Chemistry:
Name: ______________________
Gas Properties Exploration
Date: ___________ Block: ______
Purpose: To explore gas properties and the explanations of these properties. How are the
relationship between temperature, pressure and volume of a gas represented?
The Demonstration — Egg and the flask
Qualitative Observations
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What is your thinking on why this happened?
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Procedure, Observations, and Data:
1. In this lab, you will work in groups. Go to each station as directed by your teacher.
2. Record observations, draw diagrams and answer the questions.
3. As you are making particle diagrams, be sure to be aware of the number of particles
that you start with and the number, size, spacing and whooshing
(moving/energy/speed) of particles.
Station 1: Cartesian Diver
Materials:
Eye dropper in a plastic bottle
Procedure:
Keeping the bottom of the bottle on the table, try to make the eye dropper hover in
the middle of the bottle. Make careful observations and describe what happens to the
eye dropper. Hint: there is water inside of the eyedropper.
Qualitative Observations:
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How did you get the eye dropper to stay in the middle of the bottle?
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_____P _____ V
_____P _____ V
Gas Properties Exploration
Station 2: Bottle Flexibility
A: Plastic Water Bottle
Materials:
Very thin plastic water bottle (empty with lid tightly secure on
top), hot plate, beaker of water,
tub of ice water.
Procedure:
Draw a picture of the water bottle at room temperature. Rest
the bottle with lid secured tightly on top of a beaker (see
picture) of hot water sitting on a hot plate. Let it set several
minutes. Make your observations. Put the bottle into an ice
bath. Let it set several minutes and then take it out, observe
the bottle.
Observations
Room Temperature
When Heated
After Cooled
Explain what is happening to the air inside the water bottle and why the bottle behaved the
way it did.
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_____T _____ V
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_____T _____ V
Particle Drawings of Gas inside bottle
Room Temperature
Heated
Cooled
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Gas Properties Exploration
Station 3: Candle in the Beaker
Materials: Tray of water (about ¼ inch water), a candle, matches, and a beaker
Procedure: Set the candle in the water in the tray. Light the candle let it burn for a couple of
minutes, then put the beaker over it.
Qualitative Observations:
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What happened to the water inside the beaker?
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Explain your answer to the above question. Why did the water do what it did?
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Particle diagram of gas inside Beaker
Beginning
After candle extinguished
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Gas Properties Exploration
Station 4:
Materials: Boyle’s Law (pressure/volume) apparatus and several books of uniform size
Procedure: Place a book on the apparatus and record the volume (read the marks on the
syringe) in the data table below. Continue by adding one book at a time, recording
data until all of the books are on the syringe.
Qualitative Observations:
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Books
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
Volume (mL)
Particle diagram of gas inside Syringe
Before Books
Books on apparatus
1. What happens to the air molecules in the syringe?
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2. What happens to the pressure inside the syringe after more books are on the syringe?
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3. How do you think the speed of the moving particles changed?
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4. What is the relationship between volume and pressure of the gas?
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_____P _____ V
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_____P _____ V
4
Gas Properties Exploration
Complete the graph below using the data collected from the pressure/volume apparatus. Draw
a straight-best fit line through graph, starting at (0,0)
How gas volume changes with changes in pressure
V
O
L
U
M
E
(mL)
Pressure (# of books)
(make sure to assign values to the axis)
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Gas Properties Exploration
Station 5:
Materials: hot plate, empty soda can, 50 mL graduated cylinder, beaker tongs, cold water in a
tub
Procedure: Wash out the soda can to make sure that it is clean inside. Get 20 mL of tap water
from the faucet and put it in the can. Turn the hot plate on and place the can on it.
Allow the water in the can to boil (you will hear it and you should see steam).
Carefully grab the can with the beaker tongs and quickly invert it into the tub of water
(you want the open end to go into the water first).
Qualitative Observations:
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Explain what happened to the can?
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Particle Drawings of Gas inside and outside can
Room Temperature
Heated
Cooled (draw your
observations)
_____T _____ P
_____T _____ P
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Gas Properties Exploration
Station 6:
Materials:
bubble wrap, marshmallows and bell jar
(REMEMBER: There is NO eating during chemistry labs!)
Procedure:
1. Place a marshmallow inside the bell jar. Pump the syringe to
make a vacuum. Watch what happens to the marshmallow
release the pressure on the vacuum. Record your results.
2. Cut and place one “bubble” of bubble wrap inside the bell jar and then make a vacuum.
Watch what happens. Record your results.
_____P _____ V
:Qualitative Observations of the Marshmallow activity
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_____P _____ V
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Particle diagram of gas inside and outside Marshmallow
Before “vacuum”
After
Particle diagram of gas inside Bubble
Before “vacuum”
After
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Gas Properties Exploration
Reflections
Answer the questions below with complete sentences; the text book pages 416 to 444 may be
helpful.
Explain why you hear a noise when the bubble wrap breaks open.
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What causes pressure?
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What are some ways to change pressure?
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What happens to the pressure of a gas if you increase temperature?
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What happens to the volume of a gas as you change the pressure?
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Gas Properties Exploration
Define the kinetic molecular theory (KMT).
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Using kinetic molecular theory, explain why your ears “pop” when you move to a higher
elevation?
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Explain what happens to the particles when a gas expands?
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Gas Properties Exploration
Reflection…continued (Answer the questions below with complete sentences.) the text book
pages 416-444 may be helpful.
What happens to the volume of gas during compression?
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According to the kinetic-molecular theory, what are the five properties of an ideal gas?
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Explain the difference between the arrangement of particles in a liquid and in a gas.
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Describe the motion of an ideal gas particle.
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Briefly describe how a barometer works.
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How is a gas’s pressure related to its temperature, at a constant volume?
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Gas Properties Exploration
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Describe in your own words the process of diffusion.
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