
a. A layer of molten rock
b. A layer of hot rock
c. A dense ball of solid metal
d. A layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin
Scientists think that convection currents flow in Earth’s
a. Continents
b. Mantle
c. Lithosphere
d. Inner core
What is the correct order (starting from the surface) of Earth’s layers?
a. Crust, outer core, inner core, mantle
b. Mantle, outer core, inner core, crust
c. Crust, mantle, outer core, inner core
d. Outer core, inner core, crust, mantle
Earth’s inner core is
a. A dense ball of solid metal
b. A layer of molten metal
c. A layer of hot rock
d. A layer of rock that forms Earth’s outer skin
Heat transfer within a fluid takes place by
a. Convection currents
b. Radiation
c. Conduction
d. Density
A mineral is inorganic, which means that it contains
a. Compounds
b. Materials made by humans
c. Parts of livings things
d. No material that were once part of living things
Although brick, steel, and glass all come from substances found in Earth’s crust, they are not
classified as minerals because
a. They are organic
b. They are not naturally occurring
c. They are too hard
d. They have many uses
What is the hardest known mineral?
a. Talc
b. Quartz
c. Diamond
d. Gold
Rock that forms from the cooling of magma below the surface or lava at the surface is called
a. Sedimentary rock
b. Metamorphic rock
c. Igneous rock
d. Coarse-gained rock
10. Where does most metamorphic rock form?
a. At the surface
b. Just below the surface
c. In ocean waters
d. Deep underground
11. Igneous rock that cools very quickly when it forms may have a texture that is
a. Smooth and shiny with no visible grain
b. Multicolored and banded
c. Coarse grained
d. Made up of jagged grains
12. When all the grains in a rock are large and easy to see, the rock is describes as
a. Extrusive
b. Fine grained
c. Coarse grained
d. Nonbanded
13. Chalk formed from sediments made of skeletons of microscopic living things in the ocean must
be a(an)
a. Clastic rock
b. Organic rock
c. Chemical rock
d. Igneous rock
14. Igneous rock that formed from lava that erupted onto Earth’s surface is called
a. Extrusive rock
b. Intrusive rock
c. Clastic rock
d. Sedimentary rock
S6E5 d. Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth.
15. Heat and pressure deep beneath Earth’s surface can change any rock into
a. Chemical rock
b. Gemstones
c. Metamorphic rock
d. Sedimentary rock
16. The heat that changes a rock into metamorphic rock comes from
a. The heat of the sun.
b. The sun.
c. Movements in the crust
d. Chemical rocks in the crust
(D) Describe processes that change rocks and the surface of the earth.
17. What kind of weathering causes the mineral composition of rocks to change?
a. Mechanical weathering
b. Permeable weathering
c. Chemical weathering
d. General weathering
18. A rock containing iron becomes soft and crumbly and reddish-brown in color. It probably has
been chemically weathered by
a. Abrasion
b. Carbon dioxide
c. Oxygen
d. Acid rain
19. A hot and wet climate causes weathering to take place
a. Slowy
b. At the same rate as when the climate is dry and cool
c. Unevenly
d. Rapidly
20. The process by which sediment settles out of the water or wind carrying it is
a. Compaction
b. Cementation
c. Deposition
d. Erosion
21. The process by which natural forces move weathered rock and soil from one place to another is
called
a. Soil conservation
b. Deposition
c. Abrasion
d. Erosion
22. Deltas are built up by
a. Deposition
b. Leaching
c. Abrasion
d. Erosion
23. The process by which wind removes surface materials is called
a. Abrasion
b. Plucking
c. Deflation
d. Inflation
24. Which of the following is evidence that an area was once covered by a glacier?
a. Loess deposits
b. V-shaped valley
c. U-shaped valley
d. Alluvial fan
25. The amount of runoff in an area depends on which of the following factors?
a. Vegetation, rain, and soil type
b. Climate, the number of rivers nearby, and the amount of erosion.
c. Deposition, tributaries, and the extent of the floodplain.
d. The slope of the land, the amount of snowfall, and the latitude.
(e) Recognize that lithosphere plates constantly move and cause
major geological events on the earth’s surface.
26. A collision between two pieces of continental crust at a converging boundary produces a
a. Mid-ocean ridge
b. Deep-ocean trench
c. Rift valley
d. Mountain range
27. The place where two plates come together is known as a
a. Transform boundary
b. Divergent boundary
c. Convergent boundary
d. Rift valley
28. In sea-floor spreading, molten material rises from the mantle and erupts
a. Along the edges of all the continents
b. Along mid-ocean ridges
c. In deep-ocean trenches
d. At the north and south poles
29. How did scientists discover that rocks farther away from the mid-ocean ridge were older than
those near it?
a. By observing eruptions of molten material on the sea floor
b. By mapping rocks on the sea floor using sonar
c. By determining the age of the rock samples obtained by drilling on the sea floor
d. By measuring how fast sea-floor spreading occurs
30. The process by which the ocean floor sinks beneath a deep-ocean trench and back into the
mantle is known as
a. Convection
b. Continental drift
c. Subduction
d. Conduction
31. Most geologists think that the movement of Earth’s plates is caused by
a. Conduction
b. Earthquakes
c. Convection currents in the mantle
d. Earth’s magnetic field
32. The geological theory that states that pieces of Earth’s plates is caused by
a. Subduction
b. Plate tectonics
c. Convection currents in the mantle
d. Sea-floor spreading
33. A place where two plates slip past each other, moving in opposite directions, is known as a
a. Transform boundary
b. Divergent boundary
c. Convergent boundary
d. Rift valley
(F) Explain the effects of the physical processes (plate tectonics, erosion, deposition, volcanic
eruption, gravity) on geological features including oceans ( compositions, currents, and tides)
34. The point beneath Earth’s surface where rock break under stress and triggers an earthquake is
called the
a. Syncline
b. Footwall
c. Epicenter
d. Focus
35. The type if seismic waves that arrive at the surface first and move by compressing and
expanding the ground like an accordion are called
a. S waves
b. P waves
c. Surface waves
d. Mercalli waves
36. S waves are also known as
a. Primary waves
b. Secondary waves
c. Surface waves
d. Focus waves
37. Compared to P waves and S waves, surface waves move
a. Faster
b. Slower
c. At the same rate
d. Farther from the epicenter
38. In what direction do seismic waves carry of an earthquake?
a. Away from the focus
b. Toward the focus
c. From the surface to the interior
d. Through the mantle only
39. Which of the following can cause damage days or months after a large earthquake?
a. The arrival of surface waves
b. Liquefaction
c. A tsunami
d. An aftershock
40. If the Coast Guard warns of a giant wave approaching the shore as result of a major earthquake,
they are warning of
a. An aftershock
b. Liquefaction
c. A tsunami
d. Landslides
41. A marble statue is left exposed to the weather. Within a few years, the details on the statue
have begun to weather away. This weathering probably is caused by
a. Oxygen in the air
b. Carbonic acid in rainwater
c. Lichens
d. Abrasion
(g) Describe how fossils show evidence of the changing surface and climate of the Earth.
42. According to Wegener’s hypothesis of continental drift,
a. Earth’s surface is made up of seven major landmasses
b. The continents do not move
c. Earth is slowly cooling and shrinking
d. The continents were once joined together in a single landmass
43. What is Pangaea?
a. The name of a German scientist
b. The name of the supercontinent that existed millions of years ago
c. Another name for continental drift
d. The name of an ancient fossil
(h) Describe soil as consisting of weathered rocks and decomposed organic material.
44. Any trace of an ancient organism that has been preserved in rock is called a
a. Landform
b. Continent
c. Fossil
d. Landmass
45. Soil formation begins with the weathering of
a. Litter
b. Bedrock
c. The A horizon
d. Humas
46. Decomposers are the soil organisms that
a. Store moisture in the soil
b. Break down and digest the remains of dead organisms
c. Make spaces in the soil for an air and water
d. Burrow deep below the topsoil
(I)
Explain the effects of the human activity on the erosion of the
earth’s surface .
47. What can cause the loss of the soil that is not protected by plant cover?
a. Chemical weathering
b. Erosion by water or wind
c. Mechanical weathering
d. Too many organisms in the soil
(J)Describe methods for conserving natural resources such as water, soil, and air.
48. In conservation plowing, why are dead weeds and stalks of the previous year’s crop left in the
ground?
a. To keep the soil from becoming too fertile
b. To reduce the amount of seed needed for the next years crop
c. To retain moisture and hold the soil in place
d. To keep more organisms out of the soil
49. What term describes the management of soil to prevent its destruction?
a. Soil exhaustion
b. Soil decomposition
c. Soil conservation
d. Soil fertility
50. The practice of plowing fields along the curves of a slope is called
a. Drought plowing
b. Contour plowing
c. No-till plowing
d. Sod plowing