Chapter 2.1 - Classifying matter
1. _____________________________ are matter that always has the same (fixed) uniform
composition. It can be classified into two categories __________________ and
___________________.
2. _______________________ are substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances.
A. The ____________ is the smallest particle of an element.
B. Elements have a fixed _________________________ because they contain only one type of
atom.
3. _______________________ are substance that is made up from two or more ________________
substances and can be broken down into those substances. Simpler substances are either
elements or other compounds. Compounds always contain two or more elements joined in fixed
proportion.
4. The properties of compounds ____________ from those of the substances from which they are
made.
A. Both oxygen and hydrogen are gases at room temperature, but water is a liquid.
B. Hydrogen can fuel a fire and oxygen can keep it burning, but water does not burn or help other
substances to burn.
5. ______________________ tend to retain some of the properties of their individual substances.
The properties of a mixture can vary because the composition of a mixture is not fixed. Mixtures
can be classified by how well the parts of the mixture are __________________ throughout the
mixture (heterogeneous or homogeneous) or on the ___________ of the largest particles
(suspension, solution, or colloid).
A. In a ___________________________ mixture, the parts of the mixture are noticeably different
from one another.
B. In a ___________________________ mixture, the substances are so evenly distributed that it
is difficult to distinguish on substance from another.
C. _________________________ are homogeneous mixture formed when substances dissolve.
They form when a _______________ is dissolved in a __________________.
___________________ solutions do not separate into distinct layers over time, as the particles
are too ______________ to settle out of solution, be trapped by a filter, or scatter light.
D. __________________________ are heterogeneous mixtures that separate into layers over
time because the particles are ______________ enough to settle out, be trapped by a filter,
and scatter light.
E. __________________________ are mixture containing some particles that are intermediate in
size between the small particles of a solution and the large particles of a suspension.
Chapter 2.2 – Physical Properties
1. _______________________________ are any characteristic of a material that can be observed
or measured without changing the composition of the substances in the material. Examples
include:
•Viscosity
•Conductivity
•Malleability
•Hardness
•Melting Point
•Density
2. ___________________ is the tendency of a liquid to keep from flowing – its resistance to flowing.
The _______________ the viscosity, the slower a liquid moves. Thick liquids, like
_________________have a high viscosity and thin liquids, like ____________________ have a
low viscosity.
3. ___________________ is a materials ability to allow heat (electricity) to flow. Materials with high
conductivity are called ____________________. Most of the best conductors are
____________________.
4. ___________________ is the ability of a solid to be hammered without shattering. Some good
examples include _________________ and __________________.
5. The ____________________________ is the temperature at which a substance
solid to liquid.
changes from
6. The ____________________________ is the temperature at which a substance changes from a
liquid to a gas (boils).
7. ____________________ is the ratio of the mass of a substance to its volume. It can be used to
test the __________________ of a substance.
8. Using Physical Properties:
A. Using physical properties to identify materials.
1. Decide which _____________________ to test.
2. Do tests on a sample of ________________________.
3. Compare the results with the data reported for ______________ samples.
B. Using physical properties to choose materials.
C. Using physical properties to separate mixtures.
1. ______________________ is the process that separates materials based on the size of
their particles.
2. ______________________ is the process that separates substances in a solution based
on their boiling points.
9.
____________________________ occurs when some of the properties of a material change,
but the substances in the material remain the same.
Chapter 2.3 – Chemical Properties
1. _____________________________ can only be observed when the substances in a sample of
matter are changing into different substances.
2. ______________________ is the ability of a material to burn in the presence of oxygen.
Example: ______________________________________________________________________
3. ______________________ is the property that describes how readily a substance combines
chemically with other substances. Example: __________________________________________
4. _____________________________ occur when a substance reacts and forms one or more new
substances. Example ____________________________________________________________
5. Three common types of evidence of chemical change:
A. ________________________________________
Example: _______________________
B. ________________________________________
Example: _______________________
C. ________________________________________
Example: _______________________
6. Chemical Change or Physical Change
A. Chemical changes occur when matter undergoes a ________________ change, the
composition of the matter _________________.
B. Physical changes occur when matter undergoes a _________________ change, the
composition of the matter remains the ______________.
7. Chemical or Physical?
A. Melting Ice ____________________
B.
Melting Iron ______________________
C. Burning Paper _________________
D.
Chopping Wood ___________________
E. Mixing Salt & Water _____________
F.
Breaking Glass ___________________
G. Burning Wood _________________
H.
Mixing Peas and Carrots ____________
I. Milk Sours ____________________