Second nine weeks study guide 2013-2014
Test Date: __________________ Name:__________________________________________
1. Excretion is the process where _________________________________ are removed from the body.
2.
The structure of DNA is described as being a ________________ _____________.
3. The ____________________ group is the part of the experiment that is used for comparison of data.
4. Write a testable hypothesis in if…then…format for each of the following research problems. Identify the
manipulated variable and the responding variable for each.
A. What effect does high temperature have on radish germination?
Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________
IV: _____________________________________________________________
DV: ____________________________________________________________
B. What effect does food color have on the amount of food fish eat?
Hypothesis: ______________________________________________________
IV: _____________________________________________________________
DV: ____________________________________________________________
5. Identify the IV and DV in the following experiments.
A. If acid rain is in water, then fish population will increase.
IV: ___________________________ DV: _______________________________
C. If calcium is given, then bone strength will increase.
IV: ___________________________ DV: _______________________________
Use the graph above to answer the next three questions.
6.
Predict the population of the United States in the year 2010. _____________________________
7.
Use the graph to determine the approximate population of the United States in 1935, 1945 and 1985.
___________________________________________________________
8.
What is the DV and the IV in the graph? ______________________________________
9.
A ________________ _____________, a __________________ _________________ and
____________________________________ are found in only plant cells and not in animals.
10. The DNA of an ________________________________________ ____________ is located in the
nucleus.
11. An example of a ___________________________________ _________________ is bacteria.
12. List four traits that are inheritable in humans and four traits that are not.
13. The diagram to the right illustrates which process? _________________________
14. ______________________ _______________________________ is the process where sugar is
broken down to release energy. This process occurs in the ____________________________________
of the cell.
15. ________________________ is the field of science which genetic engineering is most often applied.
16. The purpose of the cell cycle is to _________________________ two _________________ cells with
________________________ DNA as the parent cell.
17. What process has to occur in the parent cell before cell division to insure that the daughter cells have the
same amount of DNA as the parent cell? __________________________________________________
18. What is the pattern of organization that is found in all living organisms beginning with the simplest
level? ____________  ________________  __________________ 
________________________________  __________________________________
19. The four nitrogenous base pairs found in DNA are _______________ which pairs with
___________________ and ______________________ which pairs with _______________________.
20. The movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration is called
_____________________________________.
21. A ______________________ is a section of DNA that codes for a trait.
22. What are the alleles that determine a human will be male? ___________ Female? ________
23. In human body cells there are ___________ chromosomes and in gametes there are ______
chromosomes.
24. What cell process produces sperm and egg cells? _______________________________________
25. ____________________________________ is another term for sex cells.
26. _______________________ and _______________________ developed the first 3-D model of DNA.
27. Any mistake in the DNA code causes ______________________________.
28. ____________________ was the scientist who took an x-ray of the structure of DNA.
29. What are the three statements that make up the cell theory?
a. _________________________________________________________________
b. _________________________________________________________________
c. _________________________________________________________________
30. _______________________________ wrote the original cell theory using the work of
___________________, ______________________ and ____________________________________.
31. The different forms or variations of a gene/trait is called __________________.
32. _________________________ is the physical appearance or expression of a trait.
33. Who was the scientist who said all animals are made up of cells? _____________________________
34. Who was the scientist who said all plants are made up of cells? ______________________________
35. Who was the scientist who first saw living cells with a microscope? ___________________________
36. Who was the scientist who gave cells their name after looking at a piece of cork under a microscope?
_________________________________________________________________________________
37. Who invented the compound microscope? _______________________________________________
38. Why do scientists use models? Give an example of three different models found in the classroom.
39. What type of research involves the replacing of malfunctioning genes with properly working genes?
__________________________________________________________________________________
40. The actual alleles an organism has for a given trait is called __________________ and it is represented
by ______________________ such as ___________________________.
41.
Label the parts of the cell below
42. What organelle is selectively permeable? ______________________________________
43. Which organelle is the site of photosynthesis? __________________________________
44. _____________________________________ is the green pigment that absorbs sunlight.
45. ____________________________ are the structures on the underside of a leaf that allow gases to enter
and exit the plant.
46. _________________________________ is responsible for holding the other organelles in place and is
described as being a jelly-like substance.
47. DNA is located in which organelle in an animal cell? _____________________________
48. Cellular respiration occurs in the ____________________________________ of a cell.
49. ___________________________________, ___________________________ and then
_________________________________ are the stages of the cell cycle.
50. Mitosis is divided into four stages-Name each stage and describe what happens in each.
a. P-
b. M-
c. A-
d. T-
51. ____________________________ is the process which uses water and carbon dioxide to convert light
energy into chemical energy.
52. The majority of Earth’s oxygen was produced by which cellular process? _______________________
53. ________________________ or __________________ is the sugar produced during photosynthesis.
54. What are the raw materials needed for photosynthesis to occur?
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
__________________________________________
55. Write the chemical equation for photosynthesis.
56. What is the benefit to plants for going through the process of photosynthesis? _____________________
57. What is the chemical equation for cellular respiration?
58. The products of cellular respiration are ______________________, __________________ and the
releasing of ______________________ from sugar molecules.
59. What cellular process is the basis for almost all food webs? _______________________.
60. ____________ _____________________ and __________ ____________________ occur during
interphase of the cell cycle.
61. ______________________ produces gametes which have ____________ the amount of DNA as the
parent cell.
63. List at least three lab safety rules that all students need to follow.
64. Scientific experiments need to be _______________________________________ in order for the data
to be considered accurate.
65. _______________________ _______________________ is used to determine the volume of a liquid.
66. Complete a Venn diagram comparing the organelles found in plant and animal cells.
67. Use the graph above to answer the following questions.
a. What two sources of money to pay for new roads are represented in this graph?
b.
c. Is increasing gas taxes the most preferred way to raise money for new roads? _______________
68. What is the independent variable in the experiment below? ______________________
Distance Ruler
Distance Tennis
Pulled Back
Ball Traveled
(cm)
(cm)
4
4
5
10
6
18
7
28
8
69. Using the chart above predict the distance the ball will travel when the ruler is pulled back 8 cm.
__________________________________________________
70. Spongebob's cousin, SpongeJimBob, is a heterozygous yellow sponge. He recently married a blue
sponge gal.
a. What are the genotypes of the parents? __________________, _______________
b. Show the cross using a Punnett square
c. What are the possible genotypes for the offspring? _____________________
d. What are the possible phenotypes for the offspring? _____________________
e. What percentage would be yellow? ______ %
f. What percentage would be blue? ______ %
71. Purebred - Also called ___________________________________ and consists of gene pairs with
genes that are the __________.
72. Hybrid - Also called _____________________________________ and consists of gene pairs with
genes that are ________________.
Use the chart below to answer the following questions
Characteristic
Dominant Allele
Recessive Allele
Body shape
Squarepants (S)
Roundpants (r)
Body color
Yellow (Y)
Blue (y)
Eye shape
Round (R)
Oval (r)
73. Give the possible genotypes for each trait based on the information provided in the chart.
Purebred squarepants - ______
Blue body - ______
Hybrid round eyes - ______
Purebred roundpants - ______
Heterozygous squarepants - ______
homozygous yellow body - _____
74. Give the phenotypes for each genotype based on the information provided in the chart.
SS - __________________ Yy - _________________ rr - __________________
Rr - __________________ ss - __________________ YY - __________________
75. SpongeJimBob has oval eyes, while his bride is believed to be homozygous for her round eye shape.
Create a Punnett square to help you answer the questions.
a. What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for the offspring?
b. What percentage would have round eyes? ______ %
c. What percentage would have oval eyes? ______ %
76. Red hair (R) is dominant in Leprechauns. Luke is homozygous dominant for this trait and Lola is
heterozygous for this trait. Show a Punnett Square for this cross and answer the following questions.
Luke’s genotype _______________ Lola’s genotype _______
a. What are the possible genotypes of the offspring?
b. What is the percent chance an offspring will have one of the genotypes?
77. Blue eyes (b) are recessive to brown eyes (B). A cross between the parents is shown below. What are
the possible genotypes for the parents?
BB
Bb
Bb
bb